1. ENGLISH TENSES

2. El tiempo…
4 períodos de tiempo:
PAST 2 PAST PRESENT FUTURE

3. Present simple: form
 Affirmative sentences:  NOTE: he, she, it - Do not
 I/we/you/they play football. forget the -s.
He/she/it plays football.
 Negative sentences:
 NOTE: We often use
 We use the auxiliary do.
I/we/you/they do not play short forms: I/we/you/they
football. don't play football.
He/she/it does not play He/she/it doesn't play
football. football
 Questions:
 Do I/we/you/they play football?
Does he/she/it play football?

4. s
A lway
y
El presente simple U suall s
e
etim
Som om
Hábitos y rutinas Seld ver
I always go to work by bus dly e
Har ver
Elections are held every 4 years Ne
week
Ev er y a y
d
E very e a year
c
wi
Once/t ummers…
In the s PRESENT

5. El presente simple
Verdades universales
Water boils at 100º
PRESENT

6. El presente simple
Estados (permanentes)
I live in Santander
PRESENT

7. Present continuous: be + ing
 Affirmative sentences:
 I am working
 we/you/they are playing football.
He/she/it is playing football.
 Negative sentences:
I am not working
 we/you/they aren’t playing football.
He/she/it isn’t playing football.
 Questions:
 Am I working?
 Are you/we/they playing football?
 Is he/she/it playing football?

8. El presente continuo
NOW
NOW
PRESENT
We are learning English
Look, it’s raining

9. El presente continuo
Estados temporales
I´m living in a rented
apartment at the moment
PRESENT

10. El presente continuo
Futuro cercano (y planeado)
I’m meeting some friends after work
PRESENT

11. Stative verbs
Algunos verbos no admiten presente
continuo, ex:
 Verbos de pensamiento: think, believe,
agree, know, etc.
 Verbos de gustos: like, hate, love, want,
etc.
 Verbos de posesión: have, own, belong
 Verbos de sentidos: see, taste, smell, etc.

12. Summing up…
Present simple Present continuous
 Hábitos y rutinas  Acciones ocurriendo
AHORA
 Estados permanentes  Estados temporales
 Verdades universales  Planes en futuro
cercano

13. El pasado simple: VERBOS
REGULARES
FORMA: Para formar el pasado simple con verbos regulares,
usamos el infinitivo y añadimos la terminación
“-ed". La forma es la misma para todas personas
 Want → wanted Learn → learned Stay → stayed walk → walked
EXCEPCIONES:
 Para verbos que terminan en una "e", sólo añadimos "-d.
change → changed believe → believed
 Si el verbo termina en una vocal corta y una consonante (excepto "y"
o "w"), doblamos la consonante final.
stop → stopped commit → committed
Con verbos que terminan en una consonante y una "y", se cambia la
"y" para una "i".
study → studied try → tried

14. El pasado simple:
VERBOS IRREGULARES
 Hay muchos verbos irregulares en inglés.
Desafortunadamente, no hay reglas fijadas para
formarlos.

15. Past simple: estructura
 Affirmative Sentences (Frases
afirmativas)
Sujeto + verbo principal.
Ejemplos:
 I wanted to dance.
 She was a doctor.
 They learned English.

16. Past simple: estructura
 Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to do") + "not" + verbo principal.
Ejemplos:
• I didn't want to dance.
• She wasn't a doctor.
• They didn't learn English.
Nota: En frases negativas, el verbo auxiliar va en el pasado
("did") y el verbo principal se queda en el infinitivo

17. Past simple: estructura
Interrogative Sentences (Frases
interrogativas)
Verbo auxiliar ("to do") + sujeto + verbo principal?
Ejemplos:
• Did you want to dance?
• Was she a doctor?
• Did they learn English?
Nota: Como en frases negativas, el verbo auxiliar va en el
pasado ("did") y el verbo principal se queda en el
infinitivo.

18. El pasado simple
Acciones empezadas y acabadas en el pasado
I went to Australia last Winter
PRESENT

19. El pasado simple
 Se usa el pasado simple para un serie de
acciones en el pasado.
He studied for an hour in the morning, worked all afternoon and
didn't return home until 10 at night.
PRESENT

20. El pasado Continuo
 Para formar el pasado continuo se utiliza el verbo auxiliar "to be" y
el gerundio (infinitivo + "-ing") del verbo. El verbo auxiliar "to be"
está en el pasado simple, pero ten en cuenta que "to be" es un
verbo irregular.
I talking, eating
was learning,
He, She, It doing, going...
You talking
We were eating , doing
They learning, going...

21. El pasado Continuo:
estructura
 Affirmative Sentences
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + gerundio
I was talking.
 Negative sentences
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + "not" + gerundio.
I wasn’t talking
 Interrogative sentences
Verbo auxiliar ("to be") + sujeto + gerundio?
Were you talking?

22. El pasado Continuo
Acción en proceso en el pasado
At 8:00 pm I was watching television
PRESENT

23. Pasado simple vs. pasado continuo
Una acción larga (en el pasado)
interrumpida por una más corta
When I was writing a email, the computer went off
PRESENT

24. Presente perfecto simple
Acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y
continúan en el presente:
I have lived in Santander since 1995
1995
PRESENT

25. Presente perfecto simple
 Acción pasada en un momento SIN
especificar:
People have travelled to the Moon
 Experiencias:
I have travelled to New York three times
?????
PRESENT

26. Presente perfecto simple
Acciones en el pasado con resultado en el
presente:
Look, I have cut my hair
PRESENT

27. Presente perfecto continuo
 acciones que se iniciaron en el pasado y que
en el momento presente se siguen
desarrollando (o acaban de finalizar).
 Énfasis en la duración (no en el resultado)
I’m tired, I’ve been studying
all night

28. Presente perfecto simple o
continuo
Resultado (what / Duración (how long)
how much / how often)
I have written 5 I have been writing for
letters. an hour.
I have been to London
twice.

29. Speaking

31. Pasado Perfecto
Acción pasada anterior a otra acción pasada o
momento del pasado:
She understood the film because she had read the book
PAST 2 PAST PRESENT

32. El futuro: will
 Forma:
• suj + will + verbo (infinitivo)
Manchester will win the match
• suj + will + not (won’t) + infinitivo
Manchester won’t win the match
• Will + suj + infinitivo?
Will manchester win the match?

33. El Futuro: will
Predicciones: In 2050 ther will be people living in the Moon
Promesas: I will call you when I arrive
Decisiones espontáneas: “We’ve run out of milk”
“Don’t worry, I will buy it now”
PRESENT

34. Remember :We often use "will" with:
 probably, most likely : I'll probably drop in
on uncle.
 I think: This gift is great. I think we'll love it.
 I'm sure: I'm sure there will be a lot of boys
at your age
 I wonder (if, what, when, etc.) It's a bit late. I
wonder if he'll come.

35. El Futuro: going to
Predicciones basadas en evidencias:
According to the survey, Obama is going to win the
next elections
Planes e intenciones:
Jim is going to travel around the world next Summer
PRESENT

36. Compare
Will: Going to:
 Predicciones basadas  Predicciones basadas
en intuición: en evidencias
Real Madrid will win the Look at the clouds, it’s going to rain
match  Decisiones planeadas,
 Decisiones intenciones
espontáneas I’m going to visit my
I’ll close the windows, it’s grandparents next week
starting to rain

37. Practice:
 What are your plans for next weekend?
 What are your plans for next year?
 What predictions can you make about
future?
 Do you think future will be better than
today?
• 1. The Effects of Overpopulation
• 2. Energy Revolution
• 3. High Technology
• 4. Changes on Earth

38. Remember
 El
presente continuo también se usa
para hablar del futuro:
• Futuro planeado y cercano
I'm meeting Katie in the evening.
He's flying to Rome in September.
We're not going anywhere tomorrow

39. Future continuo
 Form:
 Afirmative: Suj + will + be + ing
She'll be having a bath when I'm back home.
Tomorrow at nine, I will be washing my car.
 Negative: Suj + will + not + be + ing
We won't be having diner tomorrow before 8 o'clock.
 Interrogative: Will + Suj + be + ing ?
Will you be using the computer tonight?

40. Future continuo
 Usos:para indicar que estaremos en
medio de una acción en un momento
concreto del futuro
In an hour, I will be sitting in front of my TV.

41. Futuro perfecto
Form:
 Afirmative: Suj + will + have + participio
I will have retired by the end of this year
 Negative: Suj + will + not + have + participio
They won't have graduated from from Cambridge by July
2009
 Questions: Suj + will + have + participio
Will they have graduated from Cambridge by July 2009?

42. Futuro perfecto
Acciones que habrán terminado antes de un
momento del futuro
 Before they come, we will have cleaned up the house.
 Patrick will have lived in Hong Kong for 20 years by 2012
Expresiones temporales:
 By
 By the time
 Before
 By tomorrow/7 o'clock/next month
 Until/till

43. Compare
Futuro continuo Futuro perfecto
 At 12:00 we will be  By 12:30 the train will
travelling by train have arrived

44. The future of the planet

45. Match
1. Look at that car. It's going to A. Futuro planeado
hit the pedestrian! B. Predicción basada en
2. This time next week, I'll be pruebas.
relaxing in Florida. C. Acción acabada antes de un
3. She's meeting her boss momento concreto del
tomorrow morning. futuro .
4. I'm going to buy a house. D. Acontecimiento en proceso
5. I think it'll rain later. en un mometo específico del
fututro
6. We'll have finished the project
by the end of next week. E. Promesa.
7. I WILL stop smoking this F. Predicción sobre el futuro.
year! G. Intención