life of oilman

1. SPE UTT SC TECHNICAL SESSION #4
THE LIFE OF AN OIL & GAS
FIELD
Where Will You Fit In?
PRESENTED BY:
SURESH BALRAJ
B.Sc. Petroleum Engineering, Year 4
Point Lisas Campus
Wednesday 11th March, 2009

2. OBJECTIVES
 Life stages of an oil and gas field
 Chronological order of work performed in each stage
 Disciplines involved in each stage and their functions
 Reservoir parameters determined during the stages
 Keep you awake…

3. METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION EXPLORATION DECOMMISSIONING
TRINIDAD & APPRAISAL
TOBAGO COMPETENCIES
RESERVES
DEVELOPMENT
TRINIDAD
OIL vs GAS CONCLUSION
ACTIVITIES
PRODUCTION

4. INTRODUCTION
 Field - Area consisting of single/multiple reservoirs all grouped on or related to
same individual geological structural feature &/or stratigraphic condition

5. INTRODUCTION
 Field - Group of producing oil & gas &/or injection wells
- Wells may produce from several reservoirs at different depths
FIELD A
FIELD C
D-1
FIELD B
D-2 ST1
D-3 ST3 XX
FIELD D

6. TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
Trinidad & Tobago Concessions (April 2008)
Trinidad & Tobago Fields (May 2007)

7. RESERVES
SPE/WPC/AAPG Resource Classification
(P90) (P90 + P50) (P90 + P50 + P10)
January 1, 2008.
Source: CIA, BP
PROVED GAS, TCF R/P RATIO OIL, MMSTB R/P RATIO
Trinidad 16.95 12.3 728.3 14.1
GLOBAL
World 6,194.192543 60.3 1,332,000 41.6

8. TRINIDAD ACTIVITIES
 Exploration & Appraisal (‘08) – Block 5C (Canadian Superior),
22, 1A & 1B (PetroCanada), Block 3B (Anadarko), Starfish (BG Trinidad &
Tobago)
 Bid Round (Q4’08) – Blocks 4B, 5D, NCMA 3,4, 5. TDAA
 Average Production (December ‘08) – Oil (107,205 STB), Gas (3,675.95
MMSCF/D)

9. OIL vs GAS
OIL GAS
Oil Spot Market DCQ Contracts
Artificial Lift Compression/Recycling
Produced and Stored Produced on Local Demand
80 MMSTB Uneconomic 0.5 TSCF Uneconomic
Global price Region/Contracted Price
BS&W Calorific Value (Wobbe Index)
Oil Tankers/Bunkers Pipeline Transport
IOR Specified Abandonment Pressure

10. EXPLORATION
 Discover Hydrocarbons
EVALUATE FORMATION & QUANTIFY AMOUNT OF HC NEAR WELL
PETROPHYSICS
Well Planning Costing & Contracting Drill Exploration Wells
DIRECT INDIRECT Drilling Systems & Equipment Selection
INFORMATION
Rig Selection Site Preparation Drilling Technique Casing Plan & Cementing
Cores Wireline Logs Lithology
Identify Drillable Prospects
Troubleshooting Drilling Problems
Sidewall Samples Logging While Drilling Logs Evaluate Prospects
Porosity
Mudlogs Define Exploration Play Areas
DRILLING & DRILL & TEST WELLS EFFICIENTLY & SAFELY Saturation
Seismic Hydrocarbon
OPERATIONS Develop Play Concepts
Formation
ENGINEERING Pressure Samples Net Reservoir Thickness
Global Basin Analysis
Fluid Samples Permeability
SELECT SELECT FIND NEW
GEOLOGY & CONCESSION LOCATION HYDROCARBONS
GEOPHYSICS

11. APPRAISAL
 Evaluate Discovery for Commercial Development
Geological Logging Coring Fluid Well Test Production
IDENTIFY DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS & PREDICT RECOVERY
RESERVOIR
ENGINEERING
DESIGN WELL COMPLETIONS &/OR ARTIFICIAL LIFT SYSTEMS
PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
CHECK WHETHER VENTURE IS ECONOMICALLY JUSTIFIED
ECONOMICS
Number of Wells, TypesEXTRAPOLATE WELLof Wells, Well Production Rates
G+G & INTERPRET & of Wells, Locations DATA TO DESCRIBE RESERVOIR
RESERVOIR
ENGINEERING

12. DEVELOPMENT
 Planning
DESIGN & CONSTRUCT FACILITIES
ENGINEERING
SELECT MOST PROFITABLE DEVELOPMENT OPTION
ECONOMICS
ESTIMATE FACILITIES COST
ENGINEERING

13. DEVELOPMENT
 Execution
G&G,
RESERVOIR &
DRILLING UPDATE RESERVOIR MODEL
PLAN & EVALUATE WELLS
ENGINEERING, IF REQUIRED
PETROPHYSICS
DRILLING & DRILL & COMPLETE WELLS SAFELY & EFFICIENTLY
OPERATIONS
ENGINEERING

14. PRODUCTION
 Produce Hydrocarbons
MONITOR RESERVOIR IDENTIFY MEANS TO
RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE IMPROVE RECOVERY
ENGINEERING
OPTIMISE PRODUCTION ADVISE ON CHEMICAL
PRODUCTION PEFORMANCE ASPECTS OF PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
OPERATE & MAINTAIN WELLS & SURFACE FACILITIES
PRODUCTION
OPERATIONS

15. DECOMMISSIONING
 Planning, approval, implementing removal of oil/gas installations when no longer
needed for their current purpose
 Wells abandoned - Isolation
- Containment of over-pressured zones
- Aquifer protection
- Removal of wellhead equipment
 Pipelines - Circulated clean
- Filled with water/cement
- Cutup/reeled
 Land Facilities - Hazardous compounds removed, scrapped
- Cellars, drilling pads, access roads & buildings removed
- Environmental restoration
 Offshore Facilities - Substructures: Recycled/disposal onshore/deepwater
disposal/toppling on site/artificial reefs
- Topsides: Onshore recycling/refurbishment for re-use

16. PARAMETERS
CLASSIFICATION DATA ACQUISITION TIMING RESPONSIBILITY
Seismic Structure, stratigraphy, faults, bed Exploration. Seismologists & Geophysicists.
thickness, fluids, interwell
heterogeneity.
Geological Depositional environment, Exploration, discovery & Exploration & Development
diagenesis, lithology, structure, faults, development. Geologists.
& fractures.
Logging Depth, lithology, thickness, porosity, Drilling. Geologists, Petrophysicists, &
fluid saturation, fluid contacts, & well- Reservoir Engineers.
to-well correlations.
Routine Coring Depth, lithology, thickness, porosity, Drilling. Geologists, Drilling and Reservoir
permeability & residual fluid Engineers & Laboratory Analysts.
saturation.
SCAL Relative permeability, capillary Drilling. Geologists, Drilling and Reservoir
pressure, pore compressibility, grain Engineers & Laboratory Analysts.
size & pore size distribution.
Fluid Formation volume factors, Discovery, delineation, development Reservoir Engineers & Laboratory
compressibilities, viscocities, gas & production. Analysts.
solubilities, chemical compositions,
phase behavior & specific gravities.
Well Test Reservoir pressure, effective Discovery, delineation, development, Reservoir & Production Engineers.
permeability-thickness, stratification, production & injection.
reservoir continuity, presence of
fractures/faults, productivity &
injectivity indices & residual oil & gas
saturation.
Production/Injection Oil, water & gas production rates. Production & Injection. Production & Reservoir Engineers.
Cumulative production, gas & water
injection rates & cumulative
injections. Injection & production
profiles.

17. COMPETENCY MATRIX
http://www.spe.org/spe-app/spe/career/cert_comp/competency.htm
 Set of tools used in determining minimum aptitude levels for Petroleum
Engineers
 Structured to assess minimal competency levels required at various stages of
Engineer’s career
 Used to establish future Industry Standards
 Breadth - Basic knowledge common to all areas of Petroleum Engineering
needed by each Engineer to demonstrate minimum competency after
four to six years of practical experience
 Depth - Knowledge needed by Petroleum Engineers to demonstrate
minimum competency within their primary area of practice after four to
six years of practical experience
 Petroleum Engineering Sub-Disciplines - Drilling, Formation Evaluation,
Production, Reservoir

18. COMPETENCY MATRIX
General Knowledge/Skill
Above Minimum
Task Minimum Competence Breadth Minimum Competence Depth
Competence
Understand & apply Understand geoscience Understand and apply Apply geoscience principles
geoscience principles (e.g. fracture gradients, geoscience principles within across sub-disciplines
principles wellbore stability, pore pressure sub-discipline
prediction)
Design a directional Understand relationship between Select appropriate kickoff Optimize directional
well path difficulty & lateral displacement points, build rates, angles & program & casing design to
bottom hole assemblies avoid key seating. Evaluate
casing wear & develop
designs to mitigate problem
Determine formation Determine properties from log Determine properties from log Be able to depth-shift and
properties (porosity, readings in clean sands readings in both clean and shaly normalize in complex
saturation, net pay) sands. State most common lithology, multiwell field
from well logs water saturation models
Nodal Analysis Awareness that the optimum Able to design the appropriate Able to design the
producing configuration is a wellbore configuration given appropriate wellbore
function of initial reservoir inflow initial and projected reservoir configuration for surface
performance… inflow performance… conditions such as subsea
or deep water operations or
high pressure…
Perform reservoir Understand how routine core Apply routine core analysis to Using core and RFT data,
characterization. analysis is used to identify net identify net pay and determine integrate reservoir
pay and fluid contacts. contacts. Evaluate vertical performance
sweep efficiency from core… and well tests…

19. REFERENCES
 Dung, T.Q. (Undated). Petroleum Engineering Disciplines – Introduction to the
Petroleum Industry. Faculty of Geology and Petroleum Engineering, Ho Chi
Minh City University of Technology.
 Jahn, F., Cook, M. & Graham, M. (2008). Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production 2nd
Ed. TRACS International Consultancy Ltd., Aberdeen, U.K. Elsevier, U.K.
 Guidelines for the Evaluation of Petroleum Reserves and Resources (2001).
SPE/WPC/AAPG. Society of Petroleum Engineers
 Ministry of Energy and Energy Industries, Trinidad.
 Geological Society of Trinidad and Tobago (GSTT). UTT, Pt. Lisas Campus.

20. The University of Trinidad and Tobago
SPE Student Chapter