Presentation about scholarly communication and open access.

1. Scholarlycommunication Jenny Ericsson, Alnarp Library

2. Topics The beginnings and development of scholarlycommunication – what is it and howdid it start? Whydowepublish? Howdoes it work? Problems, challenges and possibilities today

3. Definitions What is scholarlycommunication? ”How scholars find information, create knowledge, and communicate among themselves, with students, and beyond the academy with other audiences.” (Scholarly Communication Institute) ” The process by which scholarly information is produced, disseminated, preserved, and used.” (University of Maryland)

4. Scope and issues Examples: Author rights Economics Visibility New models of publishing (e.g. Open Access) Rights and access for the public Preservation …

5. In the beginning… In the 17th century, scholars would meet to present and discuss papers and ideas. They also corresponded in private letters As the correspondence and the number of scholars increased, scholarly journals emerged. Photo: free as a ladybird (2009). (License CC-BY-SA)

6. Scholarly journals 1 Le Journal des Sçavans and Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society were both first published in 1665. Photo: Wikimedia, Public Domain.

7. Scholarly journals 2 In the 18th – 19th century: Specialiseddisciplines Scientificpriority Public archiving Photo: On Being(2009), License CC-BY-NC-SA.

8. Scholarly journals 3 In the 20th century: Hugeincrease in scientific research after the Second World War Commercial publisherstake over Electronic publishing Photo: At.morey.tota (2008). Public Domain.

9. Scholarly journals 4 In the 21st century…? The journal crisis The ImpactFactor Open Access publishing The Social Web … Photo: Gideon Burton, CC-licens BY-SA

10. Players in scholarly communication Publishers – Commercial – Non-commercial University publishers Learnedsocieties Libraries Researchers/scientists – Authors – Readers Funders – Tax payers – Private funding Universities

11. How does it work? Traditionally, scholars within academia create the information. These scholars then turn to publishers to produce and package the information. Libraries purchase the information from the publishers, organize it, and provide access to the publications. This allows for the dissemination of the scholarly information and continued use of it by scholars.

12. The scientific journal as a means for communication Whypublish? To finish/report results of a research project To establishpriority –first with theseresults! To disseminateresults Qualitycontrol (peerreview) Archivalissues

13. The publishing process Finished projectmanuscript Findsuitable journal Submitmanuscript Assessment by editor (within journal scope?) Sent to peerreview (rejected or accepted? Changes? Big or minor?) Changes made by author (final proof) Final acceptance ’Cosmetic’ editing by journal Publication! Thenwhat….?

14. Interactions in the conventional publishing world: PROFIT PUBLISHER Stock owners and societies $$$ FREE ”FREE” SCHOLARS LIBRARY $$$ $$$ Government/ funds University

15. Scientific Journals • Traditional journals • Open Access journals • Hybrid journals All threetypes of journals are peerreviewed!

16. The journal crisis The publishers’ market Market dominated by fewer and largercompanies Increasingcosts Subscriptionpriceshaveincreasedmuchmorethan inflation and keep on risingeveryyear - library budgets affectedworldwide Limited access Funders and tax payersdon’thave access to research theypay for. People not associated with a universityhavelimited access to current research. People in developingcountrieshavelimited access evenwithinuniversities. Preservation Online archivesonly – whathappenswhen a publishergoesout of business and theirarchivesdisappear?

17. Background to Open Access The journal crisis + the Internet = Researchers and information specialists worldwidebegan to see a potential solution in the 1990s. Open Access is a new way of organising the distribution of scientific information.

18. Open Access publishing 1 What is Open Access? Open Access = –[…] freeavailability on the public internet, permittinganyusers to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to full texts of thesearticles […] (The Berlin Declaration, 2003) Free exchange of information and the dissemination of research results Free access – anyone with an internet connectioncan read, download, link to and print the full text of an Open Access article

19. Open Access publishing 2 Examples of recommendations/decisions: The Berlin declaration UK Research Councils mandate OA publishing SUHF (Association of Swedish HigherEducation) and Swedish Research Council havesigned the Berlin declaration The Swedish Research Council (VR)mandates OA publishing FORMASmandates OA publishing NIH (National Institute of Health, USA) mandates OA publishing And the SLU Open Access policy!

20. Open Access publishing 3 Howdo I publish Open Access? There are twoways! By publishing in an Open Access journal or By publishing in a traditionalscientific journal AND depositing a copy in an institutionalarchive, like Epsilon. This is called ”parallel publishing” or ”self-archiving”.

21. Open Access publishing 4 Someadvantages with OA publishing: Faster turnaround time – faster dissemination of research results Benefits the progress of science More citations Searchable and retrieveable on the web (Google et al) Developing countries’ researchers and the general public have access. ”Science is public knowledge”.

22. Open Access publishing 5 Some possible disadvantages with OA publishing: Someone still has to pay – who? Loss of prestige? Loss of quality? Risk of plagiarism increased? And for the commercial publishers: losing a lot of power and money!

23. Open Access Journals and other Open Access scientific publications Howdo I findthem ?

24. DOAJ http://www.doaj.org

25. Open J-gatehttp://www.openj-gate.com/

26. Some Open access Publishers Public Library of Science (PLoS) Hindawi BioMed central …

27. OAIster http://www.oaister.worldcat.org/

28. SHERPA / RoMEOhttp://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php

29. The SLU Open Access policy- some benefits with OA publishing Increased visibility of SLU research. Publishing in Epsilon’s Open Archive can normally take place when the publication has been accepted by the journal. Increased spread of SLU material. Institutions in developing countries, where SLU has collaborative projects, can take part of the scientific results from SLU. Savings in terms of reduced print costs. Publications from SLU are stored in a comprehensive archive. The archive is safe for long term depositing.

30. Where you publish makes a difference! Each author’s choice of where to publish adds another brick to a complex publishing structure. Your choice may have a dramatic effect on how accessible, or inaccessible, your research is. Your decision can limit or facilitate others’ digital access to significant research. (The Stanford Lane Medical Library)

31. Pleasefeelfree to contactme with questionsaboutelectronic publishing and open access: Jenny Ericsson, Alnarp library jenny.c.ericsson [at] slu.se http://www.slu.se/en/library/publish/