2. Aptitude achievement discrepancy SLD can cause a person to have trouble learning and using certain skills. most often affected are: reading, writing, listening, speaking, reasoning, and doing math. Limited time for intervention prior to graduation or dropping out (Faggella-Lubby & Deschler, 2008) Students with Learning Disabilities
3. Luisa NAEP (national assessment of educational progress) findings: 26% eight grade students c/n read for daily living 68% secondary student below proficiency (McCardle & Chhabra, 2004). Reading primary area disability is manifested Years of failure motivation Limited decoding skills At risk because of underachievement
4. Greatest Hurdle Good readers like to read.. Poor or struggling readers have years of failure…likely to give up earlier….must increase time on task so they can “fall into” or engage
5. Engagement Vocabulary instruction improves students comprehension Direct Computer-assisted Keep word banks Domain knowledge Retention is critical Assume greater knowledge than have
7. Motivation increases when students play active role (Vaughn et al., 2000) Self-monitoring Did I understand this? Self-questioning? How does this relate to Summarizing I have learned Written questions Teacher made Provide alternate modes for answering
8. Cooperative Learning Several research studies have demonstrated the benefits of cooperative learning (e.g., Gersten et al, 2001). Mixed group accountability
9. Instructional Pedagogy Primary Elements (Swanson, 1999) Daily review of previously covered material Teacher statement of objectives Presentation of new material Teacher guided students practice Independent practice evaluation
10. Simple Suggestions Self-Adjustable Eyeglass Lenses “In developed countries, getting glasses is a simple matter: Visit an optometrist, get a prescription and have it filled at a corner store. Not so in the developing, world, where…
11. Self-adjustable Eyeglass Lenses Visual More than 7 letters domain knowledge or concept Receptive language Have greater receptive vocabulary than reading one “In developed countries, getting glasses is a simple matter: Visit an optometrist, get a prescription and have it filled at a corner store. Not so in the developing, world, where…
