2. Chapter Introduction Section 1 Early Humans Section 2 Mesopotamian Civilization Section 3 The First Empires Reading Review Chapter Assessment The First Civilizations Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

3. The First Civilizations

8. Early Humans Early Humans (pages 9 – 11)

14. How did spoken language help the Paleolithic people? Language made it easier for people to work together and pass on knowledge. Early Humans

19. Why was farming important to the Neolithic people? Farming allowed people to settle in one place, and it provided a steady food supply. Early Humans

20. Explain Why were Paleolithic people nomads? They moved around to hunt animals and gather other foods. Early Humans

30. What effect did irrigation have on the people of Mesopotamia? Irrigation allowed farmers to grow plenty of food. More food meant more people could be fed, so the population grew. Mesopotamian Civilization

35. What is civilization? a complex society with cities, an organized government, art, religion, a system of writing, and class divisions Mesopotamian Civilization

36. a set of laws that the Babylonian leader Hammurabi established for his empire What was the Code of Hammurabi? Mesopotamian Civilization

47. What made Babylon the world’s richest city? Being on a major trade route meant merchants and artisans benefited from trade. The city also had beautiful structures, such as the Hanging Gardens and the Ishtar Gate. The First Empires

48. The First Empires Why was the Assyrian army a powerful fighting force? It had a well-organized army with advanced weapons.

52. Click the map to view an interactive version.

54. The Chaldeans in today’s Iraq still speak Aramaic, the language of ancient Babylon. The First Empires

55. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1–2 Chapter 1