1. Restoration Components Channel morphology & floodplain connection In-stream structures Streambank bioengineering Riparian buffers & habitat enhancements Stream crossings Stormwater/watershed management Monitoring & maintenance Public access & education

3. Habitat enhancement (pools, aeration, cover)

4. Grade control

6. Runaway Truck Ramp

7. J-Hook Boulder Vane

8. J-Hook Boulder Vane (scour pool)

9. J-Hook Log Vane

10. J-Hook Log Vane

11. Multiple Log Vanes Saugahatchee Creek 2007 2008

12. Multiple Log Vanes Saugahatchee Creek 2009 January 2009 July Photo Credit: Dan Ballard, Town of Auburn

13. Boulder Cross Vane

14. Double-Drop Boulder Cross Vane

15. Double-Drop Offset Boulder Cross Vane

16. Double-Drop Offset Boulder Cross Vane Photo Credit: CAWACO RC&D

17. Offset Boulder Cross Vane at a Bridge

18. Boulder Double Wing Deflector

19. Constructed Riffle

20. Z - Vane

21. Constructed Step-Pool

22. Constructed Step-Pool

23. Constructed Step-Pool + Cross Vane

25. Cover

26. Scour pools

29. Low profile

30. Constructed to withstand stress

32. Root wads

33. Bioengineering (living brush mattress)

35. Seed and straw UNDER mat

36. Keep matting relaxed

37. Key in at top

39. Streambank Bioengineering: Integrating living woody and herbaceous materials to increase strength and structure of the soil (i.e. increase critical shear stress) 2007 NCSU Rocky Branch 2008

40. Brush Mattress live cuttings of silky willow in dormant season 2007 October 2009 August

41. Newland Kentucky Creek bioengineering with black willow cuttings

43. Seed and mulch under matting

44. Wooden stakes (long stakes at toe)

45. Key at top of bank

47. No Plastic!

48. Seed & mulch UNDER matting

50. Problems:Poor stakingHigh shearOverland flow

52. Root Wads Temporary Non-living Revetment

54. Absorb streamflow energy

55. Enhance habitat

56. Use with transplants or adjacent to mature vegetation

57. Placement should be at the toe of the bank and facing into stream velocity vectors

59. Root Wads with Brush Layer

60. Brush Mattress Bank armoring where hand labor makes sense

61. Live cuttings in dormant season

62. Cover with soil, straw, and wire

63. Kentucky Creek Newland, NC April, 2004

64. Vegetative Geolifts

65. 2006

66. Cane Creek Fletcher, NC

73. 2007

75. Dense vegetation

76. Temporary biodegradable matting

77. Bioengineering in high-stress areas

79. Permanent grasses

80. Wetland plants

82. Wheat or MilletTemporary Nurse Crop

83. Permanent Grass Cover

84. Root depth matters

85. Live Stakes

88. 2007

90. Transplants

92. Bare Root Seedlings 1996 2005 2005

93. Container Plants

95. Quality plants

96. Installed correctly

99. Floodplain retention

100. Channel protection

103. Illicit discharge removal

106. Minimize geomorphic impacts

112. Vegetation established

113. Bank erosion halted

114. Bed form enhanced

115. Aesthetics improvedQuestions: Water quality improved? Habitat improved? Restoration achieved?

116. Jumping Run Creek, Payne Dairy, Alexander Co, NC Annual Geomorphic Surveys, 2001 - 2009

117. Jumping Run Creek, Payne Dairy, Alexander Co, NC Annual Macroinvertebrate Sampling, 2000 - 2009

119. Sediment transport is in equilibrium

120. Water quality and habitats are improving

122. Riffles, pools, glides

123. Fine roots

124. Wood

125. Cover and food sources

126. Hyporheic connections

127. Reduce large steps with inappropriately large boulders

128. Provide floodplain connection

130. Signs

133. Self-sustaining

134. Serve as model for future projects

135. Accepted by the public