1. Republic of Ireland
History
˜
Jorge Munoz Rodenas
Press CTRL+L
History of Republic of Ireland November 28, 2007 – p. 1/11

2. Index
History of Eire
1. Early history
2. Early Christian Ireland
3. Early medieval
4. Norman Ireland
5. Early Modern 1536–1691
6. Ireland 1691–1801
7. Ireland 1801–1922
8. History of the Republic
9. Ireland today
History of Republic of Ireland November 28, 2007 – p. 2/11

3. 1. Early history
The earliest evidence of human occupation
after the retreat of the ice has been dated to
between 8000 and 7000 BC.
The Neolithic (4500-2500 BC) saw the
introduction of farming and pottery, and the
use of more advanced stone implements
and the sudden appearance and dramatic
proliferation of megalithic monuments.
Bronze (2500 BC - 700 BC) was used for the
manufacture of both weapons and tools.
Irish craftsmen became particularly noted for
the horn-shaped trumpet, which was made
by the lost wax process.
In Ireland the Iron Age was the age of a peo-
ple often referred to as Celts.
History of Republic of Ireland November 28, 2007 – p. 3/11

4. 2. Early Christian Ireland 400–800
In AD 432, St. Patrick arrived on the island
and, in the years that followed, worked to
convert the Irish to Christianity.
Patrick is traditionally credited with
preserving the tribal and social patterns of
the Irish, codifying their laws and changing
only those that conflicted with Christian
practices.
He is also credited with introducing the
Roman alphabet, which enabled Irish monks
to preserve parts of the extensive Celtic oral
literature.
History of Republic of Ireland November 28, 2007 – p. 4/11

5. 3. Early medieval era 800–1166
The first recorded Viking raid in Irish history
occurred in 795 when Vikings from Norway
looted the island of Lambay, located off the
Dublin coast.
Early Viking raids were generally small in
scale and quick.
These early raids interrupted the golden age
of Christian Irish culture starting the
beginning of two hundred years of
intermittent warfare, with waves of Viking
raiders plundering monasteries and towns
throughout Ireland.
Most of the early raiders came from the fjords
of western Norway.
History of Republic of Ireland November 28, 2007 – p. 5/11

6. 4. The arrival of the Normans 1167–1185
By the 12th century, Ireland was divided
politically into a shifting hierarchy of petty
kingdoms and over-kingdoms.
They fight each other for supremacy. The
King of one of the kindoms was forcibly
exiled and used normans to recover his
power.
This caused consternation to King Henry II
of England, who feared the establishment of
a rival Norman state in Ireland.
Henry landed with a large fleet at Waterford
in 1171, becoming the first King of England
to set foot on Irish soil.
History of Republic of Ireland November 28, 2007 – p. 6/11

7. 5. Early Modern Ireland 1536–1691
It was during this period that Ireland was, for
the first time, fully conquered by England
and colonised with Protestant settlers from
England and Scotland.
This established two central themes in future
Irish history - subordination of the country to
London based governments and sectarian
animosity between Catholics and
Protestants.
The fifty years from 1641 to 1691 saw two
periods of civil war, which pitted Irish
Catholics against British forces and
Protestant settlers, ended in the almost
complete dispossession of the Catholic
landed elite.
History of Republic of Ireland November 28, 2007 – p. 7/11

8. 6. Ireland 1691–1801
During this time, Ireland was an autonomous
Kingdom with its own Parliament, but the
vast majority of its population, Roman
Catholics, largely descended from the native
Irish, were excluded from power and land
ownership under the Penal Laws.
The period begins with the defeat of the
Catholic (Jacobites) in the Williamite war in
Ireland in 1691 and ends with the Act of
Union, which formally annexed Ireland to the
United Kingdom in 1801.
History of Republic of Ireland November 28, 2007 – p. 8/11

9. 7. Ireland 1801–1922
The whole island of Ireland formed a
constituent part of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland (UK). For almost all
of this period, Ireland was ruled directly by
the Parliament of the United Kingdom in
London.
Ireland faced considerable economic
difficulties in the 19th century, including the
Great Famine of the 1840s.
In 1922, following the War of Independence,
twenty-six southern and western counties of
Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom as
the Irish Free State.
Six counties in the northeast, which became
Northern Ireland, remained within the United
Kingdom.
History of Republic of Ireland November 28, 2007 – p. 9/11

10. 8. The Republic
Anglo-Irish Treaty: The state known today as
the Republic of Ireland came into being
when twenty-six of the counties of Ireland
seceded from the United Kingdom (UK) in
1922.
The remaining six counties remained within
the UK as Northern Ireland.
Irish Civil War 1922-1923 : Was a conflict
between supporters and opponents of the
Anglo-Irish Treaty.
IRA terrorism actions will continue still 1998,
when peace process between IRA and
Unionists ended.
History of Republic of Ireland November 28, 2007 – p. 10/11

11. 9. Ireland today
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP): 44,676 USD
(2006) The 2nd one after Luxembourg.
26 counties.
The total population of Ireland on Census
Day, April 23, 2006, was 4,234,925.
The Republic of Ireland is 86.8 per cent
Roman Catholic.
Successful entertainment exports in the late
twentieth century include acts such as U2,
Thin Lizzy, The Pogues, Sinéad O’Connor,
Boomtown Rats, The Corrs, The
Cranberries, Enya, etc...
History of Republic of Ireland November 28, 2007 – p. 11/11