1.  Shigella dysenteriae
• Gram – rod
• Faculta6ve anaerobe
• “Normal” bacteria of the intes6nal tract in
primates and humans. Also found in
contaminated water and food.
• Pathogenic
‐ shigellosis
‐ only cause of epidemic dysentery
• Signs/ Symptoms
‐ range from asymptoma6c to high
fever, bloody diarrhea and stomach
cramps
• Treatment
‐ an6bio6cs only for the worst cases because of
developing an6bio6c resistance. Mild forms
clear up within 5 to 7 days.
‐ contamina6on of food and water can be
prevented through proper hand washing, good
hygiene, and proper water sanita6on. copyright, 2010, Marler Clark LLP, PS.
All Rights Reserved

2. Human rhinovirus A
• Picornaviridae
• Outer coat: non‐enveloped capsid having
12 capsomers
• Nucleic acid core: a single molecule of single‐stranded RNA
• Major cause of the common cold and upper respiratory
infec6ons
• Signs/symptoms: runny nose, fever, cough (either dry or
mucous producing), nasal conges6on, and chest conges6on
• Treatment:
‐ over‐the‐counter medica6ons to help with the relief of
symptoms
‐ preven6on through hand washing, sanita6on and possible
isola6on of sick individuals

3. Borrelia burgdorferi
• Not classified as Gram (-) or (+) but does stain as a
weak Gram (-)
• Flexible, spiral-shaped spirochete with internal flagella
• Pathogenic bacteria spread by tick or louse bites,
rodents can be a reservoir for this pathogen as well
• Lyme Disease symptoms include:
Source: ASM MicrobeLibrary.org ©
Nelson
• bull’s eye shaped rash appearing a few days to a month after infection
• flu-like symptoms
• joint pain
• neurological problems including meningitis and Bell’s Palsy
• heart problems (less common)
• Treatments include:
• Oral antibiotics administered for 14 to 21 days (if disease is
found in early stages)
• Intravenous antibiotics for 14 to 28 days (if the disease has
progressed)
Source: California Health Department