The papers cover diverse subjects and reveal some surprising insights into possible future roles for the library and others in the supply chain. Experts share opinions on new and emerging technologies, changing research practices, trends in user behaviour/expectations and views on a variety of access and business models. Unsurprisingly, budgetary pressures have a significant impact across all areas of the supply chain, but some experts feel this can be used to drive innovation. Other future forces for change include mobile technology and the importance of China, India and other emerging economies in shaping publishers’ activities. Papers are available at http://www.ebsco.com/whitepapers
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
The future-of-the-academic-information-supply-chain-oct2012
1. •Quality Content • Resource Management • Access • Integration • Consultation
The future of the academic
information supply chain
October 2012
2. The future of the academic information supply chain
Context
• The supply chain remains hugely
complex and highly dynamic
• Wide range of factors:
• evolving technology
• financial pressure
• economic climate
• research practices
• user behaviour
/expectations
• new service providers
• evolving roles
• changing business models
• new and emerging markets
• wider web
• and much more!
3. The future of the academic information supply chain
Survey :
• 141 colleagues invited
• 98 answers
• 70% response rate
• Qualitative and quantitative
• Academic librarians (26/32)
• Agents/Intermediaries (13/31)
• Publishers (28/36)
• Consortia representatives (6/13)
• Others In the Industry (25/29)
(Opinion Leaders, consultants, trade
associations, research funders, software
providers etc.)
4. The future of the academic information supply chain
Outcomes
• A series of white papers:
1. The Future Role of
the Academic Library
2. Access to Content:
Now and in Future
3. The Impact of Open Access
4. The Role of Subscription Agents
5. Future Forces for Change
• Available from EBSCO since October 2012
• Selected highlights in this presentation
5. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Future Role
of the Academic Library
6. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Future Role of the Academic Library
For the coming 3-5 years, academic libraries
will remain a necessary and important
component of universities?
21% 1%
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
78% Strongly disagree
Not sure
7. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Future Role of the Academic Library
For the coming 3-5 years, academic libraries
will remain a necessary and important
component of universities?
“[Libraries] are challenged to demonstrate their value Others in
in this digital age of widespread and easy access to the
online information.” Industry
8. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Future Role of the Academic Library
Thinking about the next 3-5 years, please
identify any significant changes you anticipate
in the role played by academic libraries
9. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Future Role of the Academic Library
Academic libraries
significant changes
Key themes
General services
• Far less collection
development activity
• Far fewer print holdings
and services
• Less buying:
access not ownership
• Emphasis on tools for
search, discovery & access
10. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Future Role of the Academic Library
Academic libraries
significant changes
Key themes
Faculty/Student
Support Services
• Managing research
outputs (papers and data)
• Providing innovative
learning space
• Information and
digital literacy training
• Creating digital
collections from local
resources & assets
11. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Future Role of the Academic Library
Academic libraries
significant changes
Key themes
Technology
• Being adept with
channels and tools
native to users
• Integrating technology
into teaching and learning
• Being based more within
faculty/departments
12. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Future Role of the Academic Library
Academic libraries
significant changes
Key themes
Open Access
• Managing article
processing charges and
OA budgets [Gold OA]
• Supporting academics to:
• create their own
OA journals
• get best value from
their funding
• The library as publisher e.g.
New on-campus OA journal
13. The future of the academic information supply chain
Access to Content:
Now and in Future
14. The future of the academic information supply chain
Access to Content: Now and in Future
The future of the big deals
As a means of optimising library budgets
the Big Deal has outlived its usefulness?
35%
30%
Strongly agree
14% Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
11% 10%
Strongly disagree
Not sure
15. The future of the academic information supply chain
Access to Content: Now and in Future
The future of the big deals
Comments
“There is currently no model that fits all libraries.
Publisher
The Big Deal is still very good value for money”
“The unpredictability of library budgets in the current economic
climate and the fact that big deals leave no flexibility for
Librarian
nuancing collections at the title level mean that librarians are
becoming increasingly disenchanted with the big deal.”
“The relevance/validity/usefulness of the big deal depends on
the kind of institution. It will remain appropriate for smaller Agent/
(possibly teaching-lead) institutions, but will become less and Intermediary
less relevant to larger or more research-focused institutions.”
16. The future of the academic information supply chain
Access to Content: Now and in Future
Access models
For academic content, the subscription model
has outlived its usefulness?
42%
Strongly agree
22% 25% Somewhat agree
10% Somewhat disagree
Strongly disagree
1% Not sure
17. The future of the academic information supply chain
Access to Content: Now and in Future
Access models
Within 3-5 years, access/acquisition triggered
by patron request will be the most common
purchase model for academic content?
41%
31% Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
15% Somewhat disagree
4%
8% Strongly disagree
Not sure
18. The future of the academic information supply chain
Access to Content: Now and in Future
Pricing based on one/more characteristics of purchasing
institution (e.g. FTEs; prior year spend etc.)?
49%
Pricing models
Strongly agree
who’s the fairest of them all?
28%
Somewhat agree
7% Somewhat disagree
8% 8% Strongly disagree
Not sure
19. The future of the academic information supply chain
Access to Content: Now and in Future
Pricing models who’s
the fairest of them all?
Pricing based on actual usage assessed
after a period of access?
38% 39%
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
18%
Somewhat disagree
1% Strongly disagree
4%
Not sure
20. The future of the academic information supply chain
Access to Content: Now and in Future
Pricing models who’s
the fairest of them all?
There are currently no fair methods
of pricing academic content?
36%
24% Strongly agree
14% 21% Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
6% Strongly disagree
Not sure
21. The future of the academic information supply chain
Access to Content: Now and in Future
We asked librarians only to comment
on a range of other factors which might
influence purchasing decisions
22. The future of the academic information supply chain
Access to Content: Now and in Future
What else matters...?
Most Important
• Relevance to
research/teaching programmes
• Recent usage by faculty
and students
• Value for money Least Important
(however determined)
• Demand from faculty • Fit with existing collection
• Cost-per-use • Availability through patron-driven
access model
• Demand from students
23. The future of the academic
information supply chain
The Impact of Open Access
24. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Impact of Open Access
In 3-5 years’ time, most academic content will
be available through one or more OA models?
49%
Strongly agree
26% Somewhat agree
15% Somewhat disagree
4%
Strongly disagree
6%
Not sure
25. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Impact of Open Access
Open Access will disintermediate subscription
agents from the information supply chain
38%
33% Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
14% Somewhat disagree
4% 11%
Strongly disagree
Not sure
26. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Impact of Open Access
Open Access will disintermediate subscription
agents from the information supply chain
“Subs agents will still be needed but will have to find new
roles for themselves in assisting librarians – and those roles Publisher
are there, just being taken up by other non-agent players.”
“We can make a lot more content available in our Agent/
pre-harvested index - thus providing better resource Intermediary
discovery for libraries and their users.”
27. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Impact of Open Access
…possible disintermediation of
publishers?
78%
Impact elsewhere…?
Agreed
13% Disagreed
10%
Not sure
28. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Impact of Open Access
Impact elsewhere…?
…possible disintermediation of
publishers?
“The journal publishers/vendors need not fear OA: it increases access to content mainly
to those who would rarely pay for the content in any case…users and libraries continue Consortium
to prefer to search for and access content through aggregated, organized, and full- representative
featured, and attractive platforms - as provided or facilitated by the publishers/vendors.”
“My feeling is that we will end up with a very mixed picture for the
foreseeable future, and that publishers and intermediaries should not
Librarian
fight against the trend but seek to embrace it by providing the
facilities and services that authors and readers really want.”
29. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Impact of Open Access
Impact elsewhere…?
…possible disintermediation of
libraries?
76%
Agreed
18% Disagreed
6%
Not sure
30. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Impact of Open Access
Impact elsewhere…?
…possible disintermediation of
libraries?
“The phrase "library as broker of access" is jarring: a librarian was
never meant to be the business person brokering the deals: in an OA
Publisher
world, the librarian returns to a world of curation, selection, discovery
and information literacy - surely that is far more relevant?”
31. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Impact of Open Access
In the coming 3-5 years, Open Access will
be the most significant force for change in
the academic information supply chain?
40%
24% Strongly agree
12% Somewhat agree
14% Somewhat disagree
10% Strongly disagree
Not sure
32. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Impact of Open Access
Open Access: Themes
• OA will continue to grow
• Broad acceptance of
author pays (Gold OA)
• Some support for Green OA
but not universal
• Concerns about funding
(especially in humanities)
• Concerns about peer review
and quality
33. The future of the academic
information supply chain
The Role of Subscription Agents
34. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Role of Subscription Agents
The Changing Supply Chain
Environment
Pressure to make cost-savings is widespread
but felt most keenly by subscription agents?
40%
37%
23% Agreed
Disagreed
Not sure
35. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Role of Subscription Agents
The Changing Supply Chain
Environment
Subscription agents continue to play an invaluable
role within the academic information supply chain?
77%
Agreed
Disagreed
10% 14%
Not sure
36. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Role of Subscription Agents
The Changing Supply Chain
Environment
As long as agents continue to develop value-added
services they will continue to have a role?
94%
Agreed
6% 0% Disagreed
Not sure
37. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Role of Subscription Agents
Current value from agents
(high response examples)
• Consolidation services (e.g. ordering,
invoicing, claiming, currency)
• Servicing long tail of publishers
• Managing payments
• Resource discovery tools/services
• One to many efficiencies
• Usage stats
• (Information feeds to) knowledge bases
• Provide meta-data/other references
• Track licensing T&C
• Local market knowledge
• Administrative efficiency; aggregation;
38. The future of the academic information supply chain
The Role of Subscription Agents
Future value from agents
(high response examples)
• Services to support the growing number of OA
transactions
• Support services for transaction based access (e.g.,
PPV, PDA)...
• …to complete management of patron-driven options
• License management and ROI analysis
• MARC records for e-books
• Provision of discovery tools and services
• Registration, IP management and access
management services
• Usage data collection and analysis
• Managing rights information
• Managing data and metadata on behalf of institutions
• Providing reports based on data-mining user logs
39. The future of the academic
information supply chain
Future Forces for Change
40. The future of the academic information supply chain
Future Forces for Change
Colleagues were asked to rate a range
of factors as potential forces for change
in the coming 3-5 years
Top 5 forces for change
(all cohorts)
2. Pressure on 3. Govt./funding body 5. China/India &
1. Pressure mandates for funded 4. Mobile
teaching & emerging economies
on library results to be available technology shaping publishers’
research
budgets through open access
budgets activities
41. The future of the academic information supply chain
Future Forces for Change
Colleagues were asked to rate a range
of factors as potential forces for change Top 5 forces for change
in the coming 3-5 years (Highlighting cohorts’ differences)
Libraries Publishers Agents/Intermediaries
1. Pressure on library budgets 1. Pressure on 1. Pressure on library budgets
2. Pressure on teaching library budgets 2. Mobile technology
& research budgets 2. Pressure on teaching & research 3. Pressure on teaching & research
3. Govt./funding body mandates budgets budgets
for funded results to be available 3. Gold open access 4. Falling student numbers
through open access 4. Mobile technology 5. Scholarly publishers increasing
4. Gold open access 5. China/India/emerging economies the range of services
5. Green open access shaping publishers’ activities
2. Pressure on 3. Govt./funding body 5. China/India &
1. Pressure mandates for funded 4. Mobile
teaching & emerging economies
on library results to be available technology shaping publishers’
research
budgets through open access
budgets activities
Consortia representative Others in the Industry
1. Pressure on library budgets 1. China/India/emerging economies shaping publishers’ activities
2. Pressure on teaching & research budgets 2. Pressure on library budgets
3. Govt./funding body mandates for funded 3. Pressure on teaching & research budgets
results to be available through open access 4. Govt./funding body mandates for funded results to be
4. Green open access available through open access
5. China/India/emerging economies shaping 5. More involvement in research comms. by small, non-
publishers’ activities trad companies
42. The future of the academic
information supply chain
Conclusions
43. The future of the academic information supply chain
Conclusions
Known knowns…
• Landscape hugely dynamic…and will
continue to be so
• In the West, the economy will remain
the issue foreseeably, pressurising:
• institutional funding (library,
research, teaching budgets)
• the entire academic information
supply chain
• Open access will continue to bring
change and opportunity, and (for some)
threat to survival
44. The future of the academic information supply chain
Conclusions
Evolution for most of us…
• Libraries: curating digital research data
• Publishers: growth beyond US/Europe
e.g. China, India, Brazil etc.
• Agents: as originators/curators of
metadata
• Content: nature/delivery/use shaped by
mobile technology
• Users: continually evolving behaviour
and demands
• Universities: increasingly competitive;
showcasing output
• Govts./Funders: mandates challenging
subscription paradigm
45. The future of the academic information supply chain
Conclusions
Revolution for some?
• Library as publisher (e.g. OA journals; data)
• Librarians as digital literacy experts
• Agent as (OA) fund manager
• Agent as manager of patron-driven
access and use
• Agents to become first and foremost
technology companies?
• Publishers as research partners
(e.g. Digital Science)
• Funding bodies as publishers (e.g. eLife)
• New players may surprise us all -
through acquisition, encroachment or
by seizing an opportunity first
46. The future of the academic
information supply chain
Thank you
Visit:
www.ebsco.com/whitepapers to download
any of the white papers in the series
The Future of the Academic
Information Supply Chain:
1. The Future of the Academic Library
2. Access to Content: Now and in Future
3. The Impact of Open Access
4. The Role of Subscription Agents
5. Future Forces for Change