1. Chapter 13: The Bureaucracy
A More Perfect Union 1/e

2. The Bureaucracy
• Bureaucrats and Bureaucracy
– Who Are the Bureaucrats?
– Bureaucracy: An Organizational Structure
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3. The Bureaucracy
• Federal Bureaucrats
– Political Appointees
– Civil Servants
• Open Competition and Competence
• Political Neutrality
• Civil Service Reform Act (1978)
• Unionized Civil Servants
• The Senior Executive Service
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5. The Bureaucracy
• State, Local, and Shadow Bureaucrats
– Majority of bureaucrats are state and local
– Devolution, contracting-out, and outsourcing
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6. The Bureaucracy
• The Evolution and Organization of the
Federal Bureaucracy
– Departments
– Independent Administrative Agencies
– Independent Regulatory Commissions
– Government Corporations
– Executive Office of the President (EOP)
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10. The Bureaucracy
• Federal Bureaucrats’ Roles in Public Policy
– Agenda Setting
– Policy Formulation
– Policy Approval
– Resource Allocation
– Policy Implementation
– Policy Evaluation
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10

11. The Bureaucracy
• Federal Bureaucratic Accountability
– Accountability to the People
– Accountability to the Courts
– Accountability to Congress
– Accountability to the President
– Internal Accountability
• Codes of Behavior and the Ethics in Government
Act
• Whistle-Blower Protections and Inspectors General
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 11

12. The Bureaucracy
• Can Bureaucratic Performance Be
Improved?
– The Best-Performing Bureaucracies
– Does Contracting-Out Improve Performance?
– Citizens’ Role in Bureaucratic Performance
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 12

13. Chapter Eight
Energy and the Environment

14. Exhibit 8-1
California's
Energy
Supply and
Use

15. California's Electrical Supply
Exhibit 8-2
and Load On a Hot Summer Day

16. California’s
Exhibit 8-3
Restructured Electrical System

17. Exhibit 8-4 The San Joaquin Valley Air Basin (NASA)
Source: Photo courtesy of NASA/JPL/NIMA/USGS

18. Exhibit 8-4 The Fresno Eddy

19. Exhibit 8-5 The Principal Components of Air Pollution
Global
warming
Adverse
health effects
such as
asthma, heart
disease, and
cancer

20. Days Above State Standard for
Exhibit 8-6
Maximum 1-Hour Ozone Level
(0.09 parts per million)

21. Days Above State 24-Hour PM10
Exhibit 8-6
Standard (50 micrograms per cubic meter)

22. Exhibit 8-7
California
Precipitation

23. Exhibit 8-8 Water Use in California