Pet Projects for 2014 worth P2.268-trillion

L/O/G/O
www.themegallery.com
DM Information Technology Management
Presented to:
Dr. Jo Bitonio
Professor
Presented by:
Michael John D. Sison
Master in Development Management
(Public Management)
Development Application & E-Governance
September 14 & 21, 2013
Pangasinan State University
(Urdaneta City Campus)

Topic Outline:
I. Reinventing Government in the Information Age
II. People‘s Participation, Consensus Building, and
Transparency through ICTs: Issues and Challenges
for Governance in the Philippines
III. Shaping Organization Form Communication,
Connection and Community
IV. ICTs and Employment: the Problem of Job Quality

I. Reinventing Government in the
Information Age
• Reinventing government in
the information age‘ means
delivering of the ongoing
reform components which
are Increased efficiency,
Decentralization, Increased
accountability, Improved
resource management and
Mercerization) with a more
overt role for information and
with greater use of
information technology
(Heeks, Richard, 2001).

Reform components:
• Efficiency Improvement – Processes and
procedures modification to increase quality
output, application of statistical quality control,
implementation of citizen‘s satisfaction surveys,
etc.
• Decentralization - excellent decision assembly,
knowledge in corporate and/or government
directives and uniformity of policies and
regulations.
• Increased Performance & Resource Management -
Clear policy emphasis on development and
resource availability alterations, updated
employee and management training, updated
government materials, equipment and facilities.

Reform components:
• Ability in Mercerization - Excellent market strategy,
knowledge in e-Commerce, excellent planning and
organizational strategy.
• Accountability - Honest and true government
service, service-oriented and prompt provision,
courtesy and ownership towards citizens concern.

Definition of Terms
• Public sector reform is generally defined as the
change within public sector organizations that
seeks to improve their performance.
• ‗Information Age,’ is synonymous with emergence
of an ‗information economy,‘ information society‘
or ‗post-industrial society.‘
• Information Technology (IT) defined as computing
and telecommunications technologies that provide
automatic means of handling information.
• Information Systems (IS) defined as the systems of
human and technology components that accept,
store, process, output and transmit information.

General features of the
information age:
• the increasing importance of information, including
the increasing visibility and value of information
systems
• the increasing use of information technology

Government Reinvention
Reinventing government in
the information age should
mean two things that are
different:
• a much greater (i.e. more
overt) role for information
and information systems in
the processes of change;
and
• a much greater (i.e. more
widely employed) role for
information technology in
the processes of change.

Examples of information technology-
supported reform
IT does bring change and has three basic
change potentials within reform:
• Supplant – automatic existing human-executed
processes which involve accepting, storing,
processing, outputting or transmitting information
(e.g. automation of existing clerical function).
• Support – assist existing human-executed processes.
For example, assisting existing processes of
government decision making, communication and
decision implementation.
• Innovate – create new IT-executed processes or
support new human –executed process. For
example, creating new service delivery.

IT can bring four main benefits
to the reform processes:
• Cheaper – producing the same outputs at lower total cost.
• More – producing more outputs at the same total cost.
• Quicker – producing the same outputs at the same total cost
in the same time, but to a higher quality standard.
• For the first time – producing new outputs.

Proposed 2014 budget allows
solons to use pork barrel for Internet
access
Malacañang has submitted to Congress a proposed P2.268-
trillion budget for 2014 national budget which contains an option
for legislators to provide free Internet access in public places
using their Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF).
CT Office (ICTO) is hoping to kick start the use TV White
Space technologies – unused TV channels — to reach far-flung
areas of the country. ICTO is looking at using the fund to conduct
the pilot test of Cloud Top technology, which the agency is
developing in collaboration with the DBM and Department of
Education.

Pet Projects for 2014
worth P2.268-trillion
Proposed 2014 budget allows solons to use
pork barrel for Internet access

DOST bares P9-billion ‘Digital
Empowerment Fund’
Unknown to many in the ICT industry, the national
government has allocated P9 billion as budget for
―Digital Empowerment Fund‖ that can be tapped by
public agencies to procure digital devices for their
use.
One of targeted beneficiaries of the fund, he
said, are the public school teachers who can use their
laptops or tablets to augment their teaching.

The government is currently implementing a host
of IT projects under the iGov initiative, which is under
e-Government masterplan (EGMP). A bigger S&T
blueprint, Smarter Philippines, is also being rolled out
by the DOST (http://newsbytes.ph/2013/07/05/dost-
bares-p9b-digital-empowerment-fund/).

II. People’s participation, consensus building
and transparency through ICTs: Issues and
challenges for governance in the Philippines
• Questions remain on whether
Information and
Communication Technologies
(ICTs) can enable citizens to
be better informed, more
involved and participative in
local governance. At the
heart of every problem is the
question of access. The idea
of access refers to one‘s
ability to reach or obtain
something and it applies to
both the physical and the
virtual kind of access
(Alampay, Erwin 2002).

ICT as a Basic Need, Basic Service
The meaning of basic needs, range from the
―minimum physiological needs‖ (Carino as cited by
Alampay, 2002) to a set of package identified by
Misra and Plantilla (1983, Carino as cited by
Alampay, 2002) which cover the following:
• three basic necessities of life – food, water,
clothing, etc.
• needs which enhance the general welfare of the
people
• needs which improve access to the means of
production and economic opportunities
• needs which give a sense of security and
freedom for decision making, such as human
rights, political participation, social security, social
defense and rule of law.

Access to ICTs
At present, access to ICTs is seen
as a means for promoting good
governance (1) by increasing
transparency, information and
accountability; (2) by facilitating
accurate decision-making and
public participation; and (3) by
enhancing the efficient delivery of
goods and services (2001, Magno
and Serafica as cited by Alampay
in 2002).

The Information Chain (Heeks, 2000)
DATA INFORMATION
GOVERNMENT CITIZENS
ACCESS ASSESS APPLY ACT

The Participation Cycle
Data
Action/Plans/Services
Information
Data
GOVERNMENT
Information
CITIZENS
Feedback/Mobilization
Access Assess Apply Act
Act Apply Assess Access

Number of e-Government
infrastructures in local government
A study conducted by Llago in 2001 (cited by
Alampay in 2002) shows that last July 2001, only 14%
of provinces, 25% of cities and 1% of municipalities
had an online presence in the Internet (refer to
Table 1).

Table 1: Philippine Local Government
Unit Official Websites
Level Total # of
LGUs
LGUs w/
websites %
Inaccessible/und
er construction
Province 79 11 13.9 5
City 113 28 24.8 10
Municipality 1, 496 14 0.93 3
Barangay 42, 000+ 0 0 3
TOTAL 53
It has been said that access remains one of the factors in slow
adoption of Internet, however, availability of skilled personnel who
could put the information on the web may be another issue to
consider.

In terms of automation, however, some local
governments were found to have achieved progress
in real property tax administration, personnel
management, administrative services, and even
geographic information services.

By 2004, however, only three years after the
implementation of the E-commerce Act, almost all
local governments had an online presence (e-LGU
project in 2004 as cited by Siar). Specifically, 97.5
percent of provinces (77 out of 79), 99 percent of
cities (114 out of 115), and 99.7 percent of
municipalities (1,496 out of 1,500) had websites. A
major part of this development could be attributed to
the enactment of the E-commerce Act and the
implementation of subsequent programs to support
the law‘s adoption by government agencies and
LGUs.

Table 2: Distribution of City Government
Websites by Region
Region City websites
(Total)
Accessible
(No.)
Inaccessible
(No.)
Under construction
(No.)
Region 1 8 7 1
Region 2 3 3 0
Region 3 11 10 0 1
Region 4 12 9 2 1
Region 5 7 7 0
Region 6 16 13 3
Region 7 12 12 0
Region 8 4 3 1
Region 9 5 4 1
Region 10 8 8 0
Region 11 5 5 0
Region 12 5 5 0
Region 13 3 3 0

Table 2: Distribution of city government
websites by region
Region
City
websites
(Total)
Accessible
(No.)
Inaccessible
(No.)
Under
construction
(No.)
ARMM 1 1 0
CAR 1 0 1
NCR 13 12 1
Total 114a 102 (89.47%) 10 (8.77%) 2 (1.75%)
A The total number of Philippine city governments is 115 but one city
(i.e. Palayan City) still had no website at the time of study (E-
governance at the Local Government Level in the Philippines: An
Assessment of City Government Websites by Siar, Sheila, Published in
2005).

Analyzing ICT during EDSA I &
EDSA II
EDSA I
EDSA II
OLD FORM OF ICT
NEW FORM OF ICT

ICT during Pres. Estrada’s time
Websites such as www.halalan.com helped people
understand the Philippine electoral process and
inculcate in them the true meaning of suffrage. A mock
election was also conducted online that simulated the
electoral process including the giving the online voters
an ―electronic‖ indelible ink on their ―virtual‖ right
forefinger. Email and short message texting over mobile
phones also became new mediums for educating and
campaigning for (and against) candidates and
programs. SMART telecom during the last national
elections, developed an application wherein voters
were able to determine their precinct numbers by
texting through their cellular phones.

Usage of ICT to oust Pres. Estrada
• Mass actions initiated via the Internet included
the collection of one million signatures in 21 days
through sites like www.eLAGDA.com.ph, which
took advantage of the E-Commerce Act of
Philippines allowing the electronic documents
such as e-mails to be considered legal
documents. Simultaneous to this, TV, radio and
print media also kept close watch on
impeachment trials.

Analyzing ICT during EDSA II &
EDSA III (Based on Alampay, 2002)
EDSA II EDSA III
OLD, TRIED AND TESTED FORM OF ICT
THAT HAVE BEEN USED IN EDSA I & II
NEWEST FORM OF ICT
COMPOSED PRIMARILY
OF THE MIDDLE CLASS
COMPOSED PRIMARILY
THE ‘MASA’ OR POORER
SEGMENTS OF THE
SOCIETY
GENERATION GAP
(e.g. differences in attitudes,
opinions, way of life, etc.)
DIGITAL DIVIDE
(i.e. ‘Have’ versus
‘Have not's
SOCIAL DIVIDE
(i.e. rich and poor,
powerful and weak,
etc.)
Members of the middle
class always can afford it,
they have ways for
connection and access.
Result: SUCCESS
Can the ‘MASA’ afford it?
Do they have the
technical know-how to
access these? Result:
FAILURE

Addressing Access to
Information
To bridge the digital divide and make
participation broader, universal access to ICTs must
be provided. There are four means in accessing the
Internet:
• Organizational access or LAN
• Individual access such as connection to ISPs
• Community access in public institutions and private
internet cafes (Mansell and Steinmueller, as cited
by Alampay in 2002)
• Sustainable connections thru Private Organizations

Government’s access strategies
e-Government efforts began in the late 1960s that resulted in the creation of the
National Computer Center (NCC) in 1971 through Executive Order 322.
In 1994, the government adopted the National Information Plan 2000 or NITP 2000
and created the National Information Technology Council as the central policy
body or ICT matters in the country. This was done in 1994 through EO 190. In its
Government Information Systems Plan (GISP), it stressed the need to address issues
that continue hamper the more rapid growth and wider application of ICTs in the
country.
The Philippines‘ National Computer Center (NCC) considered low-cost, low-end
technology solutions in order to provide poorer people with access to online data
even through DOS-based browsers.
Another option that the government looked in the past was to lease out its existing
network of 672 public calling offices (PCOs) to existing carriers and transform them
into multipurpose telecenters with Internet facilities.
An example of local public access places is the public library in Naga City which
was the first local government-owned library in the country to provide Internet
access to its clients. The city of Naga (www.naga.gov.ph) , has also had an online
presence as early as March 1996 (Robredo, as cited by Alamapay in 2002).

Government’s Access Strategies
A more recent undertaking was initiated in 2000 with the Government Information
System Plan or GISP, which adopted the slogan “Philippine government online.” It
was followed by the establishment of the e-Government Fund of Php 1 billion
annually through the General Appropriations Act of 2003.
A five-year Philippine Digital Strategy (PDS) was launched in 2011 to employ ICT in
the campaign to attain the government agenda and objectives contained in the
―social contract‖ with the people and the Philippine Development Plan for 2011-
2016.
The 470-million-peso iGovPhil Project, launched on 28 June 2012, is one of the
latest projects that seek to achieve a higher level of e-governance or the
application of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) to rationalize
government operations and improve the delivery of goods and services to the
people.
The Integrated Government Philippines (iGovPhil) Project is an essential element in
the implementation of the e-Government Master Plan of 2013-2016, which aims to
improve processes in government to provide better services to both citizens and
businesses, as well as promote public participation.
'Smarter Philippines,' a new umbrella program maximizes the effect of Information
Communications Technology (ICT) to improve the Filipinos' quality of life and spur
economic growth, with its six core areas of Smarter Government, Smarter
Economy, Smarter Environment, Smarter Mobility, Smarter Living and Smarter
People that will address the nation's pressing needs.

Government’s Access Strategies
• Alampay citing the work of Carino in 1983, said that:
―The access strategy is primarily the task of
government but it cannot work without its public
and private organizations‖.
• The role of private and non-governmental
organizations will go beyond the provision of
physical needs to ICTs. They also have a role to play
in processing the data, organizing the public and
providing a platform from which consultations could
be made. They could also serve as filters that make
sure the right information goes to the right person.

The Role of Intermediaries
• Intermediaries, are ―go-betweens‖ that will help
bridge the so-called information divide. They may
be real, and they may be also virtual. Their task will
be to push and retrieve information originating from
government and citizens and vice versa.
Intermediaries such as NGOs, community groups
and religious societies are potential links to
information which government may want to push.

Traditional Intermediaries
CBCP World, was launched as an Internet
Service Provider (ISP) by the Church in the
Philippines to maximize the opportunities of the Net
to ―offer opportunities for evangelization, provide
information dissemination and make possible an
initial encounter with the Christian message
especially among the youth‖ (Jimenez as cited by
Alampay in 2002).
The Social Intermediaries
The use of radio in Quezon (Lucas as cited by
Alampay in 2002) was utilized to educate
communities on agriculture. Distance education is
made interactive by having facilitators available to
answer their queries.

• For any medium or ICT to be successful in
encouraging people‘s participation, it must be able
to reach its target audience, send messages rapidly
and provide venues for discussions. As such,
applications in cellular phones seem closer to
approaching this, as compare to email and
Internet.
• Linking the use of ICTs with traditional methods of
participation and organizing is important in order to
prevent what Heeks (2001) refers to as ‗design-
actuality gaps‘.

Crowdsourcing Act of 2013, soon in PH?
Infographic courtesy of http://www.rappler.com/nation/32869-tg-guingona-crowdsourcing-bill-refiled

• The bill allows social media users to participate in
the lawmaking process, from the filing of the bill,
through the initial public consultations, the
debates, and before the bill‘s approval.
• The Crowdsourcing Act lets netizens comment on
pending bills through e-mail and the Internet, and
gives them access to copies of bills pending before
the Senate and the House of Representatives.
• It also lets people reach lawmakers during the
period of interpellations and debates. Senator TG
Guingona, who, first filed the bill in October 2012,
soliciting suggestions via e-mail and social media to
improve the measure.

While the Crowdsourcing Act is still a proposed
measure, Sen Miriam Defensor Santiago has said
that her Magna Carta for Philippine Internet
Freedom (MCPIF) will become the first law to be
created through crowdsourcing if passed.
The MCPIF aims to establish a framework for
information and communication technology (ICT) in
the Philippines, and to repeal the anti-cybercrime
law.

What is ‘Internet meme’?
An Internet meme is an idea, style or action which spreads, often as
mimicry, from person to person via the Internet , as with imitating the
concept. Some notable examples include: replying to a joke by
writing "LOL!", or posting a photo of people in public places lying
down planking, or uploading a short video of people dancing to the
Harlem Shake.
A meme can be considered a mimicked theme, including simple
phrases or gestures. An Internet meme may take the form of
an image, hyperlink, video, picture, website, or hash tag. It may be
just a word or phrase, including an intentional misspelling . These
small movements tend to spread from person to person via social
networks, blogs, etc. They may relate to various existing Internet
cultures or subcultures. Fads and sensations tend to grow rapidly on
the Internet, because the instant communication facilitates word-of-
mouth transmission.

What is ‘Internet meme’?
The word ―meme" was coined by Richard Dawkins in his 1976
book The Selfish Gene, as an attempt to explain the way
cultural information spreads; Internet memes are a subset of this
general meme concept specific to the culture and
environment of the Internet. In 2013 Dawkins characterized
an Internet meme as being a meme deliberately altered by
human creativity.

Million People March
Currently the biggest street rally created and organized
thru the usage of social media, last August 26.

Conclusion
Because of the digital divide, disparity
between those who will have access to the
information and services that can be delivered
and provided through the Internet will remain.
The experience in EDSA shows the potential
pitfalls of relying solely form of ICT that has not
been fully diffused in society, especially one
where the division between the social classes is
evident.

Conclusion
LGUs can learn from what the church and
universities are doing. There must be strategies to
push the information to people to start the
communication process. Intermediaries that can
relay or broadcast the same information to
citizens will remain crucial, especially if a true
consensus is to be achieved.

Conclusion
• The role of NGOs, religion and other areas where
people converge, be it virtual or real, and the use
of electronic (Anderson, et al, as cited by Alampay
in 2002) and non-electronic media and process,
have a role to play in models for improving
consensus building and transparency.
• Two important things to consider are:
1. Sustainability
2. Real Interactivity

Shaping Organization Form,
Communication, Connection &
Community
Research as proposed that changes in
communication technologies are tightly linked with
changes in organizations. Three perspectives have
arisen to explain the dynamic relationship of
communication technology and organizational
form.

• Technological perspective – emphasizes ways in which
communication have been shown to enable changes in forms
(e.g. telephones, telegraph and mail systems enabled
distributed forms of organization and interorganizational
communication
• Organizational perspective – emphasizes how new
communication technologies are designed or customized the
match organizational forms.
• Emergent perspective – combines technological and
organizational views to focus on communication technologies
as ―occasions‖ for structuring, because technology causes
new options for organization design.

Trends in Communication Technology
and in Organizational Form
Communication Technology
Features of new communication technologies offer important
advancements for organizations.
(i.e. main benefits of ICT as it‘s cheaper, quicker and can
produce new outputs).
FROM ‘PAPER’ TO ‘PAPERLESS’

Many organizations actively design and
implement unique electronic communication
systems rather than simply absorb available
technology from their internal and external
coordination needs, organizational form influences
electronic communication technology.
FROM SNAIL MAIL TO EMAIL
Organizational Form

PCARI
The ICTO appears to be taking the same successful tack
taken by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) last year
when it was able to convince Congress to approve a massive
P1.7-billion funding for the Philippine-California Advanced
Research Institutes (PCARI), which was classified under CHED‘s
locally-funded projects.
The project is said to be patterned after many partnerships
seen in neighboring countries such as those between the
National University of Singapore and Duke University; or Hong
Kong University of Science and Technology with University of
California, Berkeley and Stanford University.

PCARI‘s vision is to develop and create a critical pool of
scientists and research, address pressing issues and market
technologies to other countries.
Under the program, two institutions will be formed: the Institute
for Information Infrastructure Development which will focus on
e-government and e-learning and the Institute for Health,
Innovation and Translational Medicine which will focus on
advancing health care in the Philippines
(http://newsbytes.ph/2013/08/11/2014-budget-to-allow-solons-
to-use-pork-barrel-for-net-access/).

Cloud provider Data One Asia has urged
local businesses to tap cloud technology to
address the challenge of high IT staff
turnover, particularly an off-site IT
infrastructure that can be managed
remotely.
Local recruiters agree that companies lose
highly-skilled IT employees from time to time
to bigger competitors both here and abroad,
which offer more attractive pay packages
and better growth opportunities.
Cloud outsourcing seen as answer
to high IT staff turnover

Data One Asia Philippines said companies are becoming
dependent on their IT employees now that most operational
procedures require the use of computers and various
technologies for efficiency and heightened productivity.
However, a single IT staff‘s resignation spells disruption within the
company.
In a cloud computing environment, the lack of an IT staff due
to turnover wouldn‘t be a headache for a company. IT
applications such as email, desktop office applications, and data
storage can be easily outsourced to a third-party provider like
Data One. All the client company needs is an Internet
connection so they can access the applications they need. The
server hardware are all stored and maintained by the IT
infrastructure provider.

Such cloud computing services also save the company from
obsolescence. Cloud service providers which employ best
practices such as Data One will entirely be responsible for the
upkeep and the upgrade of the hardware and software being
used by their clients.
CloudSecure, DataOne‘s cloud offering for Enterprises, has
been helping numerous customers manage their high IT
turnover with its cloud-based off-site IT infrastructure
(http://newsbytes.ph/2013/08/16/cloud-outsourcing-seen-as-answer-
to-high-it-staff-turnover/).

ICTs and Employment: The
problem of job quality

‘Job Quality’ in ICT
Before the impact of ICTs on job quality is
discussed, the term ―job quality‖ must first be
defined. Job quality can only be achieved if the
four strategic objectives of the decent work
program are pursued: it must be supported by
labor standards, employment opportunities,
social protection and social dialogues.

‘Next Wave Cities’ Road show in
Naga
Naga City, the Bicol region‘s foremost city,
launched this year‘s version of the ―Next Wave
Cities‖ (NWCs) road show last August 15 and 16.
The NWCs are alternative outsourcing
destinations outside Metro Manila and Cebu. Naga
City is one of the top 10 NWCs in 2012.

Speakers from various IT-BPM organizations such
as the Animation Council of the Philippines (ACPI),
Contact Center Association of the Philippines (CCAP),
Game Developers Association of the Philippines
(GDAP), Philippine Software Industry Association of the
Philippines (PSIA) and the Healthcare Information
Management Outsourcing Association of the
Philippines (HIMOAP), addressed an audience
composed of different stakeholders and influencers
and mostly of college students on the career
opportunities available to them in the IT-BPM industry,
particularly in their own locality.

DOST-ICT Office executive director Louis
Casambre said the NWCs program is a key
component of DOST‘s inclusive development
agenda called Smarter Philippines.
This lets ICT‘s to enable the Filipinos to work
abroad without leaving home either as workers in
the IT-BPM industry or doing work from home
through micro sourcing. The Next Wave Cities
Road show helps bring about awareness about
the IT-BPM industry, especially the non-voice
sector where the Filipino can stand out‖. The road
show also aims to promote IT preneurship to
participants at the event.

The nine other cities included
in this year‘s NWC Road Show
are Baguio, Laoag, Tacloban,
Butuan, Puerto Princessa,
Cagayan De Oro, Tarlac, Iloilo
and Rizal and will run from
August to November this year
(http://newsbytes.ph/2013/08/13/
next-wave-cities-roadshow-to-
kick-off-in-naga/).

ICT, Job generation or job loss?
The use of ICTs are associated with new patterns
of job creation and job loss. Indications to put
forward jobs could be lost through:
1. Automation
2. Obsolescence
3. Disintermediation
ICT replaces old tasks and occupations through automation,
such as the telephone switchboard operator. But the
technologies also create new tasks and occupations, such as
Webpage designers or call-centre workers or a variety of new
intermediaries .
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/afcab/e-governance-presentation

The creation of entirely new industries such as the
1. Application software
2. Computer Systems
3. Micro-electronic products
4. GSM industries etc. has brought about new employment
opportunities, which employ a substantial number of people.
Others include:
BPO ( Business Processing Outsource ) - Call Center - Virtual
Assistance
SEO (Search Engine Optimization) - Remote Assistance
Corporate and Business Analyst, Programmers, Web Designers,
Graphic Artists, Application Software creators, Health Technicians,
Surveillance Administrator, High-end Climatologist and Weather
observers, Factory & Food Production Technician, Networks and
Communications Engineers.
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/afcab/e-governance-presentation

Concluding Remarks
The pessimistic scenarios concerning ICTs tend to
obscure the many benefits which can be
derived from the application of new
technologies, the literature associated with the
more optimistic scenarios often makes the
assumption that the beneficial effects will arise
automatically, provided that ICTs are embraced
enthusiastically and without barriers.

References:
• DeSanctis, Geraldine & Fulk, Janet: Shaping Organization Form
(Communication, Connection and Community)
• Grimshaw, Damian & Rubbery, Jill: ICTs and employment (The
problem of job quality) 2001
• Heeks, Richard: Reinventing government in the information age
• Heeks, Richard: Understanding e-Government for Development
2001
• Alampay, Erwin A.: People‘s participation, consensus building and
transparency through the ICTs (issues and challenges for
governance in the Philippines 2002

References:
Online:
• http://www.slideshare.net/afcab/e-governance-presentation
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-Government
•http://ph.search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=A2oKmKbtMQhStkgALiCzRwx.?p=Develo
pment+and+Application+of+E-Governance&fr2=sb-top&fr=yfp-t-711-
s&type_param=&rd=r1
• http://i.gov.ph/?page_id=2113
• http://balita.ph/2013/06/10/dost-launches-igovphil-a-new-ict-application-
program/
• http://ph.news.yahoo.com/smarter-philippines-program-comes-094617576--
finance.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_meme
• http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/ispeak/38594-millionpeoplemarch-from-
candy-crush-land-to-luneta
• http://www.rappler.com/nation/32869-tg-guingona-crowdsourcing-bill-refiled
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-Government
•http://ph.search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=A2oKmKbtMQhStkgALiCzRwx.?p=Develo
pment+and+Application+of+E-Governance&fr2=sb-top&fr=yfp-t-711-
s&type_param=&rd=r1

PDF:
•http://unpan.org/publications/featured_titles/e-gov_survey_2012.html
•e-Governance Insights for Policy Making
http://www.journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/kasarinlan/article/view/707/799
•E-governance at the Local Government Level in the Philippines: An Assessment of City Government
Websites
Author: Sheila V. Siar
© Philippine Institute for Development
Studies, 2005 http://www.journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/kasarinlan/article/view/707/799
• e-Governance in the Philippines http://www.slideshare.net/afcab/e-governance-presentation
• The Philippine Digital Strategy http://www.slideshare.net/jimayson/philippine-digital-strategy-20112016-
8471076
•Governance Initiatives Governance – e in the Philippine http://gepcset.dof.gov.ph/media/docs/E-
GOV%20Initiatives.pdf
Disclaimer:
The author claims no copyright ownership of all the photos or graphics used in this presentation.

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