"End-to-end Interoperability and Mobile Services" Presentation to the Chinese National Science Academy, January 2003.

1. End-to-End and Interoperability
John Loughney
Research Manager
8 January 2003
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2. Vision
DSL
Multi-radio mobile
access
GSM/GPRS
Session mobility
WLAN Access to SIP
services
WCDMA
For phones, laptops and PDAs
Same authentication
Same end-to-end security
Same applications
Same service provider
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Same bill

3. Thriving vs. Withering Services
• Other potental titles
• Maximizing Service Potential Require Interoperability
• New service take-off requires interoperability
• Useful services require interoperability
• Non-interoperability = withering service
• Implications
• Need large pool of potential users
• Interoperability is key
• User uncertainty of outcome is a problem.
• No need to have group solutions at the beginning of the graph.
• Simple services available to a large pool can create complex behaviors.
• Interoperability with non-mobile devices
• Network Layer Interoperability
• Service Layer Interoperability
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4. Global SMS Growth
USA
(AWS, Cingular, T-Mobile, Verizon)
1Q2002: 820 Million SMS’s
2Q2002: 1,600 Million SMS's
The main reason behind the
numbers is interoperability.
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5. IP Building Blocks Are Needed
• Trends
• Initial implementations of IP support specific services
• Soon multiple applications using IP stack (not at same time)
• Multiple applications using IP stack concurrently
• What is needed
• IPv6 in every phone
• Open API’s
• Interoperability
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6. How Data Services Can Fail
• Mobile services should be:
• Services on the move -> always on services – enables reachability
• Person-to-person services
• Service should be the same with or without operators
• Radio Bearer Independent
• But
• Charging models may prevent service usage
• Parallel services may not be possible initially, impacting usability
• Implementations not supporting this
• Interoperability issues
• Need short period for any transition periods
• Get majority of terminals supporting TCP/IP
• Are walled-gardens needed to protect operators
• Interoperability can be a revenue stream
• What risks are there to Nokia if terminals are not interoperable?
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7. Threats
• Multiple technologies, multiple deployments create user & operator
confusion.
• Business model problems – Walled Gardens proliferate.
• Incompatible IP versions
• 3GPP uses IPv6
• 3GPP2 uses IPv4
• Interworking problem?
• Incompatible SIP versions, may be related to business models
• IETF SIP (i.e. – supported by Microsoft)
• 3GPP SIP
• 3GPP2 SIP
• Many of these points are inter-related.
• Market segmentation may lead to slow user pickup.
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8. Data Revenues
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9. UK WAP use: 340m pages / month
• By ComputerWire
• Posted: 31/10/2002 at 09:29 GMT
• WAP mobile internet usage on the UK's networks
topped 340 million page impressions in
September, according to the Mobile Data
Association. The figures may well come as
surprise to WAP skeptics, who have largely
viewed the technology as failing to inspire much
consumer interest after its initial hype.
• The MDA will report figures monthly on behalf of
the UK's four GSM operators: Orange, O2,
Vodafone and T-Mobile. It also plans to releases
quarterly figures for the number of WAP-enabled
handsets in circulation on the four networks.
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11. Evolution to WAP 2.0
• Mobile browsing is based on WAP 2.0: TCP/IP and xHTML
• xHTML provides fully graphical content presentation
• TCP/IP creates discontinuity: Browsing and MMS require
WAP gateway upgrade.
• TCP/IP is important enabler for rich 2.5-3G multimedia
services
• Content handling framework, e.g. XHTML –> WML
• TCP/IP enables higher bandwidth and max MMS message
size
• TCP/IP provides greater security e.g. for banking services
• Nokia TCP/IP phones will be available worldwide
2Q/2003
• We can say that "We expect TCP/IP to happen end-to-end
around mid-2003."
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12. Why xHTML
• WAP and W3C are collaborating on markup language
convergence
• Convergence platform is XHTML Basic
• XHTML is next-generation version of HTML based on XML
• Basic content can be shared across mobile phones, PDAs, desktop
computers, TVs & pagers
WML
XML
TV PC PDA ...
WML
XHTML Basic
XML
HTML
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13. Conclusions
Need interoperable services.
• Enabling convergence will boost the Mobile Services business.
• Technologies are available (IP, SIP)
• Initially focus on enabling these technologies as opposed to finding the
killer application or service.
• Need IP stack in every phone -> TCP/IP is there, let’s use it
But
• Careful design to avoid incompatibility of different versions
• IPv4/IPv6
• IMS-SIP, Internet SIP
• How to execute IP connectivity over different bearers.
• Allow different business models, but not with incompatibility.
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