It is a small descriptions about projective techniques which is used in psychology

3. Projective Techniques
• Projective techniques (objective hypothesis)
• These technique are based on the phenomenon
of projection.
• In these technique relatively indefinite and
unstructured stimuli are provided to the subject
and he or she is asked to structured them in any
way they likes
• In doing so they unconsciously projects their own
desires, hopes, fears, repressed wishes etc.

4. Projective Techniques
• Verbal Techniques
• Autobiographical Memories
• Performance Techniques

5. WORD ASSOCIATION TECHNIQUE
• It is a simple technique devised by Galton in 1879.
• In word association respondents are presented with
a list of words one at a time and asked to respond
to each with the first word that comes to mind .
• The word of interest called test words usually 55
single words.

6. Cont.
Responses are analyzed by calculating -
• The frequency with which any word is given as a
responses.
• The amount of time that elapses before a responses
is given.
• The number of respondents who do not respond at
all to a test word within a reasonable period of time.

7. Sentence completion
• In Sentence completion or unfinished sentences, the
respondents are given incomplete sentences and asked to
complete them. Generally, they are asked to use the first
word or phrase that comes to mind.
Example
• My father seldom.......................
• Most people don't know that I'm afraid of..............
• When I was a child, I.......................
• When encountering frustration, I usually………………

8. ROTTERS INCOMPLETE SENTENCE
BLANK (RISB)
• This includes list of 40 incomplete sentences and
there is no specific time limit for the respondent
and psychologist.
• The respondent makes such sentences that
manifest his unconscious
desires, thinking, frustrations, emotions, anxiety,
mental state etc.

9. ASSESSMENT FOR COMPLETING
SENTENCE
Five types of attitudes are kept in mind while
assessing the personalities from resultant
complete sentence.
1) Attitude towards family
2) Social attitude
3) Emotional attitude
4) Sexual attitude
5) Character traits

10. Drawing Techniques
• A well- known early example is the Machover Draw-a-
person test (D-A-P Machover 1949).
• In this test the individual is provided with paper and
pencil and is told to “draw a person’’.
• Completion of the first drawing he or she is asked to
draw a person of the opposite sex or of a different
gender.
• The drawing is usually followed by a series of question to
elicit specific information about age
, schooling, occupation.

11. Autobiographical memories
• Analysing memories especially those of early life , in
order to understand recurrent or intractable conflicts in
later life.
• In Bruhn’s cognitive – perceptual
theory, autobiographical memories are central to the
understanding of personality.
• The early memories procedure (EMP Bruhn , 1989) is a
self administered paper-and –pencil instrument that
samples 21 autobiographical memories from the entire
life span , not just childhood.

12. Cont.
• The first part calls for six general or spontaneous
memories delimited primarily by specific timeframes (the
five earliest memories and a particularly important life
time memory).
• The second part comprises 15 specific or directed
memories that explore a diverse set of events and areas
that may be clinically relevant (e.g. a traumatic
memory, one’s first punishment memory or one’s
happiest memory )

13. Completion
• The subject is given an incomplete
sentence, story, argument or conversation, and
asked to finish it.
• Brand mapping (Gordon and Langmaid,1988)

15. Expressive
• A subject is asked to role-play, act, draw or paint
a specific concept or situation.
• Focus on the manner in which the subject
• constructs something, rather than on what it
represents

16. Choice Ordering
• The subjects have to explain why certain things
are most important¨ or least important¨, or to
"rank" or order¨ or “categorize” certain factors
associated with a product, brand or service

18. Quantitative Approach
• The content of verbal or pictorial descriptions or
sorted information is analyzed by classifying the
content into categories that are then given
numerical values.
• Specific components of the test protocol are thus
tabulated and used systematically to evaluate
either a subject's responses or the empirical
validity of generalizations about groups.

19. Qualitative Approach
• There are no systems of scoring or tabulation.
• The description and explanation of the
projections by the subjects form the database
which then requires ordering and interpretation.

20. Analysis and Interpretation of Data

21. “Belief is to believe in
something that is
intangible and invisible.”
- Napoleon Bonaparte