What are clouds made from
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A look at what a cloud really is, and how to choose between clouds.
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What are clouds made from
- 1. What are Clouds made of? … and what that means to developers John Garbutt, Senior Software Developer, Citrix 28th June 2012
- 2. What is Cloud Computing?
- 3. User Experience is King When did you last see this? Down for Maintenance
- 4. Cloud is not Server Virtualization ++ …it’s about a new architecture …for apps and infrastructure
- 5. Infrastructure Assumption Shift Avoid Failure Accept Failure
- 6. Cloud is… • On-demand Self-Service • Broad Network Access • Multi-Tenant Resource Pooling • Rapid Elasticity • Measured Service
- 7. … that means • Horizontally Scalable • Commodity Hardware • Self-Service APIs • VMs may die • App aim to be always available • Persistent Object Storage
- 8. Cloud Deployment Models • Public • Private (+ Hosted) • Community • Hybrid
- 9. Service Models beneath SaaS IaaS IaaS++ PaaS • Virtual Machine • (Non-)Relational DB • Source Control • Volume • Load Balancer • Staging / Deployment • Floating IP Address • Message Queue • Auto-scale • Amazon EC2 • Amazon RDS • Microsoft Azure • Dedicated Servers? • Managed Servers? • Managed Hosting?
- 10. What is in a IaaS cloud?
- 11. IaaS Cloud API Cloud Operating System Compute Storage Network
- 12. Compute • Hypervisor or Bare metal • Shared or Dedicated Hardware • Images: Windows vs Linux vs XenApp • Performance vs Price • GPU • MapReduce
- 13. Availability Zones vs Regions
- 15. Distributed Block Object File System • Hard disk blocks • Buckets + Blobs • Hierarchy of files • Usually persisted • Eventual consistency • Globally consistent • Single user • Many readers/writers • Many readers/writers • EBS, RBD (Ceph) • S3, Swift • GlusterFS, HDFS • Live VM Disk • Limited size blob • Document hierarchy
- 16. Networking • APIs not wiring • Flat vs Isolated Networks • Floating IPs • Load Balancing • Security Groups & Firewalls • VPN & Bridging • Integration with current network
- 17. What is in a PaaS cloud?
- 18. Useful Building Blocks • Database • Load Balancer • Message Queue (AMQP) • Source Control • Deployment Tools • Integrated Dev Environment
- 19. Example Cloud: Rackspace IaaS++, Hosted Private Cloud and Hosting
- 20. Rackspace Cloud 2 1 4 3 http://www.rackspace.com/cloud/nextgen/
- 21. Rackspace RackConnect™ 1 2 3 http://www.rackspace.com/hosting_solutions/hybrid_hosting/rackconnect/
- 22. How does OpenStack work?
- 23. OpenStack The OpenSource Cloud Operating System
- 26. 1 6 5 2 7 3 4
- 27. How should I deploy my app?
- 28. How do I pick a Cloud? • Technology • Support • Demand patterns • Compliance • Security • Cloud lock-in
- 29. Cloud Lock-in • Move between platform • Access Data • APIs and Tools • VM images • Networking • Storage Options • Platforms
- 30. PaaS vs IaaS • Lock-in: ᵒTechnology ᵒCloud Vendor ᵒCloud Location • IaaS + DevOps • Vim vs Visual Studio?
- 31. Should I deploy on a Private Cloud? • Cost of Public Cloud • Rate of Growth • Sensitive Data • Administration costs • More Control • Up-front costs • Customer Request • Can you really do better security?
- 32. Citrix CloudPlatform Powered by Apache CloudStack • Secure, multi-tenant cloud orchestration platform ᵒTurnkey IaaS cloud ᵒHypervisor agnostic ᵒWorks well with Citrix XenServer and Citrix Netscaler ᵒHighly scalable, secure and open ᵒComplete Self-service portal ᵒDeploy on premise or from a hosting partner ᵒFully Supported by Citrix ᵒIn production in over 100 clouds ᵒSupports Traditional and Cloud Workloads http://www.citrix.com/cloudstack
- 33. OpenStack • OpenStack has a huge ecosystem • Supports KVM and XenServer, others • XenServer+OpenStack used by Rackspace & Internap • http://wiki.openstack.org/XenServer/GettingStarted • http://wiki.openstack.org/HowToContribute
- 34. Work better. Live better.
Notas del editor
- Introduce what I am currently working on.This talk is not:How to “move” old apps to the cloudA talk about XenThis talk is about:How clouds are buildAnd how that affects developersCheck who has:Built a cloud app already?Looking to build a cloud app?Looking to build a cloud?Looking to develop cloud software?
- Lets make sure we are talking the same languageMany people are confusing what Cloud computing is, which what drives the move to using Cloud
- User experience is keyConsumersation of IT: it just works, like a kettleGlobal reach – users from all timezones – when is downtime? (HSBC advert)Overnight growth: no time to buy serversPushing for 100% availability, no matter what load
- Can’t just avoid failureApps need to be written to deal with failureVirtualization useful, but bare metal provisioning also useful in some cases
- Cloud Workload vs Traditional WorkloadAccept Failure … and deal with it!Old world – server virtualizationChange in abstraction delivers economies of scale
- http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/hh509051.aspxIts disruptive, old apps probably will not work well in the cloud.NIST definition:http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-145/SP800-145.pdf
- Contrast to existing server deploymentHorizontally Scalable:consider upgrade of storage system as you add more hypervisorsIn the cloud you add pods of servers (or containers of servers)Self-Service APIs:no need to wait for things to be rewired and turned onSee real picture: http://blogs.technet.com/b/msdatacenters/archive/2011/07/20/the-cloud-infrastructure-journey-from-containers-to-modularity-long-live-containment.aspx
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cloud_computing_layers.pngLike OSI layer model, it has fuzzy linesNIST cloud definition: http://www.nist.gov/itl/cloud/index.cfmPaaS = integrated Dev environment
- Introduce the nuts and bolts of an IaaS cloud
- You get a virtual slice of a machine
- You don’t get to see what VMs go on what servers, but you do get to see:- Regions=geographical areas, data centre(s)- Availability zones=redundancy inside bits of data centreConsider Amazon outages that people Netflix survivedResponse time: be close to your usersAvailability: keep working if everything fails
- Remote is a persistent disk, a live(ish) block copy (boot from volume)Local is faster, but not persistent, less network issues, cheaper, but you loose data.Hybrid approachExternal ramdisk and kernelConsider a database on Amazon – latency issues with remote disk
- This is really where cloud can get confusing…Consider three tired web app
- Introduce the nuts and bolts of an IaaS cloud
- Diagram from:http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_MRG/1.1/html/Messaging_User_Guide/sect-Messaging_User_Guide-Introduction_to_RHM-The_AMQP_0_10_Model.html
- Many of you know Amazon, lets look at Rackspace instead
- Based on OpenStack and XenServer: what I work on.Lets look at this from a user perspecitveStorage:Use local disk (like amazon S3 based images)Add Block Storage, if needed (EBS)Backup into CloudFiles Object storage (S3)
- Now lets dig down to the DevOps guy who installs this stuff
- Shared services:IdentityImage service (sets of objects + metadata, sent to compute = image)Key design tenants:Open Design, API, etc.Pluggable
- http://www.openstack.org/themes/openstack/images/essex/launching-instances.jpg
- http://docs.openstack.org/essex/openstack-compute/admin/content/logical-architecture.htmlAPI + Dashboard: How you access the systemIdentity: Account managementSwift:storage distributed across multiple disksMassive rsync loopNote:Volume and Network being pulled out as separate components
- Lets look at how an image is launched in OpenStack
- Availability = your provider goes bustOr your provider goes down
- APIs:Standards are earlyCIMI:http://dmtf.org/standards/cloudOCCI: http://occi-wg.org/NIST cloud definition: http://www.nist.gov/itl/cloud/index.cfm
- DevOps: Juju provides service orchestration