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City of Seattle
 Department of Finance

Economic & Revenue
     Forecast

      April 6, 2009
U.S. Economy: The path to the current recession

• Past 20 years has been era of asset bubbles
     – Stock market in the 1990s
     – Housing in the current decade, also commodities

• Bubble formation has been facilitated by
     – Cheap money
           • Federal Reserve policies
           • Asian savings glut
     – Loose lending standards
     – Deregulation & lax regulation of financial sector

April 6, 2009                                              2
• Bubbles have led to:
     – Excessive borrowing and debt buildup
     – Excessive risk taking

• Housing bubble popped in 2006. With prices falling:
     – Loans have gone bad, reducing value of securities
           • Leading to financial crisis
     – Household wealth has declined
           • Leading to drop in consumer spending

• Housing downturn and financial crisis caused recession
     – U.S. recession began in December 2007


April 6, 2009                                              3
U.S. Personal Income and Household Debt: 1980 Q1 = 100

1,200

1,000
                                                                            Household
   800
                                                                            debt
   600
                                                                            Personal
   400
                                                                            income
   200

     0
         1980 Q1




                        1985 Q1




                                  1990 Q1




                                            1995 Q1




                                                      2000 Q1




                                                                2005 Q1
         Source: Federal Reserve Board.

• Household debt increased 97% from 2000 to 2008.

April 6, 2009                                                                           4
Monthly Change in U.S. Employment
                     400


                     200
 Thousands of jobs




                       0
                                     Dec-00


                                                       Dec-01




                                                                                           Dec-03


                                                                                                             Dec-04




                                                                                                                                                 Dec-06


                                                                                                                                                                   Dec-07


                                                                                                                                                                                     Dec-08
                                                                         Dec-02




                                                                                                                               Dec-05
                            Jun-00


                                              Jun-01




                                                                                  Jun-03


                                                                                                    Jun-04


                                                                                                                      Jun-05




                                                                                                                                                          Jun-07


                                                                                                                                                                            Jun-08
                                                                Jun-02




                                                                                                                                        Jun-06
                     -200


                     -400


                     -600


                     -800
                              Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Data are seasonally adjusted.


• 5.1 million jobs lost since Dec-07; 3.3 million in past 5 months.
• Unemployment rate hit 8.5% in March; highest since 1983.
April 6, 2009                                                                                                                                                                                 5
Recent weeks have seen a few positive signs

 • Stock market is up over 20% from early March low
 • Home sales rose in February: new 4.7%, existing 5.1%
 • Single family permits rose 11.0% in February
 • U.S. retail sales rose in January and February
   measured on month-to-month basis
 • Orders for manufactured goods rose 1.8% in February
 • Shipping volumes are showing signs of stabilizing
       – Rail, truck, container, air freight



April 6, 2009                                             6
U.S. Economic Forecast
                  U.S. GDP Forecasts for October 2008 and March 2009
 4%


 2%

                                                                       Oct-08
 0%                                                                    Forecast
       2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010
        Q1   Q2   Q3   Q4   Q1   Q2   Q3   Q4   Q1   Q2   Q3   Q4
-2%
                                                                       Mar-09
                                                                       Forecast
-4%


-6%


-8%
      Source: Global Insight.




April 6, 2009                                                                     7
Puget Sound Economy: Recent trends
      • 2001-03 recession was very severe locally
            – Recovery started later here
            – Housing bubble cycle was delayed

      • Current downturn arrived later here
            – Construction peaked in Nov-07 locally
                • Compared to Jan-07 for U.S.
            – Aerospace employment increased through 2008 Q3
            – Software employment increased through 2008 Q4

      •     Falloff beginning in 2008 Q4 has been very steep
            – 53,400 jobs lost from Aug-08 to– Feb-09 in King
              & Snohomish Co., a 3.6% decline
April 6, 2009                                                   8
S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Index, 2000 Q1 = 100

 200

 180
                                                                                                  U.S.
 160

 140
                                                                                                  Seattle
 120                                                                                              Metro
                                                                                                  Area
 100

   80
        2000 Q1

                  2001 Q1

                            2002 Q1

                                      2003 Q1

                                                2004 Q1

                                                          2005 Q1

                                                                    2006 Q1

                                                                              2007 Q1

                                                                                        2008 Q1
April 6, 2009                                                                                               9
Employment: December 2000 =100
106

104
                                                                                                          U.S.
102

100

 98
                                                                                                          Seattle
                                                                                                          Metro
 96
                                                                                                          Area*
 94

 92
      Jan-99

                Jan-00

                         Jan-01




                                           Jan-03

                                                    Jan-04

                                                             Jan-05




                                                                               Jan-07

                                                                                        Jan-08

                                                                                                 Jan-09
                                  Jan-02




                                                                      Jan-06

      *King & Snohomish Counties. Data adjusted to remove effects of Boeing strikes.
      Data are seasonally adjusted non-agricultural wage & salary employment.


April 6, 2009                                                                                                       10
Puget Sound Region Economic Forecast
• Regional forecast is based on Feb-09 U.S. forecast




April 6, 2009                                          11
Job Losses in the Five Most Recent Puget Sound* Recessions
                                Percent Decline from pre-Recession Peak

1%
                     1980
                                                                 2008-10
                                                                              2001-03
                            1990-91                    1981-83   Forecast
0%
         0   1   2    3     4   5     6   7   8   9    10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-1%


-2%


-3%


-4%


-5%
                                      Quarters from pre-recession peak

      *King, Kitsap, Pierce, and Snohomish Counties.

April 6, 2009                                                                             12
Why is 2008-10 forecast not as bad as 2001-03?
     • 2001-03 was very bad locally. Employment decline:
                -2.0% U.S.
                -4.8% Puget Sound Region (4 counties)
                -6.6% Seattle Metro Area (King & Snohomish Counties)

     • Modest cuts announced by Boeing, Microsoft thus far
           – In 2001-03, Boeing cut 27,200 jobs in less than 3 yrs

     • Areas of U.S. hardest hit in this recession include:
           – Areas with big housing bubbles
           – Manufacturing centers, especially auto related
           – Financial centers
           – Areas dependent on travel, tourism, in-migration
April 6, 2009                                                        13
What has changed since the last revenue forecast?
(which was prepared in Oct. 2008)

     • U.S. and local economies have declined steeply
           – as has City sales and B&O tax revenue

     • Economic forecasts have been revised
           – Major recession is now forecast
           – Deflation or very low inflation is expected in 2009
           – Savings rate forecast has been raised
                • Falling wealth = higher savings & weaker spending
                   – Weaker spending = lower tax revenue



April 6, 2009                                                      14
Forecast of Employment Change: Puget Sound Region*
                                                              Quarter-to-Quarter Change
                     20
                     15
                     10
 Thousands of jobs




                      5
                      0
                            2007 Q1



                                          2007 Q3



                                                    2008 Q1



                                                                 2008 Q3



                                                                           2009 Q1



                                                                                     2009 Q3



                                                                                               2010 Q1



                                                                                                         2010 Q3



                                                                                                                   2011 Q1



                                                                                                                             2011 Q3
                      -5
                     -10
                     -15
                     -20
                     -25
                     -30
                           *King, Kitsap, Pierce, and Snohomish Counties. Source: Puget Sound Economic Forecaster.



April 6, 2009                                                                                                                          15
Billions of dollars




                              10,000
                                       20,000
                                                30,000
                                                         40,000
                                                                  50,000
                                                                           60,000
                                                                                    70,000




                          0




April 6, 2009
                1980 Q1

                1982 Q1

                1984 Q1

                1986 Q1

                1988 Q1

                1990 Q1

                1992 Q1

                1994 Q1

                1996 Q1
                                                                                             U.S. Household Net Worth




                1998 Q1

                2000 Q1

                2002 Q1

                2004 Q1

                2006 Q1

                2008 Q1
16
Change in 2009 Forecast from Sept. 2008 to Feb. 2009
 6%                                                                     5.6%
 5%

 4%
                                       3.1%                                     Sep '08
 3%                                                                             Forecast

 2%
                                                                1.3%
 1%          0.4%                                                               Feb '09
                                                                                Forecast
 0%
      PS Region Employment          US PCE Deflator           US Savings Rate
-1%
                                              -0.3%
-2%
                    -2.4%
-3%

      Source: Puget Sound Economic Forecaster; Global Insight (savings rate).


April 6, 2009                                                                              17
Retail Sales Tax
• Revenue was flat in 2008 (up 0.2% from 2007)
    – Sharp deceleration over course of year
    – Snowstorm hurt December revenue (-11.4% yr-over-yr)
    – Non-current revenue declined $1.4 mil. from 2007

• Performance by industry in 2008:
    – Construction was up 10.4%; flat in the 4th quarter
    – Retail trade was down 3.1%; flat without auto sales
                Motor vehicles & parts fell 20.6%
          o

    – Finance, insurance, real estate declined 5.0%
    – Service industries had modest growth of 1.5%

April 6, 2009                                               18
Year-over-year growth




                -10%
                       -5%
                                  0%
                                           5%
                                                     10%
                                                           15%
                        2001 Q1




April 6, 2009
                        2001 Q3

                        2002 Q1

                        2002 Q3

                        2003 Q1

                        2003 Q3

                        2004 Q1

                        2004 Q3

                        2005 Q1

                        2005 Q3

                        2006 Q1

                        2006 Q3

                        2007 Q1
                                                                 Growth of Seattle Retail Sales Tax Revenue




                        2007 Q3

                        2008 Q1

                        2008 Q3
19
April 6, 2009   20
Sales Tax Forecast
  • Reflects forecast of major regional recession
  • Over two-thirds of tax base is in cyclical industries
     – Construction, trade, manufacturing, etc.
         o Construction’s share of base = 24.4% in 2008
  • Forecast of peak-to-trough revenue decline is 10.6%
     – Compared to 11.4% drop in 2001-03
     – Expect 6.7% decline in 2009; 1.9% drop in 2010
  • Construction forecast: real decline of 23.1% over 3 years
     – Largest real decline since at least 1975
     – Assumes continued public construction
  • Motor vehicle sales weakness will continue in 2009



April 6, 2009                                                   21
Construction Cycles: Real* Taxable Retail Sales
 80%
 70%
 60%
 50%
 40%
 30%
 20%
 10%
   0%
                1976-79



                            1979-83



                                      1983-91



                                                1991-95



                                                          1995-00



                                                                    2000-04



                                                                              2004-08



                                                                                        2008-11
 -10%
 -20%
 -30%
        *Inflation adjusted by Seattle CPI.


April 6, 2009                                                                                     22
B&O Tax
  • B&O revenue started 2008 with healthy growth and
    ended the year in decline
  • From 2007 to 2008 B&O revenue declined by $3.8 mil. (2.3%)
     – Non-current revenue declined by $5.3 mil.
     – Excluding non-current yields $1.5 mil. gain
  • Forecast reflects:
     – Severity of downturn
     – 50% of B&O base is relatively stable service industries
     – Lower expectations for non-current revenue
  • Forecast of peak-to-trough revenue decline is 8.1%
        – Compared to 8.6% in 2001-03


April 6, 2009                                              23
B&O Payments by Obligation Quarter
                                                   year-over-year growth rate
  16%

  12%
                                                                                                                    Current
                                                                                                                    Obligations
    8%

    4%
                                                                                                                    Total
    0%
                               2005 Q1


                                         2005 Q3


                                                        2006 Q1




                                                                            2007 Q1


                                                                                      2007 Q3


                                                                                                2008 Q1
           2004 Q1


                     2004 Q3




                                                                  2006 Q3




                                                                                                          2008 Q3
   -4%

   -8%
                                                   Obligation Quarter



April 6, 2009                                                                                                                     24
Combined Sales and B&O Tax Revenue Forecast
                        350

                        340

                        330
  Millions of dollars




                                                                            Nov-08
                                                                            Forecast
                        320

                        310
                                                                            Apr-09
                        300                                                 Forecast

                        290

                        280
                                2006    2007    2008    2009    2010


April 6, 2009                                                                          25
Utility Business Tax – Natural Gas

• Natural Gas tax revenue is dependent on both weather
  and prices
• Natural gas prices rose 27% in 2008 over 2007
• Year-over-year Henry Hub prices were up 49% in the
  3rd quarter
• Utility Tax revenue on natural gas was also up 44% in the
  3rd quarter
• Natural gas spot prices have plummeted since the summer,
  along with other energy commodities
• As a result, receipts are expected to be down 15% for
  2009 over 2008, a 24% decrease from the Adopted
  2009 Budget

April 6, 2009                                                 26
Utility Business Tax – Natural Gas


                Seasonally Adjusted Utility Gas Tax Revenue

 4,000,000                                                100%

 3,500,000                                                80%
                                                                 Quarterly
 3,000,000                                                60%    Receipts
                                                                 (Left)
 2,500,000                                                40%
                                                                 Yr/Yr Growth
 2,000,000                                                20%    Rate (Right)
 1,500,000                                                0%

 1,000,000                                                -20%

   500,000                                                -40%

       -                                                  -60%
        91
        91
        91
        91
        91
        91
        91
        91
        91
        01
        01
        01
        01
        01
        01
        01
        01
        01
        01
        10 1
           1
     19 0Q
     19 1Q
     19 2Q
     19 3Q
     19 4Q
     19 5Q
     19 6Q
     19 7Q
     19 8Q
     20 9Q
     20 0Q
     20 1Q
     20 2Q
     20 3Q
     20 4Q
     20 5Q
     20 6Q
     20 7Q
     20 8Q
     20 9Q
          Q
        9
     19




April 6, 2009                                                                   27
Real Estate and REET


• 2008 saw the national housing and property bust come
  to Seattle
• Seattle single-family and condo sales plunged
  throughout the year
     – Single-family sales were down 33% year-over-year in Q408,
       28% down for the year
     – Condo sales were down 63% for the same period, 42% down for
       the year
• Commercial activity also slowed considerably as
  financing for large developments has evaporated
• Home sales are expected to pick up at the end of 2009,
  as home prices continue to fall during 2010
April 6, 2009                                                   28
Real Estate and REET


                                            Real Value of Seattle Real Estate Sales
  Millions of 2000 dollars




                             6,000

                             5,000
                                                                                                     Comm.
                             4,000
                                                                                                     Condo
                             3,000

                             2,000                                                                   Resid.
                             1,000

                                0
                                     1982

                                             1985

                                                    1988

                                                           1991

                                                                  1994

                                                                         1997

                                                                                2000

                                                                                       2003

                                                                                              2006

April 6, 2009                                                                                                 29
Real Estate and REET


• The REET forecast expects a 28% decline in average
  home prices from peak (3Q07) to trough (4Q10)
• This forecast expects the Seattle market to mimic the
  national one
• Foreclosures are expected to rise in the area as the
  Seattle market was one of the last to see subprime and
  alternative mortgage originations
• Office vacancy rates remain under 10%, a good sign
  compared to the national 14.2% rate
• There is limited scope for large property deals and only
  downside risk to vacancy rates

April 6, 2009                                                30
Real Estate and REET


                Seasonally Adjusted Seattle Single-family Forecast

600,000                                                         3500

                                                                3000
500,000

                                                                       Sales Fcst
                                                                2500
400,000                                                                (right)
                                                                2000
                                                                       Avg Price
300,000                                                                Fcst (left)
                                                                1500
200,000
                                                                1000

100,000                                                         500

      0                                                         0
  20 1

  20 1

  20 1

  20 1

  20 1

  20 1

  20 1

  20 1

  20 1

  20 1

  20 1

  20 1

        1
       Q

       Q

       Q

       Q

       Q

       Q

       Q

       Q

       Q

       Q

       Q

       Q

       Q
     00

     01

     02

     03

     04

     05

     06

     07

     08

     09

     10

     11

     12
  20




April 6, 2009                                                                        31
Real Estate and REET


                                         REET Revenue and Forecast by Sector



     80,000,000

     70,000,000

     60,000,000
                                                                                                              Residential
     50,000,000                                                                                               Condo
                                                                                                              Commercial
     40,000,000

     30,000,000

     20,000,000

     10,000,000

                0




                                                                                                     20 f
                                                                                                          f
                92

                     93
                          94
                               95

                                    96
                                         97

                                              98
                                                   99

                                                        00
                                                             01
                                                                  02

                                                                       03
                                                                            04

                                                                                 05
                                                                                      06

                                                                                           07
                                                                                                08
                                                                                                       09

                                                                                                       10
             19

                    19
                         19
                              19

                                   19
                                        19

                                             19
                                                  19

                                                       20
                                                            20
                                                                 20

                                                                      20
                                                                           20

                                                                                20
                                                                                     20

                                                                                          20
                                                                                               20
                                                                                                    20
April 6, 2009                                                                                                               32
General Government Revenue
                                               2008                                      2009                                      2010
GSF - Item                        Nov         Actuals       Act-Nov         Nov           Mar         Mar-Nov         Nov           Mar         Mar-Nov
Property Taxes                 238,746,000   238,257,418     (488,582) 246,218,000     245,736,000     (482,000) 251,331,000     249,941,000    (1,390,000)

Business & Sales Taxes         343,592,942   332,699,802   (10,893,140) 340,250,145    313,994,265   (26,255,880) 345,804,743    312,789,344   (33,015,399)

Public Utility Taxes            80,780,000    79,686,308    (1,093,692)   87,349,474    90,984,903    3,635,429     91,808,777    94,375,700    2,566,923

Private Utility Taxes           57,341,000    55,615,966    (1,725,034)   57,981,000    54,852,267    (3,128,733)   58,176,000    55,228,681    (2,947,319)

Other Notable GSF Revenues      55,623,000    56,500,384      877,384     61,420,000    58,095,274    (3,324,726)   67,426,000    61,148,796    (6,277,204)


                               776,082,942   762,759,879   (13,323,064) 793,218,619    763,662,709   (29,555,910) 814,546,520    773,483,521   (41,062,999)
Subtotal


All Else                        76,736,360    86,355,721    9,619,361     79,035,588    78,778,988     (256,600)    80,544,256    80,001,256     (543,000)


                               852,819,302   849,115,599    (3,703,703) 872,254,207    842,441,697   (29,812,510) 895,090,776    853,484,777   (41,605,999)
GSF - Grand Total


DPR Charter Revenue             38,141,246    37,191,812     (949,434)    39,184,313    37,827,110    (1,357,203)   40,007,170    38,144,348    (1,862,822)


Real Estate Excise Tax          30,889,914    30,313,740     (576,174)    31,814,326    20,762,068   (11,052,258)   35,565,629    22,010,411   (13,555,219)


BTG - Employee Hours Tax         4,781,252     4,448,764     (332,488)     5,261,136     5,261,136           -       5,647,751     5,647,751           -

BTG - Commercial Parking Tax    12,844,000    13,302,260      458,260     17,874,000    17,874,000           -      21,347,000    21,347,000           -




 April 6, 2009                                                                                                                                         33
General Subfund Status
                        Annual Operating Position
                         (Revenues minus Expenses)

                      2009                April
                 Adopted Budget     Forecast Revision
                   (Nov. 2008)         (Apr. 2009)       Difference

                      21,400,000          15,200,000        (6,200,000)
          2008

                      (6,510,000)         (40,530,000)     (34,020,000)
          2009

                     (14,875,000)         (58,851,000)     (43,976,000)
          2010




April 6, 2009                                                             34
Cumulative Reserve Subfund (REET) Status
                                                     2009 Adopted Budget    April Forecast Revision
                                                          (Nov. 2008)              (Apr. 2009)
    Resources
    2008 Yearend Balance
                                                                8,481,000               10,836,000
    (includes anticipated abandonments)

    2009 Estimated Revenue                                     31,814,000               20,762,000

    2010 Estimated Revenue                                     35,566,000               22,010,000

         Total Resources Available in the Biennium             75,861,000               53,608,000




    Biennial Planned Expenditures
    2009-10 Debt Service Expenditures                          28,013,000               28,013,000

    2009-10 Discretionary Expenditures                         47,021,000               47,021,000

       Total Planned Expenditures in the Biennium              75,034,000               75,034,000




                                          Balance                827,000               (21,426,000)


April 6, 2009                                                                                         35
Risks to the forecast


• Risks are large and mostly on the downside
   – This recession is different, thus harder to forecast
   – Housing market uncertainty is great
   – Forecasts assume success of stimulus, bank bailout
   – Savings rate shift makes it hard to forecast consumption
   – Construction outlook is very uncertain
   – Potential for more cuts at region’s large employers
• Upside potential
   – Federal policies may be more effective than expected
   – B&O non-current revenue may bounce back


April 6, 2009                                               36
Pessimistic Revenue Scenario

• Based on pessimistic U.S. forecast. Assumptions:
    –Financial conditions worsen, restricting access to credit
     • This leads to reduced spending and investment,
        and further weakens the housing market
     • The weak housing market further reduces wealth
        and damages consumer confidence
     • Causing a steeper drop in consumer spending
• Employment falls for 11 consecutive quarters
  – Employment growth resumes in 2010 Q4
• Recovery is weak as consumers rebuild savings



April 6, 2009                                                    37
U.S. Employment Forecast Scenarios
                     140

                     138
                                                                                           Baseline
                     136
  Millions of jobs




                                                                                           forecast

                     134

                     132                                                                   Low
                                                                                           scenario
                     130

                     128
                           2007 Q1



                                        2008 Q1



                                                  2009 Q1




                                                                                 2012 Q1
                                                            2010 Q1



                                                                       2011 Q1


                           Source: Global Insight 's March 2009 U.S. forecast.


April 6, 2009                                                                                         38
General Subfund Revenue Scenarios
              895

              890

              885
   Millions




              880                                   Baseline
                                                    Low
              875

              870

              865
                     2008     2009      2010




April 6, 2009                                                  39
Real Estate Excise Tax Scenarios
              35

              30

              25
   Millions




              20
                                                      Base
              15
                                                      Low
              10

               5

              -
                      2008       2009        2010




April 6, 2009                                                40

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4 6 09 Forecast Mtg Council

  • 1. City of Seattle Department of Finance Economic & Revenue Forecast April 6, 2009
  • 2. U.S. Economy: The path to the current recession • Past 20 years has been era of asset bubbles – Stock market in the 1990s – Housing in the current decade, also commodities • Bubble formation has been facilitated by – Cheap money • Federal Reserve policies • Asian savings glut – Loose lending standards – Deregulation & lax regulation of financial sector April 6, 2009 2
  • 3. • Bubbles have led to: – Excessive borrowing and debt buildup – Excessive risk taking • Housing bubble popped in 2006. With prices falling: – Loans have gone bad, reducing value of securities • Leading to financial crisis – Household wealth has declined • Leading to drop in consumer spending • Housing downturn and financial crisis caused recession – U.S. recession began in December 2007 April 6, 2009 3
  • 4. U.S. Personal Income and Household Debt: 1980 Q1 = 100 1,200 1,000 Household 800 debt 600 Personal 400 income 200 0 1980 Q1 1985 Q1 1990 Q1 1995 Q1 2000 Q1 2005 Q1 Source: Federal Reserve Board. • Household debt increased 97% from 2000 to 2008. April 6, 2009 4
  • 5. Monthly Change in U.S. Employment 400 200 Thousands of jobs 0 Dec-00 Dec-01 Dec-03 Dec-04 Dec-06 Dec-07 Dec-08 Dec-02 Dec-05 Jun-00 Jun-01 Jun-03 Jun-04 Jun-05 Jun-07 Jun-08 Jun-02 Jun-06 -200 -400 -600 -800 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Data are seasonally adjusted. • 5.1 million jobs lost since Dec-07; 3.3 million in past 5 months. • Unemployment rate hit 8.5% in March; highest since 1983. April 6, 2009 5
  • 6. Recent weeks have seen a few positive signs • Stock market is up over 20% from early March low • Home sales rose in February: new 4.7%, existing 5.1% • Single family permits rose 11.0% in February • U.S. retail sales rose in January and February measured on month-to-month basis • Orders for manufactured goods rose 1.8% in February • Shipping volumes are showing signs of stabilizing – Rail, truck, container, air freight April 6, 2009 6
  • 7. U.S. Economic Forecast U.S. GDP Forecasts for October 2008 and March 2009 4% 2% Oct-08 0% Forecast 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 -2% Mar-09 Forecast -4% -6% -8% Source: Global Insight. April 6, 2009 7
  • 8. Puget Sound Economy: Recent trends • 2001-03 recession was very severe locally – Recovery started later here – Housing bubble cycle was delayed • Current downturn arrived later here – Construction peaked in Nov-07 locally • Compared to Jan-07 for U.S. – Aerospace employment increased through 2008 Q3 – Software employment increased through 2008 Q4 • Falloff beginning in 2008 Q4 has been very steep – 53,400 jobs lost from Aug-08 to– Feb-09 in King & Snohomish Co., a 3.6% decline April 6, 2009 8
  • 9. S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Index, 2000 Q1 = 100 200 180 U.S. 160 140 Seattle 120 Metro Area 100 80 2000 Q1 2001 Q1 2002 Q1 2003 Q1 2004 Q1 2005 Q1 2006 Q1 2007 Q1 2008 Q1 April 6, 2009 9
  • 10. Employment: December 2000 =100 106 104 U.S. 102 100 98 Seattle Metro 96 Area* 94 92 Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-02 Jan-06 *King & Snohomish Counties. Data adjusted to remove effects of Boeing strikes. Data are seasonally adjusted non-agricultural wage & salary employment. April 6, 2009 10
  • 11. Puget Sound Region Economic Forecast • Regional forecast is based on Feb-09 U.S. forecast April 6, 2009 11
  • 12. Job Losses in the Five Most Recent Puget Sound* Recessions Percent Decline from pre-Recession Peak 1% 1980 2008-10 2001-03 1990-91 1981-83 Forecast 0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 -1% -2% -3% -4% -5% Quarters from pre-recession peak *King, Kitsap, Pierce, and Snohomish Counties. April 6, 2009 12
  • 13. Why is 2008-10 forecast not as bad as 2001-03? • 2001-03 was very bad locally. Employment decline: -2.0% U.S. -4.8% Puget Sound Region (4 counties) -6.6% Seattle Metro Area (King & Snohomish Counties) • Modest cuts announced by Boeing, Microsoft thus far – In 2001-03, Boeing cut 27,200 jobs in less than 3 yrs • Areas of U.S. hardest hit in this recession include: – Areas with big housing bubbles – Manufacturing centers, especially auto related – Financial centers – Areas dependent on travel, tourism, in-migration April 6, 2009 13
  • 14. What has changed since the last revenue forecast? (which was prepared in Oct. 2008) • U.S. and local economies have declined steeply – as has City sales and B&O tax revenue • Economic forecasts have been revised – Major recession is now forecast – Deflation or very low inflation is expected in 2009 – Savings rate forecast has been raised • Falling wealth = higher savings & weaker spending – Weaker spending = lower tax revenue April 6, 2009 14
  • 15. Forecast of Employment Change: Puget Sound Region* Quarter-to-Quarter Change 20 15 10 Thousands of jobs 5 0 2007 Q1 2007 Q3 2008 Q1 2008 Q3 2009 Q1 2009 Q3 2010 Q1 2010 Q3 2011 Q1 2011 Q3 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 *King, Kitsap, Pierce, and Snohomish Counties. Source: Puget Sound Economic Forecaster. April 6, 2009 15
  • 16. Billions of dollars 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 0 April 6, 2009 1980 Q1 1982 Q1 1984 Q1 1986 Q1 1988 Q1 1990 Q1 1992 Q1 1994 Q1 1996 Q1 U.S. Household Net Worth 1998 Q1 2000 Q1 2002 Q1 2004 Q1 2006 Q1 2008 Q1 16
  • 17. Change in 2009 Forecast from Sept. 2008 to Feb. 2009 6% 5.6% 5% 4% 3.1% Sep '08 3% Forecast 2% 1.3% 1% 0.4% Feb '09 Forecast 0% PS Region Employment US PCE Deflator US Savings Rate -1% -0.3% -2% -2.4% -3% Source: Puget Sound Economic Forecaster; Global Insight (savings rate). April 6, 2009 17
  • 18. Retail Sales Tax • Revenue was flat in 2008 (up 0.2% from 2007) – Sharp deceleration over course of year – Snowstorm hurt December revenue (-11.4% yr-over-yr) – Non-current revenue declined $1.4 mil. from 2007 • Performance by industry in 2008: – Construction was up 10.4%; flat in the 4th quarter – Retail trade was down 3.1%; flat without auto sales Motor vehicles & parts fell 20.6% o – Finance, insurance, real estate declined 5.0% – Service industries had modest growth of 1.5% April 6, 2009 18
  • 19. Year-over-year growth -10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 2001 Q1 April 6, 2009 2001 Q3 2002 Q1 2002 Q3 2003 Q1 2003 Q3 2004 Q1 2004 Q3 2005 Q1 2005 Q3 2006 Q1 2006 Q3 2007 Q1 Growth of Seattle Retail Sales Tax Revenue 2007 Q3 2008 Q1 2008 Q3 19
  • 21. Sales Tax Forecast • Reflects forecast of major regional recession • Over two-thirds of tax base is in cyclical industries – Construction, trade, manufacturing, etc. o Construction’s share of base = 24.4% in 2008 • Forecast of peak-to-trough revenue decline is 10.6% – Compared to 11.4% drop in 2001-03 – Expect 6.7% decline in 2009; 1.9% drop in 2010 • Construction forecast: real decline of 23.1% over 3 years – Largest real decline since at least 1975 – Assumes continued public construction • Motor vehicle sales weakness will continue in 2009 April 6, 2009 21
  • 22. Construction Cycles: Real* Taxable Retail Sales 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1976-79 1979-83 1983-91 1991-95 1995-00 2000-04 2004-08 2008-11 -10% -20% -30% *Inflation adjusted by Seattle CPI. April 6, 2009 22
  • 23. B&O Tax • B&O revenue started 2008 with healthy growth and ended the year in decline • From 2007 to 2008 B&O revenue declined by $3.8 mil. (2.3%) – Non-current revenue declined by $5.3 mil. – Excluding non-current yields $1.5 mil. gain • Forecast reflects: – Severity of downturn – 50% of B&O base is relatively stable service industries – Lower expectations for non-current revenue • Forecast of peak-to-trough revenue decline is 8.1% – Compared to 8.6% in 2001-03 April 6, 2009 23
  • 24. B&O Payments by Obligation Quarter year-over-year growth rate 16% 12% Current Obligations 8% 4% Total 0% 2005 Q1 2005 Q3 2006 Q1 2007 Q1 2007 Q3 2008 Q1 2004 Q1 2004 Q3 2006 Q3 2008 Q3 -4% -8% Obligation Quarter April 6, 2009 24
  • 25. Combined Sales and B&O Tax Revenue Forecast 350 340 330 Millions of dollars Nov-08 Forecast 320 310 Apr-09 300 Forecast 290 280 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 April 6, 2009 25
  • 26. Utility Business Tax – Natural Gas • Natural Gas tax revenue is dependent on both weather and prices • Natural gas prices rose 27% in 2008 over 2007 • Year-over-year Henry Hub prices were up 49% in the 3rd quarter • Utility Tax revenue on natural gas was also up 44% in the 3rd quarter • Natural gas spot prices have plummeted since the summer, along with other energy commodities • As a result, receipts are expected to be down 15% for 2009 over 2008, a 24% decrease from the Adopted 2009 Budget April 6, 2009 26
  • 27. Utility Business Tax – Natural Gas Seasonally Adjusted Utility Gas Tax Revenue 4,000,000 100% 3,500,000 80% Quarterly 3,000,000 60% Receipts (Left) 2,500,000 40% Yr/Yr Growth 2,000,000 20% Rate (Right) 1,500,000 0% 1,000,000 -20% 500,000 -40% - -60% 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 10 1 1 19 0Q 19 1Q 19 2Q 19 3Q 19 4Q 19 5Q 19 6Q 19 7Q 19 8Q 20 9Q 20 0Q 20 1Q 20 2Q 20 3Q 20 4Q 20 5Q 20 6Q 20 7Q 20 8Q 20 9Q Q 9 19 April 6, 2009 27
  • 28. Real Estate and REET • 2008 saw the national housing and property bust come to Seattle • Seattle single-family and condo sales plunged throughout the year – Single-family sales were down 33% year-over-year in Q408, 28% down for the year – Condo sales were down 63% for the same period, 42% down for the year • Commercial activity also slowed considerably as financing for large developments has evaporated • Home sales are expected to pick up at the end of 2009, as home prices continue to fall during 2010 April 6, 2009 28
  • 29. Real Estate and REET Real Value of Seattle Real Estate Sales Millions of 2000 dollars 6,000 5,000 Comm. 4,000 Condo 3,000 2,000 Resid. 1,000 0 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 April 6, 2009 29
  • 30. Real Estate and REET • The REET forecast expects a 28% decline in average home prices from peak (3Q07) to trough (4Q10) • This forecast expects the Seattle market to mimic the national one • Foreclosures are expected to rise in the area as the Seattle market was one of the last to see subprime and alternative mortgage originations • Office vacancy rates remain under 10%, a good sign compared to the national 14.2% rate • There is limited scope for large property deals and only downside risk to vacancy rates April 6, 2009 30
  • 31. Real Estate and REET Seasonally Adjusted Seattle Single-family Forecast 600,000 3500 3000 500,000 Sales Fcst 2500 400,000 (right) 2000 Avg Price 300,000 Fcst (left) 1500 200,000 1000 100,000 500 0 0 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 1 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 20 April 6, 2009 31
  • 32. Real Estate and REET REET Revenue and Forecast by Sector 80,000,000 70,000,000 60,000,000 Residential 50,000,000 Condo Commercial 40,000,000 30,000,000 20,000,000 10,000,000 0 20 f f 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 April 6, 2009 32
  • 33. General Government Revenue 2008 2009 2010 GSF - Item Nov Actuals Act-Nov Nov Mar Mar-Nov Nov Mar Mar-Nov Property Taxes 238,746,000 238,257,418 (488,582) 246,218,000 245,736,000 (482,000) 251,331,000 249,941,000 (1,390,000) Business & Sales Taxes 343,592,942 332,699,802 (10,893,140) 340,250,145 313,994,265 (26,255,880) 345,804,743 312,789,344 (33,015,399) Public Utility Taxes 80,780,000 79,686,308 (1,093,692) 87,349,474 90,984,903 3,635,429 91,808,777 94,375,700 2,566,923 Private Utility Taxes 57,341,000 55,615,966 (1,725,034) 57,981,000 54,852,267 (3,128,733) 58,176,000 55,228,681 (2,947,319) Other Notable GSF Revenues 55,623,000 56,500,384 877,384 61,420,000 58,095,274 (3,324,726) 67,426,000 61,148,796 (6,277,204) 776,082,942 762,759,879 (13,323,064) 793,218,619 763,662,709 (29,555,910) 814,546,520 773,483,521 (41,062,999) Subtotal All Else 76,736,360 86,355,721 9,619,361 79,035,588 78,778,988 (256,600) 80,544,256 80,001,256 (543,000) 852,819,302 849,115,599 (3,703,703) 872,254,207 842,441,697 (29,812,510) 895,090,776 853,484,777 (41,605,999) GSF - Grand Total DPR Charter Revenue 38,141,246 37,191,812 (949,434) 39,184,313 37,827,110 (1,357,203) 40,007,170 38,144,348 (1,862,822) Real Estate Excise Tax 30,889,914 30,313,740 (576,174) 31,814,326 20,762,068 (11,052,258) 35,565,629 22,010,411 (13,555,219) BTG - Employee Hours Tax 4,781,252 4,448,764 (332,488) 5,261,136 5,261,136 - 5,647,751 5,647,751 - BTG - Commercial Parking Tax 12,844,000 13,302,260 458,260 17,874,000 17,874,000 - 21,347,000 21,347,000 - April 6, 2009 33
  • 34. General Subfund Status Annual Operating Position (Revenues minus Expenses) 2009 April Adopted Budget Forecast Revision (Nov. 2008) (Apr. 2009) Difference 21,400,000 15,200,000 (6,200,000) 2008 (6,510,000) (40,530,000) (34,020,000) 2009 (14,875,000) (58,851,000) (43,976,000) 2010 April 6, 2009 34
  • 35. Cumulative Reserve Subfund (REET) Status 2009 Adopted Budget April Forecast Revision (Nov. 2008) (Apr. 2009) Resources 2008 Yearend Balance 8,481,000 10,836,000 (includes anticipated abandonments) 2009 Estimated Revenue 31,814,000 20,762,000 2010 Estimated Revenue 35,566,000 22,010,000 Total Resources Available in the Biennium 75,861,000 53,608,000 Biennial Planned Expenditures 2009-10 Debt Service Expenditures 28,013,000 28,013,000 2009-10 Discretionary Expenditures 47,021,000 47,021,000 Total Planned Expenditures in the Biennium 75,034,000 75,034,000 Balance 827,000 (21,426,000) April 6, 2009 35
  • 36. Risks to the forecast • Risks are large and mostly on the downside – This recession is different, thus harder to forecast – Housing market uncertainty is great – Forecasts assume success of stimulus, bank bailout – Savings rate shift makes it hard to forecast consumption – Construction outlook is very uncertain – Potential for more cuts at region’s large employers • Upside potential – Federal policies may be more effective than expected – B&O non-current revenue may bounce back April 6, 2009 36
  • 37. Pessimistic Revenue Scenario • Based on pessimistic U.S. forecast. Assumptions: –Financial conditions worsen, restricting access to credit • This leads to reduced spending and investment, and further weakens the housing market • The weak housing market further reduces wealth and damages consumer confidence • Causing a steeper drop in consumer spending • Employment falls for 11 consecutive quarters – Employment growth resumes in 2010 Q4 • Recovery is weak as consumers rebuild savings April 6, 2009 37
  • 38. U.S. Employment Forecast Scenarios 140 138 Baseline 136 Millions of jobs forecast 134 132 Low scenario 130 128 2007 Q1 2008 Q1 2009 Q1 2012 Q1 2010 Q1 2011 Q1 Source: Global Insight 's March 2009 U.S. forecast. April 6, 2009 38
  • 39. General Subfund Revenue Scenarios 895 890 885 Millions 880 Baseline Low 875 870 865 2008 2009 2010 April 6, 2009 39
  • 40. Real Estate Excise Tax Scenarios 35 30 25 Millions 20 Base 15 Low 10 5 - 2008 2009 2010 April 6, 2009 40