This study evaluated the effects of conservation agriculture and conventional tillage practices on aggregate stability and soil organic carbon distribution in different aggregate fractions. Specifically, it compared zero tillage with and without crop residue retention to conventional tillage with and without residue retention over multiple cropping cycles of maize and wheat. The study found that zero tillage systems with residue retention led to greater total soil organic carbon levels, especially in small and large macroaggregates, compared to conventional tillage systems. Maintaining crop residues on the soil surface under no-till was the most effective practice for maximizing carbon retention in the soil.