ME 201 Strategic Management of an Engineeting Enmterprise PSU Urdaneta City

1. G8
Engr. Manuel A. Cabading
Resource Person
ME 210 Strategic Management in Engineering Enterprise
PSU, Urdaneta City

2. Member facts
G8-countries represent 8 of 13 top-ranked leading export countries.
6 of 10 top-ranked countries with the largest gold reserves (USA, Germany,
Italy, France, Russia and Japan.)
6 of 10 largest major stock exchanges by traded value and market
capitalization
8 of 10 top-ranked economies (by nominal GDP) of the world, according to
latest (2011 data) International Monetary Fund's statistics.
5 of 20 top-ranked countries generating a nominal GDP per capita above
US$40,000 (Canada, USA, Japan, France, Germany), from the same 2011
IMF data.
5 countries with a sovereign wealth fund, administered by either a
national or a state/provincial government (Russia, USA, France, Canada,
Italy).
8 of 30 top-ranked nations with large amounts of foreign –exchange
reserves in their central banks
4 out of 9 countries having nuclear weapons (France, Russia, UK, USA)

3. Member facts
3 countries that have nuclear weapons sharing programs (Canada,
Germany, Italy).
3 of the world's top-10 largest oil producers (Russia, USA and
Canada)
2 countries with the third and eighth largest oil reserves (Canada
and Russia respectively) are in the G8
7 of the 9 largest nuclear energy producers (USA, France, Japan,
Russia, Germany, Canada, UK), even though Germany will wean
itself from nuclear power by 2022. As with Japan, it shut down all of
its nuclear reactors because of the earthquake in 2011; the first
time the nation has gone nuclear-free since 1970.
the 7 largest donors to the UN budget for the 2011 annual fiscal
year (U.S., Japan, Germany, UK, France, Italy, Canada.)

4. Economy of the United Kingdom
Statistics
$2.480 trillion (2011)[1]
(nominal; 7th)
7th (nominal) GDP
/ 8th (PPP) $2.253 trillion (2011)[2]
Rank (3rd and 2nd (PPP; 8th)
in Europe -0.5% in Q2, 2012 (ONS)
respectively) GDP growth 0.2% projected for 2012
Pound (IMF)[3]
Currency
sterling (GBP) $39,600 (2011)[2](nom;
6 April – 5 20th)
Fiscal year GDP per capita
April $36,000 (2011)[2](PPP;
EU, BCN, 17th)
Trade
OECD and agriculture: 0.7%,
organisations
WTO GDP by sector industry: 21%, services:
78% (2011 est.)[4]

5. CPI:2.5%, RPI 2.9%% (August
Inflation (CPI) 2012,falling)Inflation has fell from a
peak of 5.2% CPI in September 2011.
Population 14% with household income below 60%
below poverty line of UK median income (2006 est.)
Gini coefficient 0.36 (2008)[5]
Labour force 31.7 million (2011 est.) (17th)
Labour force agriculture: 1.4%, industry: 18%,
by occupation services: 80% (2006 est.)
Unemployment 8% (2.6 million)
Average gross salary €4,108 / $5,546, monthly (2006)[6]
Average net salary €2,749 / $3,712, monthly (2006)[6]
Main industries List[show]
Ease of Doing Business Rank 7th[7]

6. External
Exports £428.6 billion (2010)[8]
Manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals,
food stuffs, beverages, tobacco, clothes,
cars, military equipment,
Export goods entertainment, steel, computer
software, finance, banking, electrical
goods, electronics, machinery,
pharmaceutical products
United States 14.3%, Germany 10.5%,
Netherlands 8.0%, France 7.2%, Ireland
Main export partners 6.0%, Belgium and Luxembourg 5.1%,
Spain 3.7%, Italy 3.3%, China 3.2%
(2010, not including services)[8]

7. Imports £477.9 billion (2010)[8]
Import goods manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs
Germany 12.5%, China 8.4%, United States 7.6%,
Netherlands 7.3%, France 6.0%, Norway 5.7%,
Main import partners
Belgium and Luxembourg 5.0%, Italy 3.9%, Ireland
3.4% (2010, not including services)[8]
FDI stock $1.169 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)
Gross external debt $8.981 trillion (30 June 2010) (2nd)

8. Rank Country Population Date % of world population
United Official
22 62,262,000 July 1, 2010 0.88%
Kingdom estimate
Prime Minister David Cameron

9. Economy of the United Kingdom
Canary Wharf business district in London

10. The economy of the United Kingdom is the seventh-largest national
economy in the world measured by nominal GDP and eighth-largest
measured by purchasing power parity (PPP), and the third-largest in
Europe measured by nominal GDP (after Germany and France) and second-
largest measured by PPP (after Germany). The UK's GDP per capita is the
22nd highest in the world in nominal terms and the 22nd highest measured
by PPP. The British economy comprises (in descending order of size) the
economies of the countries of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern
Ireland.
The UK has one of the world's most globalised economies.[18] London is the
world's largest financial centre alongside New York[19][20][21] and has the
largest city GDP in Europe.[22] As of December 2010 the UK had the third-
largest stock of both inward and outward foreign direct investment (in
each case after the United States and France).[23][24] The aerospace industry
of the UK is the second- or third-largest national aerospace industry,
depending upon the method of measurement.[25][26] The pharmaceutical
industry plays an important role in the UK economy and the country has
the third-highest share of global pharmaceutical R&D expenditures (after
the United States and Japan).[27][28] The British economy is boosted by
North Sea oil and gas reserves, valued at an estimated £250 billion in
2007.[29]

11. Sectors
Agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing
A combine harvester is use in Scotland
Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanised, and efficient by European
standards, producing about 60% of food needs,[53] with less than 1.6% of
the labour force (535,000 workers).[53] It contributes around 0.6% of
British national value added.[53] Around two-thirds of the production is
devoted to livestock, one-third to arable crops.[53] Agriculture is
subsidised by the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy.

12. Manufacturing
A Rolls-Royce Trent 900 aircraft jet engine
The aerospace industry of the UK is the second- or third-largest aerospace
industry in the world, depending upon the method of measurement.[25][26]
The industry employs around 113,000 people directly and around 276,000
indirectly and has an annual turnover of around £20 billion.[59][60] British
companies with a major presence in the industry include BAE Systems (the
world's second-largest defence contractor)[61] and Rolls-Royce (the world's
second-largest aircraft engine maker).[62] Foreign aerospace companies active
in the UK include EADS and its Airbus subsidiary, which employs over 13,000
people in the UK.[63]

13. Education, Health
and Social Work
The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham,
a major NHS hospital
In 2008 the education, health and social work sector had a total gross value
added of around £170 billion, of which around £145 billion was
compensation to employees.[54]
In 2008 education had a gross value added of around £76 billion.[54] In
2007/08 higher education institutions in the UK had a total income of £23
billion and employed a total of 169,995 staff.[82] In 2007/08 there were
2,306,000 higher education students in the UK (1,922,180 in England,
210,180 in Scotland, 125,540 in Wales and 48,200 in Northern Ireland).[82]

14. Financial and
Business Services
The City of London is the world's largest
financial centre alongside New York
This industry added gross value of £86,145 million to the UK economy in
2004.[54] The UK's exports of financial and business services make a
significant positive contribution towards the country's balance of payments.
London is a major centre for international business and commerce and is one
of the three "command centres" of the global economy (alongside New York
City and Tokyo).[19][21][83][84] There are over 500 banks with offices in London,
and it is the leading international centre for banking, insurance, Eurobonds,
foreign exchange trading and energy futures. London's financial services
industry is primarily based in the City of London and Canary Wharf.

15. Real Estate and Renting Activities
The UK property market boomed for
the seven years up to 2008 and in
some areas property trebled in value
over that period. The increase in
property prices had a number of
causes: low interest rates, credit
The Trafford Centre shopping
complex in Manchester; it was sold growth, economic growth, rapid
for £1.6 billion in 2011 in the largest growth in buy to-let property
property sale in British history[95] investment, foreign property
investment in London and planning
restrictions on the supply of new
housing.

16. Transport, Storage and
The UK has a radial road network of 46,904
communication kilometres (29,145 mi) of main roads, with a
motorway network of 3,497 kilometres
(2,173 mi). There are a further 213,750
kilometres (132,818 mi) of paved roads.
There is a railway infrastructure company
Network Rail, with train operating
companies including foreign state owned
companies including Deutsche Bahn AG of
16,116 km (10,014 mi) in Great Britain and
303 route km (189 route mi) in Northern
Ireland run by Northern Ireland Railways,
which carries over 18,000 passenger trains
and 1,000 freight trains per day. Urban rail
Heathrow Terminal 5 building. London networks are well developed in Glasgow,
Heathrow Airport has the most Liverpool and London as well as other cities.
international passenger traffic of any Plans are now being considered to build new
airport in the world.[98][99] high speed lines by 2025.
0

17. Rank 3rd
Economy of Japan
Currency Japanese Yen (JPY)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March
APEC, WTO, OECD,
Trade organisations
G-20, G8 and others
Statistics
Statistics
$5.869 trillion (2011 est.) (nominal;
GDP 3rd)
$4.440 trillion (2011 est.) (PPP; 4th)
GDP growth 1.4% ( Q2 2012)
$45,920 (2011 est.) (nominal; 18th)
GDP per capita
$34,740 (2011 est.) (PPP; 24th)
agriculture: 1.2%, industry: 27.3%,
GDP by sector
services: 71.6% (2011 est.)

18. Economy of Japan
Inflation (CPI) 0.3% (April 2011)[1]
Population
15.7%[2]
below poverty line
Gini coefficient 38.1 (2002)
Labour force 65.93 million (2011 est.)
Labour force agriculture: 3.9%, industry: 26.2%,
by occupation services: 69.8% (2010 est.)
Unemployment 4.6% (2011 est.)[1]
among world's largest and
technologically advanced producers of
motor vehicles, electronic equipment,
Main industries
machine tools, steel and nonferrous
metals, ships, chemicals, textiles,
processed foods
Ease of Doing Business Rank 20th[3]

19. Economy of Japan External
Exports $788 billion (2011 est.)
motor vehicles 13.6%; semiconductors
6.2%; iron and steel products 5.5%; auto
Export goods
parts 4.6%; plastic materials 3.5%; power
generating machinery 3.5%
China 19.7%, US 15.5%, South Korea 8%,
Main export partners
Hong Kong 5.2%, Thailand 4.6% (2011)
Imports $808.4 billion (2011 est.)
petroleum 15.5%; liquid natural gas 5.7%;
Import goods clothing 3.9%; semiconductors 3.5%; coal
3.5%; audio and visual apparatus 2.7%
China 21.5%, US 8.9%, Australia 6.6%,
Main import partners Saudi Arabia 5.9%, UAE 5%, South Korea
4.7% (2011)
FDI stock $161.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Gross external debt $2.719 trillion (30 June 2011)
Main data source: CIA World Fact Book
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars

20. Economy of Japan
Rank Country Population Date % of world population
Sept. 1, Official
10 Japan 127,520,000 1.81%
2012 Estimate
Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda

21. Economy of Japan
Financial Center in Tokyo

22. The economy of Japan is the third largest national economy in the world
[8] after the United States and the People's Republic of China and is the
world's second largest developed economy [9] According to the
International Monetary Fund, the country's per capita GDP (PPP) was at
$34,739 or the 25th highest in 2011. Japan is a member of Group of Eight.
Japanese economy can be fore-casted by Quarterly Tankan survey of
business sentiment by the Bank of Japan.[10]
Japan is the world's 3rd largest automobile manufacturing country, has
the largest electronics goods industry, and is often ranked among the
world's most innovative countries leading several measures of global
patent filings.[11] Facing increasing competition from China and South
Korea, manufacturing in Japan today now focuses primarily on high-tech
and precision goods, such as optical equipment, hybrid cars, and robotics.
Japan is the world's largest creditor nation,[12] generally running an
annual trade surplus and having a considerable net international
investment surplus. As of 2010, Japan possesses 13.7% of the world's
private financial assets (the 2nd largest in the world) at an estimated
$14.6 trillion.[13] As of 2011, 68 of the Fortune 500 companies are based
in Japan.

23. Infrastructure
Dozens of Japanese railway
companies compete in regional and
local passenger transportation
markets; for instance, 7 JR
enterprises, Kintetsu Corporation,
Seibu Railway, and Keio
Corporation. Often, strategies of
these enterprises contain real
Shinkansen N700 Series (240-300 km/h) estate or department stores next to
stations. Some 250 high-speed
Shinkansen trains connect major
cities. All trains are known for
punctuality.

24. Infrastructure
Japan's road spending has been large.[25] The 1.2 million kilometers of
paved road are the main means of transportation.[26] Japan has left-hand
traffic. A single network of speed, divided, limited-access toll roads
connects major cities and are operated by toll-collecting enterprises. New
and used cars are inexpensive. Car ownership fees and fuel levies are used
to promote energy-efficiency.
There are 176 airports and flying is a popular way to travel between cities.
The largest domestic airport, Tokyo International Airport, is Asia's second
busiest airport. The largest international gateways are Narita International
Airport (Tokyo area), Kansai International Airport (Osaka/Kobe/Kyoto
area), and Chūbu Centrair International Airport(Nagoya area). The largest
ports include Nagoya Port

25. Services
Japan Airlines, though faced with massive debts as of 2010, is considered one of
the largest airlines in the world.
Japan's service sector accounts for about three-quarters of its total economic
output. Banking, insurance, real estate, retailing, transportation, and
telecommunications are all major industries such as Mitsubishi UFJ, Mizuho, NTT,
TEPCO, Nomura, Mitsubishi Estate, Tokio Marine, Mitsui Sumitomo, JR East, Seven
& I, and Japan Airlines counting as one of the largest companies in the world. The
Koizumi government set Japan Post, one of the country's largest providers of
savings and insurance services for privatization by 2014. The six major keiretsus are
the Mitsubishi, Sumitomo, Fuyo, Mitsui, Dai-Ichi Kangyo and Sanwa Groups. Japan
is home to 326 companies from the Forbes Global 2000 or 16.3% (as of 2006).

26. Industry
Lexus LS. The rapid growth and success of Toyota's Lexus and other Japanese
automakers reflects Japan's strength and global dominance in the automobile
industry. Japanese manufacturing is very diversified, with a variety of advanced
industries that are highly successful.
Industry is concentrated in several regions, in the following order of importance:
the Kantō region surrounding Tokyo, especially the prefectures of Chiba,
Kanagawa, Saitama and Tokyo (the Keihin industrial region); the Tōkai region,
including Aichi, Gifu, Mie, and Shizuoka prefectures (the Chukyo-Tokai industrial
region); Kinki (Kansai), including Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, (the Hanshin industrial
region); the southwestern part of Honshū and northern Shikoku around the Seto
Inland Sea (the Setouchi industrial region); and the northern part of Kyūshū
(Kitakyūshū). In addition, a long narrow belt of industrial centers is found
between Tokyo and Fukuoka, established by particular industries, that have
developed as mill towns.

27. Agriculture
Rice is a very important crop in Japan as shown here in a rice paddy in Kurihara,
Miyagi.
Only 12% of Japan's land is suitable for cultivation. Due to this lack of arable
land, a system of terraces is used to farm in small areas. This results in one of
the world's highest levels of crop yields per unit area, with an overall
agricultural self-sufficiency rate of about 50% on fewer than 56,000 km² (14
million acres) cultivated.
Japan's small agricultural sector, however, is also highly subsidized and
protected, with government regulations that favor small-scale cultivation
instead of large-scale agriculture as practiced in North America.

28. Economy of the United States of America
1st(nominal) /
Rank
1st(PPP)
Currency US$ (USD)
Statistics
October 1 –
Fiscal year $15.586 trillion
September 30 GDP
(June 2012)[1][2]
2.1% (June 2011–
GDP growth
June 2012) [1][2]
$48,450 (2011)[3][4]
GDP per capita (14th, nominal;
6th, PPP)
agriculture: 1.2%,
industry: 19.2%,
GDP by sector
services: 79.6%
(2011 est.)

29. Inflation (CPI) 1.7% (August 2011–August 2012) [5][6]
Population
15.1% (2010)[7]
below poverty line
Gini coefficient 0.468 (List of countries) [8]
154.6 million (includes 12.544 mil.
Labor force
unemployed, August 2012)[9]
farming, forestry, and fishing: 0.7%
manufacturing, extraction, transportation,
Labor force and crafts: 20.3% managerial, professional,
by occupation and technical: 37.3% sales and office: 24.2%
other services: 17.6%
note: figures exclude the unemployed (2009)
Unemployment 8.1% (August 2012)[9] (-0.2%)
Average gross salary $4003 monthly (2011)
highly diversified, world leading, high-
technology innovator, second largest
industrial output in world; petroleum, steel,
Main industries motor vehicles, aerospace,
telecommunications, chemicals, electronics,
food processing, consumer goods, lumber,
mining
Ease of Doing Business Rank 4th[10]

30. External
Exports $1.497 trillion (2011 est.)[11]
agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn)
9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals)
26.8%, capital goods (transistors, aircraft,
Export goods motor vehicle parts, computers,
telecommunications equipment) 49.0%,
consumer goods (automobiles, medicines)
15.0%
Canada 19%, Mexico 13.3%, China 7%, Japan
Main export partners
4.5% (2011)
Imports $2.236 trillion (2011 est.)[11]
agricultural products 4.9%, industrial
supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods
30.4% (computers, telecommunications
Import goods equipment, motor vehicle parts, office
machines, electric power machinery),
consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles,
clothing, medicines, furniture, toys)
China 18.4%, Canada 14.2%, Mexico 11.7%,
Main import partners
Japan 5.8%, Germany 4.4% (2011)
FDI stock $2.398 trillion (December 31, 2009 est.)

31. Rank Country Population Date % of world population
United Official
3 States of 314,497,000 Oct. 2, 2012 4.47% Population
America Clock
President Barack Obama
President of the G8 for 2012

32. Economy of the United States of America
New York City, financial center of the United States

33. Economy of the United States of America
The economy of the United States is the world's largest national economy. Its
nominal GDP was estimated to be over $15 trillion in 2011,approximately a
quarter of nominal global GDP.[4] Its GDP at purchasing power parity is the
largest in the world, approximately a fifth of global GDP at purchasing power
parity.[4] The U.S. economy also maintains a very high level of output. The
U.S. is one of the world's wealthiest nations with per capita GDP (PPP) of
$48,450, the 6th highest in the world.[3] The U.S. is the largest trading nation
in the world. Its four largest export trading partners are as of 2010: Canada,
Mexico, China, and Japan.
The economy of the United States is a mixed economy[19][20] and has
maintained a stable overall GDP growth rate, a moderate unemployment rate,
and high levels of research and capital investment. It has been the world's
largest national economy (not including colonial empires) since at least the
1890s. Most of the economy is classified as services. As of 2012, the country
remains the world's largest manufacturer, representing a fifth of the global
manufacturing output. Of the world's 500 largest companies, 133 are
headquartered in the United States. This is twice the total of any other country.

34. Employment
There are 4,352 colleges, universities, and junior colleges in the United States
. In 2007, Americans stood second only to Canada in the percentage of 35 to
64 year olds holding at least two-year degrees. Among 25 to 34 year olds, the
two-year degree rate is the tenth highest. In 2003 a Supreme Court decision
concerning affirmative action in universities allowed educational institutions
to consider race as a factor in admitting students. The labour market in the
United States has attracted immigrants from all over the world and its net
migration rate is among the highest in the world.
For example, the brain drain from Europe to the United States means that
some 400,000 European science and technology graduates now live in the
U.S. Nearly 14 million immigrants came to the United States from 2000 to
2010. More than 40 percent of the 2010 Fortune 500 companies were
founded by immigrants or their children. They founded seven of the ten most
valuable brands in the world.

35. There are approximately 154.4 million employed individuals in the US. Government is
the largest employment sector with 22 million. Small businesses are the largest
employer in the country representing 53% of US workers. The second largest share of
employment belongs to large businesses that employ 38% of the US workforce. The
private sector employs 91% of Americans. Government accounts for 8% of all US
workers. Over 99% of all employing organizations in the US are small businesses. The 30
million small businesses in the U.S. account for 64% of newly created jobs (those
created minus those lost). Jobs in small businesses accounted for 70% of those created
in the last decade. The proportion of Americans employed by small business versus
large business has remained relatively the same year by year as some small businesses
become large businesses and just over half of small businesses survive more than 5
years.[ Amongst large businesses, several of the largest companies and employers in the
world are American companies. Amongst them are Walmart, the largest company and
the largest private sector employer in the world, which employs 2.1 million people
world-wide and 1.4 million in the US alone.
In April 2010, the official unemployment rate was 9.9%, but the government’s broader
U-6 unemployment rate was 17.1%.In the period between February 2008 and February
2010, the number of people working part-time for economic reasons has increased by 4
million to 8.8 million, an 83% increase in part-time workers during the two-year period.

36. Research,
Development,
and entrepreneurship
The late Steve Jobs and Bill Gates
were two of the best-known
American entrepreneurs.
Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur, which can be defined as "one
who undertakes innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform
innovations into economic goods". This may result in new organizations or may be
part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The
most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new businesses (referred
as Startup Company); however, in recent years, the term has been extended to
include social and political forms of entrepreneurial activity. When entrepreneurship
is describing activities within a firm or large organization it is referred to as intra-
preneurship and may include corporate venturing, when large entities spin-off
organizations.

37. Composition
Boeing 747-8 wing-fuselage sections
during final assembly.
The United States is the world's largest manufacturer, with a 2009 industrial output of
US$2.33 trillion. Its manufacturing output is greater than of Germany, France, India,
and Brazil combined. Main industries include petroleum, steel, automobiles,
construction machinery, aerospace, agricultural machinery, telecommunications,
chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, and mining. The US
leads the world in airplane manufacturing, which represents a large portion of US
industrial output. American companies such as Boeing, Cessna (see: Textron),
Lockheed Martin (see: Skunk Works), and General Dynamics produce a vast majority
of the world's civilian and military aircraft in factories stretching across the United
States.

38. Notable Companies and Markets
A typical Walmart discount
department store (location: Laredo, In 2011, the 20 largest U.S.-based
Texas). companies by revenue were
Walmart, ExxonMobil, Chevron,
ConocoPhillips, Fannie Mae,
General Electric, Berkshire
Hathaway, General Motors, Ford
Motor Company and Hewlett-
Packard, AT&T, Cargill, McKesson
Corporation, Bank of America,
Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, Apple Inc., Verizon,
JPMorgan Chase, and Cardinal
Health.

39. In 2011, four of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization were
American: Exxon Mobil, Apple Inc., Chevron Corporation, and Microsoft.
According to Fortune Global 500 2011, the ten largest U.S. employers were Walmart,
U.S. Postal Service, IBM, UPS, McDonald's, Target Corporation, Kroger, Home Depot,
General Electric, and Sears Holdings.
Apple, Google, IBM, McDonald's, and Microsoft are the world's five most valuable
brands in an index published by Millward Brown.
A 2012 Deloitte report published in STORES magazine indicated that of the world's
top 250 largest retailers by retail sales revenue in fiscal year 2010, 32% of those
retailers were based in the United States, and those 32% accounted for 41% of the
total retail sales revenue of the top 250.Amazon.com is the world's largest online
retailer.
Half of the world's 20 largest semiconductor manufacturers by sales were American-
origin in 2011.
Most of the world's largest charitable foundations were founded by Americans.
American producers create nearly all of the world's highest-grossing films. Many of
the world's best-selling music artists are based in the United States. U.S. tourism
sector welcomes approximately 60 million international visitors every year.

40. Energy, Transportation, and Telecommunications
Port of Houston, one of the largest
ports in the United States.

41. The United States is the second largest energy consumer in total use The U.S. ranks
seventh in energy consumption per-capita after Canada and a number of other
countries The majority of this energy is derived from fossil fuels: in 2005, it was
estimated that 40% of the nation's energy came from petroleum, 23% from coal, and
23% from natural gas. Nuclear power supplied 8.4% and renewable energy supplied
6.8%, which was mainly from hydroelectric dams although other renewables are
included American dependence on oil imports grew from 24% in 1970 to 65% by the
end of 2005. At that rate of unchecked import growth, the US would have been 70%
to 75% reliant on foreign oil by about 2015.] Transportation has the highest
consumption rates, accounting for approximately 68.9% of the oil used in the United
States in 2006, and 55% of oil use worldwide as documented in the Hirsch report.
In 2011, the United States imported 3,324 million barrels of crude oil, compared to
3,377 million barrels in 2010. While the U.S. is the largest importer of fuel, the Wall
Street Journal reported in 2011 that the country was about to become a net fuel
exporter for the first time in 62 years. The paper reported expectations that this
would continue until 2020. In fact, petroleum was the major export from the country
in 2011.
Internet was developed in the U.S. and the country hosts many of the world's largest
hubs.

42. Finance
Measured by value of its listed companies' securities,
the New York Stock Exchange is more than three times
larger than any other stock exchange in the world. As of
October 2008, the combined capitalization of all
domestic NYSE listed companies was US$10.1 trillion.
NASDAQ is another American stock exchange and the
world's 3rd largest exchange after the New York Stock
Exchange and Japan's Tokyo Stock Exchange. However
NASDAQ's trade value is larger than Japan's TSE.
NASDAQ is the largest electronic screen-based equity
securities trading market in the U.S. With
approximately 3,800 companies and corporations, it has
The New York Stock
more trading volume per hour than any other stock
Exchange is the largest
exchange.
stock exchange in the
world.

43. REFERENCES:
•1^ a b "National Economic Trends (Nominal GDP)" (PDF). Federal Reserve
Bank of St. Louis. October 26, 2012. p. 24. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
•2^ a b Gross Domestic Product. 2011 Final Estimate, Bureau of Economic
Analysis, retrieved April 7, 2012
•3^ a b c "Gross national income per capita 2011, Atlas method and PPP" (PDF).
World Bank. July 9, 2012. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
•4^ a b c d "United States". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved April 22,
2012.
•5^ "National Economic Trends (Consumer Price Index)" (PDF). Federal
Reserve Bank of St. Louis. October 12, 2012. p. 28. Retrieved October 14,
2012.
•6^ "Consumer Price Index Summary". Bureau of Labor Statistics. August 2012.
Retrieved October 14, 2012.
•7^ "Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States:
2010" (PDF). September 2011. pp. 14–15.
•8^ "Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States:
2009". Newsroom. United States Census Bureau. 2009.
•9^ a b "Economic News Release: Employment Situation Summary Table A.
Household data, seasonally adjusted". BLS.gov. October 5, 2012. Retrieved
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