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Does landscape heterogeneity modify
the trade-off between production and
             biodiversity?

          Rodolphe Sabatier & Muriel Tichit

  INRA SAD – Sciences for Action and Development Division, PARIS

                                 DIET
                          AGRICULTURE
                                  ENVIRONMENT
Stating the problem

 Explaining ‘Landscape Heterogeneity’




                        compositionnal heterogeneity + + +




                                                                                              after Fahrig 2011
  200 m




  200 m                                                      structural heterogeneity + + +
Stating the problem


‘Biodiversity needs Benton 2003
   heterogeneity’   Tscharntke 2005
                      Fahrig 2011
                                           = qualitative reviews
                                            need for
                                           quantifications
Landscape simplification
    –   mechanization and field enlargement
    –   use of chemical inputs in large areas
    –   loss of semi natural elements
    –   …
Stating the problem

 To what extent can biodiversity be enhanced by
 increasing landscape heterogeneity?

               biodiversity




                              production
Case study

 – A grassland landscape (5000
   ha) with 50 beef cattle farms
Case study

 – A grassland landscape (5000
   ha) with 50 beef cattle farms


 – Bird sp. which life cycle is
   deeply linked to management
   practices




                      fecundity    survival
Sabatier 2010
Spatially explicit dynamic model                                    Teillard 2010


            50%
          25%
         25%

  Farm                                         Field




   Landscape
     mowing       heavy (productive) grazing           light (ecological) grazing
Relative effect of composition and structure

                                                            Sabatier 2010
 bird population size




                                      Bird growth rate




                        herbage production (LU.days.ha-1)
Relative effect of composition and structure

                                                                                                   Sabatier 2010
                            Composition
 bird population size




                                       Bird growth rate




                        herbage production (LU.days.ha-1)


                        mowing (39%)                      heavy (productive) grazing   light (ecological) grazing
Relative effect of composition and structure

                                                                                                              Sabatier 2010
                            Composition                                                         Structure
 bird population size




                                                                        bird population size
                                      Bird growth rate




                        herbage production (LU.days.ha-1)                                      landscape structure


                        mowing 39%                       heavy (productive) grazing               light (ecological) grazing
Heterogeneity leverages the trade-off (in biodiversity)

                                                                                 Sabatier 2010



              bird population size




                                     herbage production (LU.days.ha-1)


     mowing 39%                      heavy (productive) grazing      light (ecological) grazing
Heterogeneity leverages the trade-off (in production)

                                                                                 Sabatier 2010



              bird population size




                                     herbage production (LU.days.ha-1)


     mowing                          heavy (productive) grazing      light (ecological) grazing
Conclusion

 • Heterogeneity leverages the tradeoff

 • The positive effect of heterogeneity derives from
   complementarities between management
   regimes

 • Heterogeneity more important for mobile
   species

 • Modifying landscape heterogeneity requires
   coordination between farmers
Future challenges
    From possible
landscapes to feasible
     landscapes




                           Co-design of feasible
                         landscapes with farmers
                          and other stakeholders
Thank you for your attention


Fundings 2009-2012
FarmBird project
« Coviability models of FARMing and BIRD biodiversity »




   muriel.tichit@agroparistech.fr

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Does landscape heterogeneity modify the trade-off between production and biodiversity? Muriel Tichit

  • 1. Does landscape heterogeneity modify the trade-off between production and biodiversity? Rodolphe Sabatier & Muriel Tichit INRA SAD – Sciences for Action and Development Division, PARIS DIET AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT
  • 2. Stating the problem Explaining ‘Landscape Heterogeneity’ compositionnal heterogeneity + + + after Fahrig 2011 200 m 200 m structural heterogeneity + + +
  • 3. Stating the problem ‘Biodiversity needs Benton 2003 heterogeneity’ Tscharntke 2005 Fahrig 2011 = qualitative reviews  need for quantifications Landscape simplification – mechanization and field enlargement – use of chemical inputs in large areas – loss of semi natural elements – …
  • 4. Stating the problem To what extent can biodiversity be enhanced by increasing landscape heterogeneity? biodiversity production
  • 5. Case study – A grassland landscape (5000 ha) with 50 beef cattle farms
  • 6. Case study – A grassland landscape (5000 ha) with 50 beef cattle farms – Bird sp. which life cycle is deeply linked to management practices fecundity survival
  • 7. Sabatier 2010 Spatially explicit dynamic model Teillard 2010 50% 25% 25% Farm Field Landscape mowing heavy (productive) grazing light (ecological) grazing
  • 8. Relative effect of composition and structure Sabatier 2010 bird population size Bird growth rate herbage production (LU.days.ha-1)
  • 9. Relative effect of composition and structure Sabatier 2010 Composition bird population size Bird growth rate herbage production (LU.days.ha-1) mowing (39%) heavy (productive) grazing light (ecological) grazing
  • 10. Relative effect of composition and structure Sabatier 2010 Composition Structure bird population size bird population size Bird growth rate herbage production (LU.days.ha-1) landscape structure mowing 39% heavy (productive) grazing light (ecological) grazing
  • 11. Heterogeneity leverages the trade-off (in biodiversity) Sabatier 2010 bird population size herbage production (LU.days.ha-1) mowing 39% heavy (productive) grazing light (ecological) grazing
  • 12. Heterogeneity leverages the trade-off (in production) Sabatier 2010 bird population size herbage production (LU.days.ha-1) mowing heavy (productive) grazing light (ecological) grazing
  • 13. Conclusion • Heterogeneity leverages the tradeoff • The positive effect of heterogeneity derives from complementarities between management regimes • Heterogeneity more important for mobile species • Modifying landscape heterogeneity requires coordination between farmers
  • 14. Future challenges From possible landscapes to feasible landscapes Co-design of feasible landscapes with farmers and other stakeholders
  • 15. Thank you for your attention Fundings 2009-2012 FarmBird project « Coviability models of FARMing and BIRD biodiversity » muriel.tichit@agroparistech.fr