SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 46
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Head Injuries In Sports,[object Object],JOHN GONOUDE,[object Object]
Head Injuries In Sports
“Pain is weakness leaving the body.”,[object Object]
the brain,[object Object],Most complex organ of the human body,[object Object],Foundation of the mind,[object Object],All thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are a direct result of combinations of signals among neurons,[object Object],Society for Neuroscience,[object Object]
Neurons,[object Object],Basic working unit of the brain,[object Object],Responsible for the transmission of information,[object Object],Nerve impulses,[object Object],Action potential,[object Object],Society for Neuroscience,[object Object]
NEUROTRANSMITTERSThe brain’s chemical messengers.,[object Object],Responsibilities,[object Object],Generation of action potential,[object Object],Tightening of muscles,[object Object],Beginning of enzyme activity,[object Object],Releasing more neurotransmitters,[object Object],Nowinski, Head Games: Football’s Concussion Crisis,[object Object],Society for Neuroscience,[object Object]
neurotransmitters,[object Object],Acetylcholine (ACh),[object Object],Normal attention, memory, and sleep,[object Object],Glutamate and aspartate,[object Object],Signal the release of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA),[object Object],Learning, memory, and the development of nerve contacts,[object Object],Society for Neuroscience,[object Object]
WHAT,[object Object],IS A,[object Object],CONCUSSION?,[object Object],A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury.,[object Object],National Athletic Trainers’ Association,[object Object]
Features of a Concussion,[object Object],Vacant stare,[object Object],Delayed verbal and motor responses,[object Object],Disorientation,[object Object],Confusion and inability to focus attention,[object Object],Incoordination,[object Object],Slurred and incoherent speech,[object Object],Emotions out of proportion,[object Object],Memory deficits,[object Object],Any period of unconsciousness,[object Object],American Academy of Neurology,[object Object]
SYMPTOMS,[object Object],Early Symptoms,[object Object],Headache,[object Object],Dizziness,[object Object],Lack of awareness of surroundings,[object Object],Nausea or vomiting,[object Object],Late Symptoms,[object Object],Low-grade headaches,[object Object],Lightheadedness,[object Object],Poor attention and concentration,[object Object],Memory dysfunction,[object Object],Easy fatigability,[object Object],Irritability and low frustration tolerance,[object Object],Intolerance of bright lights or difficulty focusing vision,[object Object],Intolerance of loud noises,[object Object],Anxiety or depressed mood,[object Object],Sleep disturbance,[object Object],American Academy of Neurology,[object Object]
During a concussion, the brain develops inabilities in regulating blood supply and making energy.,[object Object],Nowinski, Head Games: Football’s Concussion Crisis,[object Object]
Neurotransmitters bind on to receptors and change the receptors,[object Object],Susceptible to glutamate,[object Object],Excitotoxic death,[object Object],(PLASTICITY),[object Object],Nowinski, Head Games: Football’s Concussion Crisis,[object Object]
“IF PEOPLE SAY THERE IS NO CORRELATION BETWEEN WHAT HAPPENED TO THEM AND PLAYING; BULLS***, BULLS***.  AND PEOPLE CAN CALL ME ANYTHING THEY WANT.  THEY CAN CALL ME A MALCONTENT, A BABY; WHATEVER THE F*** YOU WANT TO CALL ME.  BUT NOBODY IS GOING TO SHUT ME UP FROM TALKING ABOUT WHAT I KNOW.”,[object Object],	HARRY CARSON,[object Object],ESPN, Outside the Lines,[object Object]
POST-CONCUSSIONSYNDROME,[object Object],Condition may take days, weeks, months, or even years to recover from,[object Object],Symptoms include prolonged cases of physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral issues,[object Object],University of Buffalo, Current Treatment Options in Neurology,[object Object]
DEPRESSION,[object Object],Persistently sad or empty mood, low energy level, unusual fatigue, headaches, unresponsive chronic pain,[object Object],MedicineNet,[object Object],Nowinski, Head Games; Football’s Concussion Crisis,[object Object]
Neurology Now, “Head Games”,[object Object]
The injured athlete is initially dazed by the impact and remains alert for another 15 seconds to a minute before collapsing to the ground in a semi-conscious state.  They display rapidly dilating pupils and may even stop breathing.,[object Object],Nowinski, Head Games: Football’s Concussion Crisis,[object Object]
Zachery Lystedt,[object Object],Maple Valley, WA,[object Object],Max Conradt,[object Object],Waldport, OR,[object Object],Covington Reporter,[object Object],Goliath,[object Object]
CHRONICTRAUMATICENCEPHALOPATHY,[object Object],American Association of Neuropathologists,[object Object]
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy is the progressive degeneration of brain tissue involving the build-up of tau protein.,[object Object],American Association of Neuropathologists,[object Object]
    Andre Waters         MIKE WEBSTER     1962-2006	            1952-2002,[object Object],Nowinski, Head Games: Football’s Concussion Crisis,[object Object]
“I don’t know how much sense that makes, because we’re dealing with the same organ.  No cardiologist ignores a ‘mild’ heart attack.  He doesn’t say to his patient, ‘don’t worry about exercise or your diet unless the heart attack is severe.’  He still treats him as if he has had a heart attack.  Yet we don’t treat a concussion in the same way as we do a brain injury.  For some reason we tell people, ‘you’re fine,’ when we know they aren’t.”,[object Object],														Dr. Heechin Chae,[object Object],Nowinski, Head Games: Football’s Concussion Crisis,[object Object]
Return to Play Decisions,[object Object],Multiple Grade 1 concussions,[object Object],1 week,[object Object],Grade 2 concussion,[object Object],1 week,[object Object],Multiple Grade 2 concussions,[object Object],2 weeks,[object Object],Grade 3 with brief loss of consciousness,[object Object],2 weeks,[object Object],Multiple Grade 3 concussions,[object Object],1 month or longer (based on clinical decision of evaluating physician),[object Object],National Athletic Trainers’ Association,[object Object]
SCAT2,[object Object],Zurich Consensus,[object Object]
ImPACT,[object Object],Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing,[object Object],ImPACT,[object Object]
ImPACT,[object Object],Attention span,[object Object],Working memory,[object Object],Sustained and selective attention time,[object Object],Response variability,[object Object],Non-verbal problem solving,[object Object],Reaction time,[object Object],ImPACT,[object Object]
  Disqualification Guidelines,[object Object],GAME, SEASON, or CAREER,[object Object],National Athletic Trainers’ Association,[object Object]
NEUROIMAGING,[object Object],Computed Tomography (CT) Scan,[object Object],Uses x-rays to create cross-sectional pictures of the brain to produce a three-dimensional image,[object Object],Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI),[object Object],Radiology technique using magnetism, radio waves, and a computer to produce images of body structures,[object Object],MedicineNet,[object Object],National Athletic Trainers’ Association,[object Object]
Injury Treatment,[object Object],No evidence-based pharmacologic treatment options,[object Object],Wake-ups,[object Object],Rest,[object Object],Avoid activities that create cognitive or physical stress,[object Object],National Athletic Trainers’ Association,[object Object],Nowinski, Head Games: Football’s Concussion Crisis,[object Object]
It is estimated that between 1.6 to 3.8 million concussions occur every year in the United States.  In 2008, only 126,926 sports-related concussions were treated in United States hospital emergency rooms.  47,807 (37.6%) of those concussions occurred in children under the age of 14.,[object Object],American Association of Neurological Surgeons,[object Object],Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,[object Object]
What is being done?,[object Object]
innovation in protection,[object Object],Maher B-Protect Splint (Level III) Mouth Guard,[object Object],Carefully designed to help prevent concussions,[object Object],Designed for optimum fit, comfort, communication, and stability,[object Object],Mahercor Laboratories,[object Object]
Xenith X1,[object Object],Xenith,[object Object]
THE EVOLUTION OF THE HELMET.,[object Object],Popular Mechanics,[object Object]
Popular Mechanics,[object Object]
HELMET FITTING,[object Object]
HEAD IMPACT TELEMETRY SYSTEM,[object Object],(HITS),[object Object],Journal of Athletic Training,[object Object]
Head Impact Telemetry System (HITS),[object Object],Evaluates regions of the head that are most susceptible to damage,[object Object],Accounts for linear & rotational acceleration, jerk, force, impulse, and direction,[object Object],Has only been used as a tool for research, but may have a future in diagnostics,[object Object],Journal of Athletic Training,[object Object]
“We need to take a step back and start taking care of ourselves.”,[object Object],										Chris Nowinski,[object Object]
From 1945-1999, 491 head-related football fatalities occurred in high school, collegiate, professional, and recreational levels.,[object Object],Journal of Athletic Training,[object Object]
TEN POINT PLAN TO SAVE FOOTBALL,[object Object],Reevaluate how the game is practiced,[object Object],Encourage mandatory brain trauma education,[object Object],Reevaluate protective equipment,[object Object],Develop better methods of diagnosis,[object Object],Develop better methods of management,[object Object],Consider minimum medical resources,[object Object],Reevaluate techniques of tackling and blocking,[object Object],Reevaluate the rules,[object Object],Reevaluate rule enforcement and role of referees,[object Object],Reconsider the culture of the game,[object Object],Sports Legacy Institute,[object Object]
Acting Upon A Crisis.,[object Object],Pennsylvania House Democratic Caucus,[object Object],The Covington Reporter,[object Object],The Register-Guard,[object Object]
Starting From The TopThe Role of the National Football League,[object Object],88 PLAN,[object Object],National Football League,[object Object],New York Times,[object Object]
Luck of the Draw Foundation,[object Object]
Upper Merion Concussion Survey,[object Object],63 out of 100 student athletes responded; 38 seniors, 15 juniors, 4 sophomores, and 6 freshmen.,[object Object],78 total concussions were reported by 39 out of 63 (61.9%) student athletes.,[object Object],Only 37 out of the 78 (44.8%) concussions were reported to have been diagnosed by an athletic trainer.,[object Object],25 out of 63 (39.7%) student athletes said they would not tell a coach or athletic trainer if they had a concussion.,[object Object],9 out of 39 (23.1%) student athletes reported that they have had three or more concussions during their athletic careers.,[object Object],Luck of the Draw Foundation,[object Object]
CONCLUSION,[object Object],Concussions should be treated as a brain injury,[object Object],Guidelines at all levels of play must be set in order to best protect our athletes,[object Object],Athletes, parents, and coaches must be educated on the signs, symptoms, and risks of mild traumatic brain injuries,[object Object],No child’s life should be put at risk to perform on the playing field,[object Object]

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Concussion (young athletes) cdc poster
Concussion (young athletes) cdc posterConcussion (young athletes) cdc poster
Concussion (young athletes) cdc posterccicalifornia
 
Exercise Keeps the Brain Young
Exercise Keeps the Brain YoungExercise Keeps the Brain Young
Exercise Keeps the Brain YoungMeena Shah
 
John Ralston (X2 Biosystems) How Wearables are Helping to Monitor Head Impac...
John Ralston (X2 Biosystems) How Wearables are Helping to Monitor  Head Impac...John Ralston (X2 Biosystems) How Wearables are Helping to Monitor  Head Impac...
John Ralston (X2 Biosystems) How Wearables are Helping to Monitor Head Impac...AugmentedWorldExpo
 
The brain __exercise_connection_-_power_point_presentation final
The brain __exercise_connection_-_power_point_presentation finalThe brain __exercise_connection_-_power_point_presentation final
The brain __exercise_connection_-_power_point_presentation finalCMoondog
 
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Exercise_Crimson Publishers
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Exercise_Crimson PublishersBrain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Exercise_Crimson Publishers
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Exercise_Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishers-Sportsmedicine
 

La actualidad más candente (6)

Concussion (young athletes) cdc poster
Concussion (young athletes) cdc posterConcussion (young athletes) cdc poster
Concussion (young athletes) cdc poster
 
Exercise Keeps the Brain Young
Exercise Keeps the Brain YoungExercise Keeps the Brain Young
Exercise Keeps the Brain Young
 
Catching some zz zs presentation slides
Catching some zz zs presentation slidesCatching some zz zs presentation slides
Catching some zz zs presentation slides
 
John Ralston (X2 Biosystems) How Wearables are Helping to Monitor Head Impac...
John Ralston (X2 Biosystems) How Wearables are Helping to Monitor  Head Impac...John Ralston (X2 Biosystems) How Wearables are Helping to Monitor  Head Impac...
John Ralston (X2 Biosystems) How Wearables are Helping to Monitor Head Impac...
 
The brain __exercise_connection_-_power_point_presentation final
The brain __exercise_connection_-_power_point_presentation finalThe brain __exercise_connection_-_power_point_presentation final
The brain __exercise_connection_-_power_point_presentation final
 
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Exercise_Crimson Publishers
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Exercise_Crimson PublishersBrain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Exercise_Crimson Publishers
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Exercise_Crimson Publishers
 

Destacado

Kin 188 Wrist And Hand Evaluation And Injuries
Kin 188  Wrist And Hand Evaluation And InjuriesKin 188  Wrist And Hand Evaluation And Injuries
Kin 188 Wrist And Hand Evaluation And InjuriesJLS10
 
Kin 188 Foot, Ankle And Leg Injuries
Kin 188  Foot, Ankle And Leg InjuriesKin 188  Foot, Ankle And Leg Injuries
Kin 188 Foot, Ankle And Leg InjuriesJLS10
 
How can we work globally and locally?
How can we work globally and locally?How can we work globally and locally?
How can we work globally and locally?Frank Calberg
 
Concussions
ConcussionsConcussions
Concussionsjgavlak
 
Idealism, Realism and Shintoism
Idealism, Realism and ShintoismIdealism, Realism and Shintoism
Idealism, Realism and ShintoismMirasol Madrid
 
The concept of sports injury
The concept of sports injuryThe concept of sports injury
The concept of sports injuryGallagherC15
 
Head Injuries & Concussion
Head Injuries & ConcussionHead Injuries & Concussion
Head Injuries & Concussionpdhpemag
 
Types of sports injuries
Types of sports injuriesTypes of sports injuries
Types of sports injuriesStaceyFleming01
 
Concussion in Sports
Concussion in SportsConcussion in Sports
Concussion in SportsSummit Health
 
Prevention and management of sports injury
Prevention and management of sports injuryPrevention and management of sports injury
Prevention and management of sports injuryjainamit
 
Sports Injuries Presentation
Sports Injuries PresentationSports Injuries Presentation
Sports Injuries PresentationJasneel Chaddha
 
The Human Brain
The Human BrainThe Human Brain
The Human Brainnanobeep
 
Head injury
Head injuryHead injury
Head injuryHIRANGER
 
Management of head injury
Management of head injuryManagement of head injury
Management of head injuryfyndoc
 
Brain ppt
Brain pptBrain ppt
Brain pptcnps
 

Destacado (20)

Sports Injury
Sports InjurySports Injury
Sports Injury
 
Kin 188 Wrist And Hand Evaluation And Injuries
Kin 188  Wrist And Hand Evaluation And InjuriesKin 188  Wrist And Hand Evaluation And Injuries
Kin 188 Wrist And Hand Evaluation And Injuries
 
Kin 188 Foot, Ankle And Leg Injuries
Kin 188  Foot, Ankle And Leg InjuriesKin 188  Foot, Ankle And Leg Injuries
Kin 188 Foot, Ankle And Leg Injuries
 
How can we work globally and locally?
How can we work globally and locally?How can we work globally and locally?
How can we work globally and locally?
 
Concussions
ConcussionsConcussions
Concussions
 
Idealism, Realism and Shintoism
Idealism, Realism and ShintoismIdealism, Realism and Shintoism
Idealism, Realism and Shintoism
 
The concept of sports injury
The concept of sports injuryThe concept of sports injury
The concept of sports injury
 
Knee ligaments
Knee ligamentsKnee ligaments
Knee ligaments
 
Concussion slideshow
Concussion slideshowConcussion slideshow
Concussion slideshow
 
First Aid and Sport Injuries
First Aid and Sport InjuriesFirst Aid and Sport Injuries
First Aid and Sport Injuries
 
Head Injuries & Concussion
Head Injuries & ConcussionHead Injuries & Concussion
Head Injuries & Concussion
 
Types of sports injuries
Types of sports injuriesTypes of sports injuries
Types of sports injuries
 
Concussion in Sports
Concussion in SportsConcussion in Sports
Concussion in Sports
 
Prevention and management of sports injury
Prevention and management of sports injuryPrevention and management of sports injury
Prevention and management of sports injury
 
Sports Injuries Presentation
Sports Injuries PresentationSports Injuries Presentation
Sports Injuries Presentation
 
Head injury
Head injuryHead injury
Head injury
 
The Human Brain
The Human BrainThe Human Brain
The Human Brain
 
Head injury
Head injuryHead injury
Head injury
 
Management of head injury
Management of head injuryManagement of head injury
Management of head injury
 
Brain ppt
Brain pptBrain ppt
Brain ppt
 

Similar a Head Injuries In Sports

HEAD INJURIES IN SPORTS
HEAD INJURIES IN SPORTSHEAD INJURIES IN SPORTS
HEAD INJURIES IN SPORTSjohnganoodle
 
Effect of Sports-Related TBI on Human Psychology
Effect of Sports-Related TBI on Human PsychologyEffect of Sports-Related TBI on Human Psychology
Effect of Sports-Related TBI on Human PsychologyHailey Wagner
 
Dr. Cantu Nhiaa Abbreviated
Dr. Cantu Nhiaa AbbreviatedDr. Cantu Nhiaa Abbreviated
Dr. Cantu Nhiaa Abbreviatednhiaa
 
Literature Review- concussions
Literature Review- concussionsLiterature Review- concussions
Literature Review- concussionsKaylee Knoff, MS
 
Bancroft sports concussions
Bancroft sports concussionsBancroft sports concussions
Bancroft sports concussionsBancroft
 
Neuropsychological Assessment Following Pediatric TBI
Neuropsychological Assessment Following Pediatric TBINeuropsychological Assessment Following Pediatric TBI
Neuropsychological Assessment Following Pediatric TBIcedwvugraphics
 
Stress Causes, Effects and Management. By Dr. Ali Garatli
Stress Causes, Effects and Management. By Dr. Ali GaratliStress Causes, Effects and Management. By Dr. Ali Garatli
Stress Causes, Effects and Management. By Dr. Ali GaratliDr Ghaiath Hussein
 
Improving Concussion Awareness in Student Athletes
Improving Concussion Awareness in Student AthletesImproving Concussion Awareness in Student Athletes
Improving Concussion Awareness in Student AthletesStephani Frisby
 
Brain Based Therapy Workshop
Brain Based Therapy WorkshopBrain Based Therapy Workshop
Brain Based Therapy Workshopcking553
 
Neurology protesting the brain in sports what do we really know 03-22-13
Neurology protesting the brain in sports   what do we really know 03-22-13Neurology protesting the brain in sports   what do we really know 03-22-13
Neurology protesting the brain in sports what do we really know 03-22-13Janet McNichol
 
Sports medicine head and neck injuries
Sports medicine head and neck injuriesSports medicine head and neck injuries
Sports medicine head and neck injuriesSteven Fuller
 

Similar a Head Injuries In Sports (20)

HEAD INJURIES IN SPORTS
HEAD INJURIES IN SPORTSHEAD INJURIES IN SPORTS
HEAD INJURIES IN SPORTS
 
Effect of Sports-Related TBI on Human Psychology
Effect of Sports-Related TBI on Human PsychologyEffect of Sports-Related TBI on Human Psychology
Effect of Sports-Related TBI on Human Psychology
 
Dr. Cantu Nhiaa Abbreviated
Dr. Cantu Nhiaa AbbreviatedDr. Cantu Nhiaa Abbreviated
Dr. Cantu Nhiaa Abbreviated
 
3 11 concussion
3 11 concussion3 11 concussion
3 11 concussion
 
Literature Review- concussions
Literature Review- concussionsLiterature Review- concussions
Literature Review- concussions
 
Bill Meehan, "Sport-Related Concussion"
Bill Meehan, "Sport-Related Concussion"Bill Meehan, "Sport-Related Concussion"
Bill Meehan, "Sport-Related Concussion"
 
Bancroft sports concussions
Bancroft sports concussionsBancroft sports concussions
Bancroft sports concussions
 
Concussion Rehab
Concussion RehabConcussion Rehab
Concussion Rehab
 
Adolescent Concussion Update
Adolescent Concussion UpdateAdolescent Concussion Update
Adolescent Concussion Update
 
Bailes, Julian
Bailes, JulianBailes, Julian
Bailes, Julian
 
EMR - Sports TBI Research
EMR - Sports TBI ResearchEMR - Sports TBI Research
EMR - Sports TBI Research
 
Neuropsychological Assessment Following Pediatric TBI
Neuropsychological Assessment Following Pediatric TBINeuropsychological Assessment Following Pediatric TBI
Neuropsychological Assessment Following Pediatric TBI
 
Stress Causes, Effects and Management. By Dr. Ali Garatli
Stress Causes, Effects and Management. By Dr. Ali GaratliStress Causes, Effects and Management. By Dr. Ali Garatli
Stress Causes, Effects and Management. By Dr. Ali Garatli
 
Improving Concussion Awareness in Student Athletes
Improving Concussion Awareness in Student AthletesImproving Concussion Awareness in Student Athletes
Improving Concussion Awareness in Student Athletes
 
TBI and Memory Loss
TBI and Memory LossTBI and Memory Loss
TBI and Memory Loss
 
Brain Based Therapy Workshop
Brain Based Therapy WorkshopBrain Based Therapy Workshop
Brain Based Therapy Workshop
 
Concussions
ConcussionsConcussions
Concussions
 
Neurology protesting the brain in sports what do we really know 03-22-13
Neurology protesting the brain in sports   what do we really know 03-22-13Neurology protesting the brain in sports   what do we really know 03-22-13
Neurology protesting the brain in sports what do we really know 03-22-13
 
Concussion in athletes
Concussion in athletesConcussion in athletes
Concussion in athletes
 
Sports medicine head and neck injuries
Sports medicine head and neck injuriesSports medicine head and neck injuries
Sports medicine head and neck injuries
 

Último

Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 

Último (20)

Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 

Head Injuries In Sports

  • 1.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.

Notas del editor

  1. HEAD INJURIES IN SPORTS PERSONALLY DRIVEN DEDICATION TO UNDERSTANDING THE COMPLEXITY OF CONCUSSIONS GOAL TO MAKE SURE NO OTHER STUDENT ATHLETE TO COME THROUGH UPPER MERION WILL EVER HAVE TO DEAL WITH WHAT I HAD TO GO THROUGH
  2. INTRODUCTORY VIDEO
  3. CULTURE OF CONTACT SPORTS GLORIFICATION OF VIOLENT HITS GIVES PLAYERS AN OPENING TO PLAY BEYOND THE RULES AND GUIDELINES THAT THE SPORTS TRADIONALLY WERE INTENDED TO BE FOLLOWED BY HIGHER RATE OF INJURY CONCUSSIONS ARE AN INHERENT RISK OF CONTACT SPORTS COACHES PLAYING DOCTOR CLEAR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BEING HURT AND INJURED MISCOMMUNICATION AND LACK OF RESPECT BETWEEN COACHING STAFF AND ATHLETIC TRAINERS “PAIN IS WEAKNESS LEAVING THE BODY.” QUOTE DISPLAYED IN THE FLORIDA GATORS LOCKER ROOM GREAT TOOL FOR MOTIVATION, BUT WHERE IS THE LOGIC BEHIND IT?
  4. THE BRAIN VERY RARELY DO WE STOP TO THINK ABOUT WHAT MAKES US THINK THE BRAIN IS THE MOST COMPLEX ORGAN OF THE HUMAN BODY IT IS THE FOUNDATION OF THE MIND AND CONTROLS OUR BODILY FUNCTIONS THAT HELP US CONTINUE TO LIVE A HEALTHY, FUNCTIONAL LIFE ALL THOUGHTS, PERCEPTIONS, AND BEHAVIORS ARE A DIRECT RESULT OF COMBINATIONS OF SIGNALS AMONG NEURONS
  5. NEURONS BASIC WORKING UNIT OF THE BRAIN RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION SERVE AS A ROAD MAP OF INTERCONNECTED HIGHWAYS THAT ULTIMATELY SHAPE THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF THE BRAIN DURING THE TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION, NERVE IMPULSES (WHICH INVOLVE THE OPENING AND CLOSING OF ION CHANNELS) DIRECT SIGNALS THROUGHOUT THE BRAIN THESE SIGNALS TRAVEL THROUGH THE BRAIN AT AN ALARMINGLY QUICK RATE A PROCESS ENABLED BY ACTION POTENTIAL
  6. NEUROTRANSMITTERS DURING THE TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION THROUGHOUT NEURONS IN THE BRAIN, CHEMICAL MESSENGERS KNOWN AS NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE RELEASED TO PERFORM SPECIFIC TASKS SUCH TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDE… GENERATION OF ACTION POTENTIAL TIGHTENING OF MUSCLES BEGINNING OF ENZYME ACTIVITY RELEASE OF MORE NEUROTRANSMITTERS
  7. NEUROTRANSMITTERS ACETYLCHOLINE (ACH) KEY NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT IS ESSENTIAL TO THE PROPER FUNCTIONING OF NORMAL ATTENTION, MEMORY, AND SLEEP GLUTAMATE AND ASPARTATE SIGNAL THE RELEASE OF A COMPOUND CALLED N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA) NMDA IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROCESS OF LEARNING, MEMORY, AND DEVELOPMENT OF NERVE CONTACTS PROMOTES BENEFICIAL CHANGES IN THE BRAIN, AND ARE DISRUPTED WHEN THE HEALTH OF THE BRAIN IS THREATENED
  8. CONCUSSION WHAT IS A CONCUSSION? IT SEEMS LIKE A SIMPLE CONCEPT, BUT IS LARGELY A COMPLEX INJURY A CONCUSSION IS A MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY A CONCUSSION IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS BEING “DINGED” OR GETTING ONE’S “BELL RUNG” MINIMIZING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE THREAT OF A BRAIN INJURY IS A DANGEROUS PATH TO FOLLOW WHEN INFORMALLY DIAGNOSING A CONCUSSION IT IS CLINICALLY CONSIDERED AN ALTERATION IN BRAIN FUNCTIONING BRAUGHT ON MY TRAUMA TO THE BRAIN, THAT MAY OR MAY NOT INVOLVE A LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS REQUIRE CLOSE OBSERVATION AND ASSESSMENT IN ORDER TO DETERMINE PROPER RETURN TO PLAY GUIDELINES
  9. CONCUSSION HOW DO YOU KNOW IF YOU, OR SOMEONE ELSE HAS SUFFERED A CONCUSSION? FEATURES OF A CONCUSSION INCLUDE… VACANT STARE DELAYED VERBAL AND MOTOR RESPONSES DISORIENTATION CONFUSION AND INABILITY TO FOCUS ATTENTION INCOORDINATION SLURRED AND INCOHERENT SPEECH EMOTIONS OUT OF PROPORTION MEMORY DEFICITS ANY PERIOD OF UNCONSCIOUSNESS
  10. CONCUSSION SYMPTOMS EVOLVE OVER TIME AND MAY TAKE DAYS, WEEKS, OR MONTHS TO RECOVER FROM THE EARLY SYMPTOMS OF A CONCUSSION INCLUDE… HEADACHE DIZZINESS LACK OF AWARENESS OF SURROUNDINGS NAUSEA OR VOMITING THE LATE SYMPTOMS OF A CONCUSSION INCLUDE… LOW-GRADE HEADACHES LIGHTHEADEDNESS POOR ATTENTION AND CONCENTRATION MEMORY DYSFUNCTION EASY FATIGABILITY IRRITABILITY AND LOW FRUSTRATION TOLERANCE INTOLERANCE OF BRIGHT LIGHTS OR DIFFICULTY FOCUSING VISION INTOLERANCE OF LOUD NOISES ANXIETY OR DEPRESSED MOOD SLEEP DISTURBANCE
  11. BIOLOGICAL BREAKDOWN DURING A CONCUSSION, THE BRAIN DEVELOPS INABILITIES IN REGULATING BLOOD SUPPLY AND MAKING ENERGY INJURY CAUSES THE BRAIN TO GO THROUGH A SERIES OF CHEMICAL AND METABOLIC CHANGES WHEN THE BRAIN GETS PUSHED OR PULLED VIOLENTLY, BRAIN CELLS FIRE LIKE A SMALL SEIZURE AND RELEASE NEUROTRANSMITTERS AT AN OVERWHELMINGLY LARGE RATE CAUSES POTASSIUM IONS TO RUSH OUT OF CELLS AND FLOOD THE BRAIN WHILE CALCIUM IONS RUSH BACK INSIDE THE CELLS REQUIRING GLUCOSE (ENERGY) THE FLOW OF CALCIUM INTERFERES WITH THE MACHINERY OF CELLS THAT MAKE ENERGY, AND THE BRAIN DEVELOPS AN INABILITY TO MAKE ENERGY AS CELLS “TURN OFF” WHEN BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLIC DEMAND IN THE BRAIN IS LOST AS A RESULT OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF IONS, THE BRAIN FIRES AND ASKS FOR FUEL THE BLOOD FLOW TO THE AREA OF DAMAGE ISN’T ENOUGH TO SUPPORT THE DEMAND FOR ENERGY, KNOWN AS CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA
  12. BIOLOGICAL BREAKDOWN WHEN THE BRAIN IS INJURED, NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE RELEASED BY NEURONS TO COMPENSATE FOR THE DAMAGE REGION THESE NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO A COMPOUND CALLED GLUTAMATE AN EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT EXCITES CELLS SO MUCH THAT THEY DIE, WHICH IS KNOWN AS AN EXCITOTOXIC DEATH A CONCUSSION YIELDS THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY AND LEADS TO BOTH CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA AND EXCITOTOXIC DEATH, SENDING THE BRAIN INTO A FRENZY OF CONTINUOUS PROBLEMS THAT KILLS CELLS DAMAGE TO THE BRAIN WILL ALWAYS BE PERMANENT HOWEVER, THE BRAIN CAN RETURN TO THE FUNCTIONING LEVEL PREVOUSLY HELD BEFORE INJURY BECAUSE THERE ARE ENOUGH SPARE PARTS OF THE BRAIN TO TAKE OVER THROUGH THE USAGE OF EXTRA NEURONS TO COMPENSATE, KNOWN AS PLASTICITY
  13. THE RISKS OF REPETITIVE HEAD INJURIES CONTINUOUS BLOWS TO THE HEAD RUN THE RISK OF PROLONGED TEMPORARY OR PERMANENT DAMAGE SINCE 1997, THERE HAVE BEEN OVER 50 CASES OF SPORT-RELATED HEAD INJURIES IN THE UNITED STATES THAT HAVE RESULTED IN FATALITY OR SEVERE NEUROLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT THAT HAVE REQUIRED BRAIN SURGERIES THERE ARE HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETES THAT HAVE DIED, COLLEGE ATHLETES WHO HAVE BEEN HOSPITALIZED, CURRENT PROFESSIONAL PLAYERS WHO ARE STARING AT THE ENDS OF THEIR CAREERS, AND FORMER PLAYERS WHO CAN’T REMEMBER THE NAMES OF THEIR CHILDREN LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES WHY MUST IT TAKE A TRAGEDY TO LEAD TO A SOLUTION?
  14. POST-CONCUSSION SYNDROME THE MOST COMMON RESULT OF A MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY CONDITION MAY TAKE DAYS, WEEKS, MONTHS, OR EVEN YEARS TO RECOVER FROM SYMPTOMS INCLUDE PROLONGED CASES OF PHYSICAL, COGNITIVE, EMOTIONAL, AND BEHAVIORAL ISSUES INVOLVES PERIODS OF PERSISTENT LOW-GRADE HEADACHES, DIFFICULTY CONCENTRATING, DEPRESSED MOOD, AND IRRITABILITY MOST CASES OF POST-CONCUSSION SYNDROME WILL ALWAYS RESOLVE AS THE SEVERITY OF SYMPTOMS GENERALLY LESSEN OVER TIME
  15. DEPRESSION MANY RESEARCH STUDIES HAVE FOUND A CONNECTION BETWEEN MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PERIOD OF DEPRESSION DEPRESSION INVOLVES THE BODY, MOOD, AND THOUGHT PROCESS, AND AFFECTS THE WAY A PERSON EATS AND SLEEPS, FEELS ABOUT THEMSELVES, AND THE WAY THAT THEY THINK CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BRAIN MAY CAUSE SYPTOMS THAT INCLUDE… PERSISTENTLY SAD OR EMPTY MOOD LOW ENERGY LEVEL UNUSUAL FATIGUE HEADACHES UNRESPONSIVE CHRONIC PAIN
  16. SECOND IMPACT SYNDROME (SIS) ONE OF THE MOST TRAGIC RESULTS OF REPETITIVE HEAD INJURIES IN SPORTS THAT IS ALMOST ALWAYS FOUND IN TEENAGERS THAT RETURND TO PLAY BEFORE SYMPTOMS OF A PREVIOUS CONCUSSION HAD RESOLVED COMPILATION OF TWO BRAIN INJURIES WITHIN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME REFERRED TO AS THE “SWELLING OF THE BRAIN”
  17. SECOND IMPACT SYNDROME (SIS) RARE CONDITION THAT MAY TAKE THE LIVES OF AT LEAST 3-5 TEENAGE ATHLETES PER YEAR IN THE UNITED STATES WHEN IT DOES OCCUR, THAT ATHLETE IS… DAZED BY THE IMPACT REMAINS ALERT FOR ANOTHER 15 SECONDS TO A MINUTE COLLAPSES TO THE GROUND FALLING INTO A SEMI-CONSCIOUS STATE RAPIDLY DILATING PUIPLS MAY EVEN STOP BREATHING
  18. STORY OF ZACHERY LYSTEDT STORY OF MAX CONDRADT
  19. CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY (CTE) PROGRESSIVE DEGENERATIVE DISEASE OF THE BRAIN THAT IS FOUND IN ATHLETES WITH HISTORIES OF MULTIPLE HEAD INJURIES CAN ONLY BE DIAGNOSED AFTER DEATH
  20. CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY (CTE) PROGRESSIVE DEGENERATION OF BRAIN TISSUE INVOLVING THE BUILD-UP OF TAU PROTEIN CHANGES IN THE BRAIN CAN BEGIN MONTHS, YEARS, OR DECADES AFTER LAST CONCUSSION OR END OF ATHLETIC ACTIVITY BRAIN DEGENERATION ASSOCIATED WITH… MEMORY LOSS, CONFUSION, IMPAIRED JUDGEMENT, PARANOIA, IMPULSE CONTROL PROBLEMS, AGGRESSION, DEPRESSION, AND PROGRESSIVE DEMENTIA CTE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR INDIVIDUALS DEVELOPING THE ONSET OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE IN THEIR 30’S AND 40’S CASE OF 18 YEAR OLD MALE DISPLAYING DISTRIBUTION OF TAU PROTEIN AFTER DYING FROM FOOTBALL HEAD-RELATED INJURY
  21. STORY OF ANDRE WATERS STORY OF MIKE WEBSTER
  22. PROPER MANAGEMENT CULTURE OF CONTACT SPORTS HAS SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNPLAYED THE SEVERITY OF MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES FOR WHATEVER REASON, A CONCUSSION HAS COMMONLY BEEN VIEWED AS A LESS SIGNIFICANT INJURY WHEN COMPARED TO OTHER INJURIES SUCH AS MUSCLE PULLS, BROKEN FINGERS, ETC.
  23. PROPER MANAGEMENT RETURN TO PLAY DECISIONS MULTIPLE GRADE 1 CONCUSSIONS, 1 WEEK GRADE 2 CONCUSSION, 1 WEEK MULTIPLE GRADE 2 CONCUSSIONS, 2 WEEKS GRADE 3 WITH BRIEF LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS, 2 WEEKS MULTIPLE GRADE 3 CONCUSSIONS, 1 MONTH OR LONGER (BASED ON CLINICAL DECISION OF EVALUATING DECISION)
  24. STANDARDIZED CONCUSSION ASSESSMENT TOOL EVALUATIVE TOOL USED IN CHARTING SYMPTOM SEVERITY AND IN DETERMINING EFFECTIVE RETURN TO PLAY GUIDELINES FOR THE INJURED ATHLETE TEST IS GIVEN ON A REGULAR DECIDED BASIS TO MONITOR THE HEALING OF THE BRAIN DURING A CONCUSSION
  25. IMMEDIATE POSTCONCUSSION ASSESSMENT AND COGNITIVE TESTING (IMPACT) DEVELOPED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH A COMPUTERIZED BASELINE TESTING PROGRAM USED TO DETERMINE THE NORMAL BRAIN FUNCTIONING LEVELS OF A HEALTHY ATHLETE TO BE USED TO COMPARE TO AN ADDITIONAL TEST WHEN AN ATHLETE SUFFERS A CONCUSSION
  26. IMMEDIATE POSTCONCUSSION ASSESMENT AND COGNITIVE TESTING (IMPACT) TEST MEASURES… ATTENTION SPAN WORKING MEMORY SUSTAINED AND SELECTIVE ATTENTION TIME RESPONSE VARIABILITY NON-VERBAL PROBLEM SOLVING REACTION TIME
  27. DISQUALIFICATION FROM GAME OR PRACTICE BASED ON SIDELINE EVALUATION, SYMPTOMS EXPERIENCED, SEVERITY OF APPARENT SYMPTOMS, AND INJURY HISTORY DISQUALIFICATION FROM SEASON AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NEUROLOGY RECOMMENDS SEASON TERMINATION AFTER A THIRD CONCUSSION IN THE SAME SEASON DECISION IS DIFFICULT TO MAKE DEPENDING ON SEVERITY AND POSSIBILE RISK FRO RECURRENT INJURY DISQUALIFICATION OF CAREER DEPENDENT ON THE SEVERITY AND OCCURRENCE OF REPETITIVE CONCUSSIONS ONE STUDY HAD SHOWN THAT RECURRENT, IN-SEASON CONCUSSIONS OCCURRED WITHIN 10 DAYS OF THE INITIAL INJURY 92% OF THE TIME
  28. NEUROIMAGING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCAN USES X-RAYS TO CREATE CROSS-SECTIONAL PICTURES OF THE BRAIN TO PRODUCE A THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) RADIOLOGY TECHNIQUE USING MAGNETISM, RADIO WAVES, AND A COMPUTER TO PRODUCE IMAGES OF BODY STRUCTURES NOT ALWAYS EFFECTIVE IN DIAGNOSING OR DETERMINING THE OCCURRENCE OF A CONCUSSION UNLESS THE BRAIN IS BLEEDING HOWEVER, NEW RESEARCH PRESENTED BY DR. ROBERT CANTU AT A SEMINAR AT DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY HAD SHOWN THAT THERE IS PROGRESS IN DEVELOPING SUCH TECHNOLOGY
  29. INJURY TREATMENT NO EVIDENCE-BASED PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS BLOOD-THINNING MEDICINE IS NOT RECOMMENDED BECAUSE THE BRAIN HAS ALREADY DEVELOPED A DEFICIENCY IN ITS BLOOD FLOW, MAKING IT MORE DIFFICULT FOR BLOOD TO EFFECTIVELY REACH THE AREA OF DAMAGE WAKE-UPS PARENTS AND GUARDIANS ARE ADVISED IN MORE SEVERE CASES TO WAKE UP THE INJURED ATHLETE EVERY THREE OR FOUR HOURS DURING THE NIGHT TO MAKE SURE THE CONCUSSED ATHLETE DOES NOT SLIP INTO A COMA METHOD RAISES DEBATE OVER DISTURBING SLEEP PATTERNS WHICH COULD POTENTIALLY INCREASE SYMPTOMS REST AVOID ACTIVITIES THAT CREATE COGNITIVE OR PHYSICAL STRESS
  30. IT IS ESTIMATED THAT BETWEEN 1.6 TO 3.8 MILLION CONCUSSIONS OCCUR EVERY YEAR IN THE UNITED STATES. IN 2008, ONLY 126,926 SPORTS-RELATED CONCUSSIONS WERE TREATED IN UNITED STATES HOSPITAL EMERGENCY ROOMS. 47,807 (37.6%) OF THOSE CONCUSSIONS OCCURRED IN CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF 14.
  31. WHAT IS BEING DONE? IN JUST ABOUT EVERY GAME, POSSIBLY ON EVERY DOWN, SOMEWHERE, A CONCUSSION IS BEING SUFFERED AT ALL LEVELS OF PLAY, MOST NOTABLY IN FOOTBALL TACKLING TECHNIQUES HAVE FALLEN APART, ATHLETES ARE BECOMING FASTER AND STRONGER, AND PLAYERS DEVELOP SENSES OF INVINCIBILITY WHILE COVERED IN ADVANCED EQUIPMENT
  32. INNOVATION IN PROTECTION MAHER B-PORTECT SPLINT (LEVEL III) MOUTH GUARD CAREFULLY DESIGNED TO HELP PREVENT CONCUSSIONS DESIGNED FOR OPTIMUM FIT, COMFORT, COMMUNICATION,AND STABILITY
  33. XENITH X1 FOOTBALL HELMET LATEST INNOVATION IN THE HELMET INDUSTRY AIR CHAMBERS IN THE HELMET DISPERSE THE ENERGY OF EACH IMPACT ACROSS A GIVEN REGION OF THE HELMET RATHER THAN FOCUSING THE ENTIRE HIT IN ONE POINT, ALLOWING FOR SOFTER COLLISIONS THAT THE ATHLETE FEELS WITH LESS POWER BEHIND THE HITS
  34. EVOLUTION OF THE HELMET REVOLUTIONIZED THE WAY THE GAME WAS PLAYED TACKLING TECHNIQUES DISAPPEARED SAVED LIVES, BUT ALSO HURT LIVES, SERVING AS A DOUBLE EDGED SWORD
  35. EVOLUTION OF THE HELMET
  36. CLASS ACTIVITY: HELMET FITTING
  37. HEAD IMPACT TELEMETRY SYSTEM (HITS) METHOD OF MEASURING AND DETECTING VIOLENT HITS STRONG ENOUGH TO INFLICT DAMAGE STORES INFORMATION REGARDING ACCELERATION AND MOVEMENT OF HEAD WHILE MEASURING LINEAR AND ANGULAR FORCES TO THE HEAD
  38. HEAD IMPACT TELEMETRY SYSTEM (HITS) EVALUATES REGIONS OF THE HEAD THAT ARE MOST SUSCEPTIBLE TO DAMAGE ACCOUNTS FOR LINEAR & ROTATIONAL ACCELERATION, JERK, FORCE, IMPULSE, AND DIRECTION HAS ONLY BEEN USED AS A TOOL FOR RESEARCH, BUT MAY HAVE A FUTURE IN DIAGNOSTICS
  39. STORY OF CHRISTOPHER NOWINSKI OCTOBER INTERVIEW IN OAKS, PA
  40. FROM 1945-1999, 491 HEAD-RELATED FOOTBALL FATALITIES OCCURRED IN HIGH SCHOOL, COLLEGIATE, PROFESSIONAL, AND RECREATIONAL LEVELS WHY DO WE NOT HEAR THIS STORIES? AGAIN, IT GOES BACK TO THE CULTURE OF THE GAME
  41. SPORTS LEGACY INSTITUTE’S TEN POINT PLAN TO SAVE FOOTBALL 1. REEVALUATE HOW THE GAME IS PRACTICED 2. ENCOURAGE MANDATORY BRAIN TRAUMA EDUCATION 3. REEVALUATE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 4. DEVELOP BETTER METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS 5. DEVELOP BETTER METHODS OF MANAGAMENT 6. CONSIDER MINIMUM MEDICAL RESOURCES 7. REEVALUATE TECHNIQUES OF TACKLING AND BLOCKING 8. REEVALUATE THE RULES 9. REEVALUATE RULE ENFORCEMENT AND ROLE OF REFEREES 10. RECONSIDER THE CULTURE OF THE GAME
  42. ACTING UPON A CRISIS ZACKERY LYSTEDT BRAIN PROJECT ZACK’S LAW (WASHINGTON) MAX’S LAW (OREGON) PA CONCUSSION MANAGEMENT BILL
  43. NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE NFL PUTTING MONEY TOWARDS CONCUSSION RESEARCH AND STRICTER ENFORCEMENT OF RULES RECOGNIZING THE ISSUE 88 PLAN NFL WILL GIVE UP TO $88,000 A YEAR TO FORMER PLAYERS WHO NEED NURSING-HOME CARE DUE TO BRAIN INJURIES COMPENSATES FOR THOSE ENDURING SEVERE INJURIES MENTALLY AND PHYSICALLY
  44. LUCK OF THE DRAW FOUNDATION SPEAKING TO PLAYERS, PARENTS, COACHES, AND TRAINERS FUNDRAISER TOURNAMENT EVENTS RELATIONSHIP WITH CHRISTOPHER NOWINSKI MEETING WITH STATE REPRESENTATIVE TIM BRIGGS HEADSTRONG.WEEBLY.COM
  45. UPPER MERION CONCUSSION SURVEY 63 OUT OF 100 STUDENT ATHLETES RESPONDED; 38 SENIORS, 15 JUNIORS, 4 SOPHOMORES, AND 6 FRESHMEN 78 TOTAL CONCUSSIONS WERE REPORTED BY 39 OUT OF 63 (61.9%) STUDENT ATHLETES ONLY 37 OUT OF THE 78 (44.8%) CONCUSSIONS WERE REPORTED TO HAVE BEEN DIAGNOSED BY AN ATHLETIC TRAINER 25 OUT OF 63 (39.7%) STUDENT ATHLETES SAID THEY WOULD NOT TELL A COACH OR ATHLETIC TRAINER IF THEY HAD A CONCUSSION 9 OUT OF 39 (23.1%) STUDENT ATHLETES REPORTED THAT THEY HAVE HAD THREE OR MORE CONCUSSIONS DURING THEIR ATHLETIC CAREERS
  46. CONCLUSION CONCUSSIONS SHOULD BE TREATED AS A BRAIN INJURY GUIDELINES AT ALL LEVELS OF PLAY MUST BE SET IN ORDER TO BEST PROTECT OUR ATHLETES ATHLETES, PARENTS, AND COACHES MUST BE EDUCATED ON THE SIGNS SYMPTOMS, AND RISKS OF MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES NO CHILD’S LIFE SHOULD BE PUT AT RISK TO PERFORM ON THE PLAYING FIELD