1. Blank Slide

2. This one too

3. One for the road

4. Anatomy of a PHP
Request
Joseph Scott
7 Oct 2010
UTOSC

5. Rules of Engagement

6. Lifespan
.php
Read Parse Compile Execute Output

7. Lifespan
.php
Read Parse Compile Execute Output
Apache / mod_php

8. Lifespan
.php
Read Parse Compile Execute Output
FastCGI
Nginx

9. Reading
Open Read Close

10. Reading
Open Read Close
Avoid co$tly services like NFS

11. Parse
hello.php
<?php
echo "Hello, World!n"
Parse error: syntax error, unexpected $end,
expecting ',' or ';' in /tmp/hello.php on line 3

12. Tokens
<?php echo
$tokens = token_get_all( '
"Hello, World!";' );
foreach ( $tokens as $token ) {
if ( is_array( $token ) ) {
echo token_name( $token[0] ) . " ( {$token[2]} ) -
{$token[1]}n";
} else {
echo "{$token}n";
}
}

13. Tokens
T_OPEN_TAG ( 1 ) - <?php
T_ECHO ( 1 ) - echo
T_WHITESPACE ( 1 ) -
T_CONSTANT_ENCAPSED_STRING ( 1 ) - "Hello,
World!"
;

14. Compile
Branch analysis from position: 0
Return found
filename: /tmp/hello.php
function name: (null)
number of ops: 3
compiled vars: none
line # op fetch ext return operands
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 0 ECHO 'Hello%2C+World%21%0A'
3 1 RETURN 1
2* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION

15. Execute
Deceptively Simple Term
•Includes all sorts of activity
•Database / remote requests

16. Output
•PHP can buffer output
•Don’t forget about compression

17. Making Things Faster

18. Making Things Faster
Less work, for the same result =
awesome

19. Making Things Faster
.php
Read Parse Compile Execute Output

20. Making Things Faster
.php
Read APC
Parse Compile Execute Output

21. Making Things Faster
.php
Read APC
Parse Compile Execute Output
opcode cache

22. HipHop for PHP
• Open source code translator from Facebook
• Converts PHP into c++
• Single binary with built in web server
• http://github.com/facebook/hiphop-php/

23. HipHop for PHP
How much faster?

24. HipHop for PHP
How much faster?
Depends (of course)

25. Measuring Tape for
Programmers

26. Measuring Tape for
Programmers
Xdebug can provide TONS of information
http://xdebug.org/

27. Xdebug Profiler
•Generates cachegrind output
➡KCachegrind
➡webgrind
➡MacCallGrind
➡WinCacheGrind
➡Valgrind

28. Kcachegrind

29. webgrind

30. XHProf

31. XHProf Call Graph

32. XHProf Diff

33. The PHP Point of View
opcodes
VLD - Vulcan Logic Dumper

34. Example PHP
$html = file_get_contents( 'http://www.google.com/' );
$regex_pattern = '!<a href="[^>]*">(.*?)</a>!';
preg_match_all( $regex_pattern, $html, $matches );

35. Example PHP - VLD
Branch analysis from position: 0
Return found
filename: /drive/home/joseph/vld/parse-links.php
function name: (null)
number of ops: 17
compiled vars: !0 = $html, !1 = $regex_pattern, !2 =
$matches

36. Example PHP - VLD
line # op fetch ext return operands
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 0 EXT_STMT
1 EXT_FCALL_BEGIN
2 SEND_VAL 'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F'
3 DO_FCALL 1 'file_get_contents'
4 EXT_FCALL_END
5 ASSIGN !0, $0
5 6 EXT_STMT
7 ASSIGN !1, '%21%3Ca+href%3D%22%5B%5E%3E
%5D%2A%22%3E%28.%2A%3F%29%3C%2Fa%3E%21'
6 8 EXT_STMT
9 EXT_FCALL_BEGIN
10 SEND_VAR !1
11 SEND_VAR !0
12 SEND_REF !2
13 DO_FCALL 3 'preg_match_all'
14 EXT_FCALL_END
7 15 RETURN 1
16* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION

37. PHP - strace
• System calls, expect LOTS of data
• strace -o out php parse-links.php

38. PHP - strace
• System calls, expect LOTS of data
• strace -o out php parse-links.php
1,500+ lines of output!

39. 1.
PHP - strace
socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_IP) = 3
2. fcntl64(3, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR)
3. fcntl64(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0
4. connect(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(80), sin_addr=inet_addr("64.233.169.99")}, 16) =
-1 EINPROGRESS (Operation now in progress)
5. poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLOUT|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3,
revents=POLLOUT}])
6. getsockopt(3, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, [0], [4]) = 0
7. fcntl64(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR) = 0
8. send(3, "GET / HTTP/1.0rn", 16, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 16
9. send(3, "Host: www.google.comrn", 22, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 22
10.send(3, "rn", 2, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 2
11.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLPRI|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
12.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}])
13.recv(3, "HTTP/1.0 200 OKrnDate: Tue, 13 A"..., 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 4636
14.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}])
15.recv(3, "is) class=gb2>Blogs</a> <div cla"..., 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 4290
16.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}])
17.recv(3, "", 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 0
18.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}])
19.recv(3, "", 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 0
20.close(3) = 0

40. Live Demo Time