1. T H E PA N A M E R I C A N
EXPOSITION
&
T H E WO R L D ’ S FA I R
By: Michelle Myers

2. RESEARCH PROBLEM:
How did the Pan American Exposition
and the World’s Fair symbolize and trigger
the future of America from the 19th Century
to the 20th Century?

3. DATES AND PLACES:
Pan American Exposition World’s Fair
 May 1 through November  Opened April 30, 1904
2, 1901.  Closed December 1, 1904
 Was held in Buffalo, New  Was held in St. Louis,
York. Missouri.

4. EXPOSITION:
Statistics:
The Exposition:
 Ticket Cost:
U.S. $0.25
($7.00 in 2011 dollars)
 Total Event Expense:
U.S. $7 million
($184 million in 2011 dollars)
 Visitors: 8,000,000

5. WORLD’S FAIR:
Statics:
The World’s Fair
 Space:
Occupied over 1,200 acres
 Visitors:
Over 12 million people
 Cost:
$50 cents

6. OLYMPIAN CONFUSION:

7. TRACK EVENTS:
 One of the participants, Fred Lorz, the apparent winner of the
marathon received his crown from none other than Alice
Roosevelt. But had it unceremoniously snatched away when a
local truck driver confessed he had given Lorz a lift over the last
part of the course.
Tug of war competition

8. WILLIAM MCKINLEY’S
ASSASSINATION:
 It was September 16, 1901 at 4 o’clock in the afternoon, McKinley arrived in an
open carriage outside the Temple of Music at the Pan American Exposition in
Buffalo, New York.
 He walked inside to the head of the receiving line and began shaking the hands of
Exposition visitors. His handlers expected him to remain only a short while, and about
10 minutes later, one of them pulled out his pocket watch and made a show of
looking at him. He was doing this to signal the Secret Service that the appearance was
coming to an end. When the guy did that, the man next in line stepped forward and
raised his right hand. Instead of meeting McKinley’s grasp he opened his hand and it
held a white bandage. Under the bandage was an Iver Johnson .32-caliber pistol. It was
fired twice into the President, which hit him in the chest and stomach.

9. CONTINUED:
 McKinley then straightened up, staggered from one potted plant to another and
collapsed. Blood seeping through his shirt. In the mean time Secret Service and
even bystanders tackled the shooter. One guy grabbed him by the throat and tried
choking him. The assailant insisted, “I done my duty” and yet the President still
said, “Be easy with him boys.”

10. MCKINLEY DYING:
 Mckinley clung to his life though he drifted in and out of
consciousness. During the days following the operation that
was hoped had saved his life, confidence was high that the
President would recover fully. There wasn’t only hope, but
much suspense and apprehension. However, the most tender
scene of the entire tragedy was the parting of the President and
his wife.

11. LAST WORDS:
 After some time, the President regained consciousness again. His eyes
fluttered and glanced around the room. When he saw his wife, he weakly smiled
at her and clutched her hand. They gazed into each other’s eyes and everyone
knew that it was time for him to say good-bye to the woman he loved. McKinley
opened his mouth as if to speak and his wife leaned over and put her ear to his
quivering mouth.
“ God’s will, not ours, be done,” he whispered.
“For his sake. For his sake,” she whispered back to him. She took both his
hands and smiled at him, tears flowing from her eyes.
“ Goodbye, all; goodbye. It is God’s way. His will be done.” These were the
last words McKinley spoke.

12. MR. AND MRS. MCKINLEY:
• It was on September 13, 1901( one week after shooting) at 8
o’clock the President had died.
• He was 58 years old, and was the
25th president.

13. THE MURDERER:
 Leon Czolgosz was the murderer of President McKinley.
 On August 31, 1901, Czolgosz moved to Buffalo, New York.
There, he rented a room near the site of the Pan American Exposition.
 He had bought the .32 caliber pistol on September 2 for $4.50.
 Members of the crowd immediately subdued him before the Signal
Corps and police intervened, and beat him so severely it was initially
thought he might not live to stand trial.

14. PLACES LEON HAD TO GO:
 Czolgosz was briefly held in a cell at Buffalo’s 13th Precinct house, until he was
moved to the city’s police headquarters downtown.
• He had also been to the Erie County Women’s Penitentiary, the Erie County
Jail, and to the Auburn State Prison.

15. LEON’S TRIAL:
 Nine days after McKinley’s death on September 14, was Czolgosz’s
trial on September 23.
 Czolgosz’s lawyers were unable to prepare a defense since Czolgosz
refused to speak to either one of them. Therefore, his lawyers argued at
the trial that Czolgosz could not be found guilty for the murder of the
president because he was insane at the time.
 Czolgosz refused to testify on his own defense, and did not speak at all
in court.

16. LEON’S DEATH:
 The jury unanimously recommended the death penalty.
• Czolgosz’s last words were: “I killed the President because he was the enemy
of the good people- the good working people. I am not sorry for my crime.
• When he was strapped into the chair he did say through his clenched teeth, “I
am only sorry I could not get to see my father.”
Continue

17. LEON CZOLGOSZ:
 Twenty-five minutes before Leon was officially declared to be dead..
The crowd watched his dying agonies with interest. The excitement
among them was indescribable. After the death, they had
fruit, peanuts, lemonade, sandwiches, and even prize packages of popcorn
to celebrate.

18. THE NEXT PRESIDENT:
 McKinley’s death dropped an uncertain mantle on
the shoulders of the Vice President, who could not
know and would not hope that he would soon become
President. Theodore Roosevelt( the 26th president) felt
strongly like an ordinary, helpless citizen. Not quite
43, he became the youngest president in history. He
brought new excitement and power to the
Presidency, as he vigorously led Congress and the
American public toward progressive reforms and a
strong foreign policy.

19. A L O N G W I T H M C K I N L E Y ’ S D E A T H WA S A
CAMERA MAN AND A MYSTERIOUS MAN:
 A camera man of the Thomas A. Edison Company recorded the scene on film
(The scene of McKinley’s death.). One man catches sight of the camera, looks
directly into the lens-and suddenly smiles before turning away. Whether it was a
reflex to the camera lens, bloodlust, political cynicism, or nerves, that smile-that
overwhelming inappropriate, incomprehensible smile had a meaning that remains
inaccessible to us now.

20. The last of the great Apache warriors,
took part in the World’s Fair in St. Louis
of 1904.
• It was at this fair where he described his first ride on the Ferris wheel.
In Geronimo’s words he said,
"One time the guards took me into a little house that had four windows. When we were
seated the little house started to move along the ground. Then the guards called my
attention to some curious things they had in their pockets.
"Finally they told me to look out, and when I did so I was scared, for our little house had
gone high up in the air, and the people down in the Fair Grounds looked no larger than
ants. The men laughed at me for being scared, then they gave me a glass to look through.
(I often had such glasses which I took from dead officers after battles in Mexico and
elsewhere), and I could see rivers, lakes and mountains.
"But I had never been so high in the air….Then they said, "Get out!" and when I looked
we were on the street again. After we were safe on the land, I watched many of these
little houses going up and coming down, but I cannot understand how they travel."

22. MAJOR FOODS:
 Many foods became popularized during the World’s Fair.
• Those foods are some of
America’s favorites. Without the
World’s fair we wouldn’t have
known about these foods until
later years in our history. We
might have possibly not even
known about them at all.
(waffle-style) ice cream
cones, hamburgers, hotdogs, peanut butter, ice
tea, cotton candy, Puffed Wheat cereal and Dr.
Pepper

23. A N S W E R I N G R E S E A R C H P RO B L E M :
 How did the Pan American Exposition and the World’s Fair symbolize and
trigger the future of America from the 19th Century to the 20th Century?
• It helped to shape the way our country is today. So many people
became popular at these events. Not only that, but having these
events even changed you who ran our country. For example, President
McKinley was murdered and Theodore Roosevelt became President.
Many inventions and products had also been popularized. The
World’s Fair and the Pan American Exposition were huge parts in our
world’s history.

24. ORAL HISTORY:
Questions answered by Josh Jones

25. QUESTION ONE:
 What did you think of the Pan American Exposition and the
Worlds Fair being put together?
 I think that putting the Exposition and the Worlds Fair together was
a magnificent idea.
 It brought people and inventions from all over the world.
 Those inventions and people were then found.(They were
popularized.)
 It gave small time business people, and inventors the chance to come
out with their products, or to get their name out there.

26. QUESTION TWO:
Answers:
Questions:  I think it was a tragedy, one of the many
tragedies in American History.
 What did you think of William
 I was upset about it and do not feel it’s
McKinley’s death? right for assassinations to happen.
 How did you feel about it?  Yes, because of McKinley’s death the
U.S. Congress put the U.S. Secret Service in
 Did you think there was going to be
charge of protecting future presidents.
major changes to be made?
 I think he was not expecting this, and
 How did you feel about Theodore that he was a good Vice President. Therefore
Roosevelt becoming president? that would make him a great President
because he was very intelligent and worked in
many other fields.

27. TOPIC THREE:
-Many foods became popular at the Worlds Fair in St. Louis,(waffle-style) ice
cream cones, hamburgers, hotdogs, peanut butter, ice tea, cotton candy,
Puffed Wheat cereal and Dr. Pepper were first introduced to a national
audience at the fair.

28. CONTINUED:
 What do you think about these foods?
“The other foods I love, especially Dr.
Pepper, and am glad the became well known
throughout this country.”

29. CONTINUED AGAIN:
 Do you think these foods would have been as popular in the U.S.
even if the Worlds Fair had not have been established?

30. QUESTION FOUR:
 What do you think about all of the technology that was
introduced?

31. CONTINUED:
 What do you think of the x-ray machine?

32. M C K I N L E Y A N D T H E X - R AY
M AC H I N E :
 Do you think this invention could have saved William McKinley’s
life?
“I don’t think it would have saved his
life. It would have been helpful to find
the bullet, however a fatal wound
would only have been reversed(fixed)
by future advancements like
technology(computers, MRI
machines) and medical
advancements.”

33. QUESTION FIVE:
 How do you think life would have been today, if the Exposition
and the Fair had not have happened?

34. QUESTION SIX:
( R E S E A R C H P RO B L E M )
 How did the Pan American Exposition and the Worlds Fair
symbolize and trigger the future of America from the 19th century to
the 20th century?

35. CITATIONS:
"Leon Czolgosz." Leon Czolgosz-Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., 31 Oct. 2011. Web. 06 Nov. 2011.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Czolgosz>.
"The Last Days of a President: Films of McKinley and the Pan-American
Exposition, 1901." President McKinley and the Pan-American Exposition of 1901.
The Library of Congress, 15 Apr. 1999. Web. 15 Oct. 2011.
<memory.loc.gov/ammem/papr/mckpanex.html>.
"Progress Made Visible: American World's Fairs and Expositions." Pan-American
Exposition, Buffalo, 1901. University of Delaware Library, 21 Dec. 2011. Web. 15 Oct.
2011. <http://www.lib.udel.edu/ud/spec/exhibits/fairs/pan.htm>.

36. MORE CITATIONS:
"Pan-American Exposition." Pan-American Exposition-Wikipedia, the Free
Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 12 Oct. 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2011.
<en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American_Exposition>.
Time-Life Books, ed. This Fabulous Century, 1900-1910. Vol. 1. New York:
Time-Life, 1969. Print. This Fabulous Century Sixty Years of American Life.
Phillips, Kevin. William McKinley. New York: Times, 2003. Print.

37. MORE CITATIONS:
Rauchway, Eric. Murdering McKinley(The Making of Theodore Roosevelt's
America). New York: Hill and Wang, A Division of Farrar, Straus and
Giroux, 2003. Print.
Leech, Margaret. In The Days of Mckinley. Tennessee: Kingsport, 1959. Print.

38. MORE CITATIONS:
Florence, Fabricant. "Food Stuff; At the 1904 World's Fair, Cotton Candy
and Cottolene." New York Times, June 16, 2004., 2, Newspaper
Source, EBSCOhost (accessed November 8, 2011).
ROBERT, SIEGEL. "Analysis: President William McKinley's assassination and
how it changed the conduct of all future American presidents." All Things
Considered (NPR) (n.d.): Newspaper Source, EBSCOhost (accessed November 8,
2011).
Mr. Tripodi.DVD. The World’s Greatest Fair, “World’s Fair St. Louis 1904”