1. Chapter 2 Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales

2. a people's way of life their behavior shared understanding of themselves shared understanding of the world a guide for how we act and interpret the world (p. 34) What is culture?

3. Figure 2.1 (p. 35) Formal Functional Perceptual Regions

4. What formal , functional , and perceptual regions are we in? International scale National scale Local scale Perceptual Functional Formal

5. Formal , Functional , or Perceptual ? park space usage class-room seating pizza delivery areas most common with a meal soda bottler-store linkages

6. Vernacular Regions Figure 2.2 (p. 36)

7. Culture Regions • Culture traits • Symbols • Regional identity (awareness of belonging to a group united in a common territory) • Ways of life and the culture / landscape interface

8. map outlines Cultural Symbols flags from https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/ license plates courtesy of http://www.worldlicenseplates.com/ plants & their representation

9. Cultural Landscape • Cultural values and the landscape • Symbols • Regional identity

10. Cultural Landscapes Downtown Milwaukee & Lake Michigan LDS (Mormon) Meeting Houses Snowflake, Arizona

11. Windmill and Restaurant Three Rivers, Texas Cultural Landscapes Statue and Hotel Puerto Penasco, Sonora, Mexico ~

12. Loess Hills of Western Iowa & Missouri River Flood Plain Niagara Falls Cultural Landscapes

13. Core / Domain / Sphere of a Culture Region Figure 2.3 (p. 39) Core Domain Sphere Defining Culture Regions

14. New Hybrid Trait Distinct Culture A Distinct Culture B Syncretism

15. Name That Key Term

16. An area defined by subjective perceptions that reflect the feelings and images about key place characteristics. When these perceptions come from the local, ordinary folk, a ________ region can be called a vernacular region. Perceptual Region A region created by the interactions between a central node and surrounding locations. Functional Region An area of near uniformity (homogeneity) in one or several characteristics. An area characterized by similarity or by cohesiveness that sets it apart from other areas. Region Formal Region An awareness of being a part of a group of people living in a culture region. Regional Identity

17. A region defined by similar culture traits and cultural landscape features. Culture Region Modifications to the environment by humans, including the built environment and agricultural systems, that reflect aspects of their culture. Cultural Landscape A defining characteristic of the culture that is shared by most, if not all, members. The shared understandings that guide behavior and values and condition a group’s perception of the world. Culture is learned from one generation to the next and evolves over time. Culture Culture Trait A material object that represents some greater meaning or refers to something else. Symbol

18. The fusion of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid trait. Syncretism The area outside of the core of a culture region in which the culture is still dominant but less intense. Domain The zone of outer influence for a culture region. The zone of greatest concentration or homogeneity of the culture traits that characterize a region. Core Sphere The traditional symbiotic relationship among villages, cities, and nomadic tribes in the Middle East, in which villages grow irrigated crops, cities provide the central mosque and bazaar, and tribes herd livestock and provide transportation and protection. Ecological Trilogy

19. Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Chapter 2 Case Study

20. After completing this chapter, you will be able to: • Evaluate map layers using a geographic information system (GIS). • Define the core of a culture region on the basis of three characteristics. • Define the domain of a culture region based on the degree of agreement between culture trait boundaries. • Discuss the history and geography of the Middle East and/or American Southwest. • Identify the cultural traits that make your subregion distinctive versus those that are shared with the entire North American culture region. • Recognize symbolism as it is used to promote regional identity. • Recognize that regional imagery often promotes one group’s identity while excluding that of others.

21. • Media stereotypes and perceptions • Terrorism and U.S. armed intervention • Fertile Crescent and empires • Judaism and Islam • Ecological Trilogy • Natural landscapes • Colonialism Activity 1: The Middle East

22. Figure 2.6 (p. 42) Fertile Crescent

23. Figures 2.4, 2.7-2.10 (pp. 40 & 43-44)

24. Online Activity

25. • Vegetation and climate • Topography and physiographic provinces • Three cultures: - Native American - Hispanic - Anglo-Americans • Economy Activity 1: The American Southwest

26. Figure 2.12 (p. 45) Physiographic Regions of the Southwest

27. Figures 2.11, 2.13-2.15 (pp. 44-46)

28. Online Activity

29. (p. 53) Activity 2: Culture Traits of Your Culture Subregion

30. Activity 3: Regional Imagery

31. How are these postcards similar to or different from contemporary postcards which portray your local region?