Overview of persistent and emerging challenges to development in South-East Asia

1. Persistent and Emerging Challenges
Jorge Carrillo-Rodriguez
18th December 2012

2.  Economic growth
 Centralized/market economies
 Political regimes
 Role of agriculture
 Export-oriented
 Developmental state
 Productivism

3.  Gini
 Differential access to benefits
 Poverty:
 Lack of income and productive assets
 Lack of access to services and information
 Lack of voice in decision-making

4.  Barriers
 Financial: fees, opportunity cost
 Legal: registrations, legal access
 Socio-cultural: discrimination because of gender,
ethnicity, physical ability, age, etc.
 Political: political decisions that exclude social
groups/individuals

5. Social
exclusion
Inequalities
• Financial: fees, opportunity
cost
• Legal: registrations, legal
access
• Socio-cultural:
discrimination because of
gender, ethnicity, physical
ability, age, etc.
• Political: political decisions
that exclude social groups/
individuals
Social
Protection
Social
Justice
Context/Tools
• Citizenship
• Legal empowerment
• Rights-based
approach
• Rule of law
Vulnerability
Risks
Temporality
• Transient/crisis
• Chronic

6.  Middle-income farmers
 Civil society movements
 Digital identities
 Regional citizenships
 Multiculturalism

7.  Ageing
 Fertility/marriage
 Family size
 Youth bulge

8. National
 Rural-urban
 The new “extended” households
 Circular migration
 Intra-urban
International
 ASEAN
 Supranational issues

9.  Speed of change
 Urban primacy/megacities
 White collar/graduate unemployment
 Divided cities
 Engaged urban citizenships
 Slums/Informal housing
 Urban safety

10.  Employment
 Jobless growth
 Vulnerabilities
 Universal protection vs targeted
 Shadow/illegal

11.  Gender
 Climate change
 IT/Digital innovation
 Middle-income trap
 Regional integration vs. national priorities
 Globalization
 Economic instability
 China

12.  development as structural transformation
 development as human development
 development as democratic participation and
good governance
 development as sustainability
Development as a technical problem
Development as a political problem

13.  Political economy
 Human capital
 Institutional change
 Depoliticization of development
 The role of evidence
 Policy vs academic

14. Thank you