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Consuming Linked Data,[object Object],Juan F. Sequeda,[object Object],Department of Computer Science,[object Object],University of Texas at Austin,[object Object],SemTech 2010,[object Object]
How many people are familiar with,[object Object],RDF,[object Object],SPARQL,[object Object],Linked Data,[object Object],Web Architecture (HTTP, etc),[object Object]
History,[object Object],Linked Data Design Issues by TimBL July 2006,[object Object],Linked Open Data Project WWW2007,[object Object],First LOD Cloud May 2007,[object Object],1st Linked Data on the Web Workshop WWW2008,[object Object],1stTriplification Challenge 2008,[object Object],How to Publish Linked Data Tutorial ISWC2008,[object Object],BBC publishes Linked Data 2008,[object Object],2nd Linked Data on the Web Workshop WWW2009,[object Object],NY Times announcement SemTech2009 - ISWC09,[object Object],1st Linked Data-a-thon ISWC2009,[object Object],1st How to Consume Linked Data Tutorial ISWC2009,[object Object],Data.gov.uk publishes Linked Data 2010,[object Object],2st How to Consume Linked Data Tutorial WWW2010,[object Object],1st International Workshop on Consuming Linked Data COLD2010,[object Object],…,[object Object]
May 2007,[object Object]
Oct 2007,[object Object]
Nov 2007 (1),[object Object]
Nov 2007 (2),[object Object]
Feb 2008,[object Object]
Mar 2008,[object Object]
Sept 2008,[object Object]
Mar 2009 (1),[object Object]
Mar 2009 (2),[object Object]
July 2009,[object Object]
June 2010,[object Object],YOU GET THE PICTURE,[object Object],ITS BIG and getting BIGGER and,[object Object],BIGGER,[object Object]
Now what can we do with this data?,[object Object]
Let’s consume it!,[object Object]
The Modigliani Test,[object Object],Show me all the locations of all the original paintings of Modigliani,[object Object],Daniel Koller (@dakoller) showed that you can find this with a SPARQL query on DBpedia,[object Object],Thanks Richard MacManus - ReadWriteWeb,[object Object]
Consuming Linked Data SemTech2010
Results of the Modigliani Test,[object Object],AtanasKiryakov from Ontotext,[object Object],Used LDSR – Linked Data Semantic Repository,[object Object],Dbpedia,[object Object],Freebase,[object Object],Geonames,[object Object],UMBEL,[object Object],Wordnet,[object Object],Published April 26, 2010:,[object Object],http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/the_modigliani_test_for_linked_data.php,[object Object]
SPARQL Query,[object Object],PREFIX fb: http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/,[object Object],PREFIX dbpedia: http://dbpedia.org/resource/,[object Object],PREFIX dbp-prop: http://dbpedia.org/property/,[object Object],PREFIX dbp-ont: http://dbpedia.org/ontology/,[object Object],PREFIX umbel-sc: http://umbel.org/umbel/sc/,[object Object],PREFIX rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#,[object Object],PREFIX ot: http://www.ontotext.com/,[object Object],SELECT DISTINCT ?painting_l ?owner_l ?city_fb_con ?city_db_loc ?city_db_cit,[object Object],WHERE ,[object Object],{  ?pfb:visual_art.artwork.artistdbpedia:Amedeo_Modigliani ;     fb:visual_art.artwork.owners [ fb:visual_art.artwork_owner_relationship.owner ?ow ] ;     ot:preferredLabel ?painting_l.     ?owot:preferredLabel ?owner_l .  OPTIONAL { ?owfb:location.location.containedby [ ot:preferredLabel ?city_fb_con ] } .  ,[object Object],OPTIONAL { ?owdbp-prop:location ?loc. ?loc rdf:type umbel-sc:City ; ot:preferredLabel ?city_db_loc } ,[object Object],OPTIONAL { ?owdbp-ont:city [ ot:preferredLabel ?city_db_cit ] }},[object Object]
Consuming Linked Data SemTech2010
Let’s start by making sure that we understand what Linked Data is…,[object Object]
Do you SEARCH or do you FIND?,[object Object]
Search for,[object Object],Football Players who went to the University of Texas at Austin, played for the Dallas Cowboys as Cornerback,[object Object]
Consuming Linked Data SemTech2010
Consuming Linked Data SemTech2010
Consuming Linked Data SemTech2010
Why can’t we just FIND it…,[object Object]
Consuming Linked Data SemTech2010
Consuming Linked Data SemTech2010
Guess how I FOUND out?,[object Object]
I’ll tell you how I did NOT find it,[object Object]
Current Web = internet + links + docs,[object Object]
So what is the problem?,[object Object],We aren’t always interested in documents,[object Object],We are interested in THINGS,[object Object],These THINGS might be in documents,[object Object],We can read a HTML document rendered in a browser and find what we are searching for,[object Object],This is hard for computers. ,[object Object],Computers have to guess (even though they are pretty good at it),[object Object]
What do we need to do?,[object Object],Make it easy for computers/software to find THINGS,[object Object]
How can we do that?,[object Object],Besides publishing documents on the web,[object Object],which computers can’t understand easily,[object Object],Let’s publish something that computers can understand,[object Object]
RAW DATA!,[object Object]
But wait… don’t we do that already?,[object Object]
Current Data on the Web,[object Object],Relational Databases,[object Object],APIs,[object Object],XML,[object Object],CSV,[object Object],XLS,[object Object],…,[object Object],Can’t computers and applications already consume that data on the web?,[object Object]
True! But it is all in different formats and data models!,[object Object]
This makes it hard to integrate data,[object Object]
The data in different data sources aren’t linked,[object Object]
For example, how do I know that the Juan Sequeda in Facebook is the same as Juan Sequeda in Twitter,[object Object]
Or if I create a mashup from different services, I have to learn different APIs and I get different formats of data back,[object Object]
Wouldn’t it be great if we had a standard way of publishing data on the Web?,[object Object]
We have a standardized way of publishing documents on the web, right?,[object Object],HTML,[object Object]
Then why can’t we have a standard way of publishing data on the Web?,[object Object]
Good question! And the answer is YES. There is!,[object Object]
Resource Description Framework (RDF),[object Object],A data model ,[object Object],A way to model data,[object Object],i.e. Relational databases use relational data model,[object Object],RDF is a triple data model,[object Object],Labeled Graph,[object Object],Subject, Predicate, Object,[object Object],<Juan> <was born in> <California>,[object Object],<California> <is part of> <the USA>,[object Object],<Juan> <likes> <the Semantic Web>,[object Object]
RDF can be serialized in different ways,[object Object],RDF/XML,[object Object],RDFa (RDF in HTML),[object Object],N3,[object Object],Turtle,[object Object],JSON,[object Object]
So does that mean that I have to publish my data in RDF now?,[object Object]
You don’t have to… but we would like you to ,[object Object]
An example,[object Object]
Document on the Web,[object Object]
Databases back up documents,[object Object],THINGS have PROPERTIES:,[object Object],A Book as a Title, an author, …,[object Object],This is a THING:,[object Object],A book title “Programming the Semantic Web” by Toby Segaran, …,[object Object]
Lets represent the data in RDF,[object Object],Programming the Semantic Web,[object Object],title,[object Object],author,[object Object],book,[object Object],Toby Segaran,[object Object],isbn,[object Object],978-0-596-15381-6,[object Object],publisher,[object Object],name,[object Object],Publisher,[object Object],O’Reilly,[object Object]
Remember that we are on the web,[object Object],Everything on the web is identified by a URI,[object Object]
And now let’s link the data to other data,[object Object],Programming the Semantic Web,[object Object],title,[object Object],author,[object Object],http://…/isbn978,[object Object],Toby Segaran,[object Object],isbn,[object Object],978-0-596-15381-6,[object Object],publisher,[object Object],name,[object Object],http://…/publisher1,[object Object],O’Reilly,[object Object]
And now consider the data from Revyu.com,[object Object],hasReview,[object Object],http://…/review1,[object Object],http://…/isbn978,[object Object],description,[object Object],reviewer,[object Object],Awesome Book,[object Object],http://…/reviewer,[object Object],name,[object Object],Juan Sequeda,[object Object]
Let’s start to link data,[object Object],hasReview,[object Object],http://…/review1,[object Object],http://…/isbn978,[object Object],Programming the Semantic Web,[object Object],title,[object Object],description,[object Object],sameAs,[object Object],hasReviewer,[object Object],Awesome Book,[object Object],author,[object Object],http://…/isbn978,[object Object],Toby Segaran,[object Object],http://…/reviewer,[object Object],name,[object Object],isbn,[object Object],978-0-596-15381-6,[object Object],Juan Sequeda,[object Object],publisher,[object Object],name,[object Object],http://…/publisher1,[object Object],O’Reilly,[object Object]
Juan Sequeda publishes data too,[object Object],http://juansequeda.com/id,[object Object],http://dbpedia.org/Austin,[object Object],livesIn,[object Object],name,[object Object],Juan Sequeda,[object Object]
Let’s link more data,[object Object],hasReview,[object Object],http://…/review1,[object Object],http://…/isbn978,[object Object],description,[object Object],hasReviewer,[object Object],Awesome Book,[object Object],http://…/reviewer,[object Object],name,[object Object],Juan Sequeda,[object Object],sameAs,[object Object],http://juansequeda.com/id,[object Object],http://dbpedia.org/Austin,[object Object],livesIn,[object Object],name,[object Object],Juan Sequeda,[object Object]
And more,[object Object],hasReview,[object Object],http://…/review1,[object Object],http://…/isbn978,[object Object],Programming the Semantic Web,[object Object],title,[object Object],description,[object Object],sameAs,[object Object],hasReviewer,[object Object],Awesome Book,[object Object],author,[object Object],http://…/isbn978,[object Object],Toby Segaran,[object Object],http://…/reviewer,[object Object],name,[object Object],isbn,[object Object],978-0-596-15381-6,[object Object],Juan Sequeda,[object Object],publisher,[object Object],sameAs,[object Object],http://…/publisher1,[object Object],name,[object Object],O’Reilly,[object Object],http://juansequeda.com/id,[object Object],http://dbpedia.org/Austin,[object Object],livesIn,[object Object],name,[object Object],Juan Sequeda,[object Object]
Data on the Web that is in RDF and is linked to other RDF data is LINKED DATA,[object Object]
Linked Data Principles,[object Object],Use URIs as names for things,[object Object],Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up (dereference) those names.,[object Object],When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information.,[object Object],Include links to other URIs so that they can discover more things.,[object Object]
Linked Data makes the web appear as ONEGIANTHUGEGLOBALDATABASE!,[object Object]
I can query a database with SQL. Is there a way to query Linked Data with a query language?,[object Object]
Yes! There is actually a standardize language for that,[object Object],SPARQL,[object Object]
FIND all the reviews on the book “Programming the Semantic Web” by people who live in Austin,[object Object]
hasReview,[object Object],http://…/review1,[object Object],http://…/isbn978,[object Object],Programming the Semantic Web,[object Object],title,[object Object],description,[object Object],sameAs,[object Object],hasReviewer,[object Object],Awesome Book,[object Object],author,[object Object],http://…/isbn978,[object Object],Toby Segaran,[object Object],http://…/reviewer,[object Object],name,[object Object],isbn,[object Object],978-0-596-15381-6,[object Object],Juan Sequeda,[object Object],publisher,[object Object],sameAs,[object Object],name,[object Object],http://…/publisher1,[object Object],O’Reilly,[object Object],http://juansequeda.com,[object Object],http://dbpedia.org/Austin,[object Object],livesIn,[object Object],name,[object Object],Juan Sequeda,[object Object]
This looks cool, but let’s be realistic. What is the incentive to publish Linked Data?,[object Object]
What was your incentive to publish an HTML page in 1990?,[object Object]
1) Share data in documents2) Because you neighbor was doing it,[object Object]
So why should we publish Linked Data in 2010?,[object Object]
1) Share data as data2) Because you neighbor is doing it,[object Object]
And guess who is starting to publish Linked Data now?,[object Object]
Linked Data Publishers,[object Object],UK Government,[object Object],US Government,[object Object],BBC,[object Object],Open Calais – Thomson Reuters,[object Object],Freebase,[object Object],NY Times,[object Object],Best Buy,[object Object],CNET,[object Object],Dbpedia,[object Object],Are you?,[object Object]
How can I publish Linked Data?,[object Object]
Publishing Linked Data,[object Object],Legacy Data in Relational Databases,[object Object],D2R Server,[object Object],Virtuoso,[object Object],Triplify,[object Object],Ultrawrap,[object Object],CMS,[object Object],Drupal 7,[object Object],Native RDF Stores,[object Object],Databases for RDF (Triple Stores),[object Object],AllegroGraph, Jena, Sesame, Virtuoso,[object Object],Talis Platform (Linked Data in the Cloud),[object Object],In HTML with RDFa,[object Object]
Consuming Linked Data by Humans,[object Object]
HTML Browsers,[object Object]
Links to other URIs,[object Object]
<span rel="foaf:interest">,[object Object],<a href="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Database" property="dcterms:title">Database</a>,,[object Object],<a href="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Data_integration" property="dcterms:title">Data Integration</a>,,[object Object],<a href="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Semantic_Web" property="dcterms:title">Semantic Web</a>,,[object Object],<a href="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Linked_Data" property="dcterms:title">Linked Data</a>,,[object Object],etc.</span>,[object Object]
HTML Browsers,[object Object],RDF can be serialized in RDFa,[object Object],Have you heard of,[object Object],Yahoo’s Search Monkey,[object Object],Google Rich Snippets?,[object Object],They are consuming RDFa,[object Object],But WHY?,[object Object]
Because there is life beyond ten blue links,[object Object]
Consuming Linked Data SemTech2010
Google and Yahoo are starting to crawl RDFa!,[object Object],The Semantic Web is a reality!,[object Object]
The Reality,[object Object],Yahoo is crawling data that is in RDFa and Microformats under a specific vocabularies ,[object Object],FOAF,[object Object],GoodRelations,[object Object],…,[object Object],Google is crawling RDFa and Microformats that use the Google vocabulary,[object Object]
Linked Data Browsers,[object Object]
Linked Data Browsers,[object Object],Not actually separate browsers. Run inside of HTML browsers,[object Object],View the data that is returned after looking up a URI in tabular form,[object Object],(IMO) UI lacks usability,[object Object]
Consuming Linked Data SemTech2010
Linked Data Browsers,[object Object],Tabulator,[object Object],http://www.w3.org/2005/ajar/tab,[object Object],OpenLink,[object Object],http://ode.openlinksw.com/,[object Object],ZitgistDataviewr,[object Object],http://dataviewer.zitgist.com/,[object Object],Marbles,[object Object],http://www5.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/marbles/,[object Object],Explorator,[object Object],http://www.tecweb.inf.puc-rio.br/explorator,[object Object]
Faceted Browsers,[object Object]
http://dbpedia.neofonie.de,[object Object]
http://dev.semsol.com/2010/semtech/,[object Object]
On-the-fly Mashups,[object Object]
http://sig.ma,[object Object]
What’s next?,[object Object]
Time to create new and innovative ways to interact with Linked Data,[object Object]
This may be one of the Killer Apps that we have all been waiting for,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mosaic_browser_plaque_ncsa.jpg,[object Object]
It’s time to partner with HCI community,[object Object],Semantic Web UIs don’t have to be ugly,[object Object]
Consume Linked Data with SPARQL,[object Object]
SPARQL Endpoints,[object Object],Linked Data sources usually provide a SPARQL endpoint for their dataset(s),[object Object],SPARQL endpoint: SPARQL query processing service that supports the SPARQL protocol*,[object Object],Send your SPARQL query, receive the result,[object Object],* http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-protocol/,[object Object]
Where can I find SPARQL Endpoints?,[object Object],Dbpedia: http://dbpedia.org/sparql,[object Object],Musicbrainz: http://dbtune.org/musicbrainz/sparql,[object Object],U.S. Census: http://www.rdfabout.com/sparql,[object Object],Semantic Crunchbase: http://cb.semsol.org/sparql,[object Object],http://esw.w3.org/topic/SparqlEndpoints,[object Object]
Accessing a SPARQL Endpoint,[object Object],SPARQL endpoints: RESTful Web services,[object Object],Issuing SPARQL queries to a remote SPARQL endpoint is basically an HTTP GET request to the SPARQL endpoint with parameter query,[object Object],GET /sparql?query=PREFIX+rd... HTTP/1.1 Host: dbpedia.orgUser-agent: my-sparql-client/0.1,[object Object],URL-encoded string with the SPARQL query,[object Object]
Query Results Formats,[object Object],SPARQL endpoints usually support different result formats:,[object Object],XML, JSON, plain text (for ASK and SELECT queries),[object Object],RDF/XML, NTriples, Turtle, N3 (for DESCRIBE and CONSTRUCT queries),[object Object]
Query Results Formats,[object Object],PREFIX dbp: http://dbpedia.org/ontology/,[object Object],PREFIX dbpprop: http://dbpedia.org/property/,[object Object],SELECT ?name ?bdayWHERE { ,[object Object],   ?pdbp:birthplace <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin> . ,[object Object],   ?pdbpprop:dateOfBirth ?bday . ,[object Object],   ?pdbpprop:name ?name .,[object Object],},[object Object]
Consuming Linked Data SemTech2010
Consuming Linked Data SemTech2010
Query Result Formats,[object Object],Use the ACCEPT header to request the preferred result format:,[object Object],GET /sparql?query=PREFIX+rd... HTTP/1.1 ,[object Object],Host: dbpedia.org,[object Object],User-agent: my-sparql-client/0.1 ,[object Object],Accept: application/sparql-results+json,[object Object]
Query Result Formats,[object Object],As an alternative some SPARQL endpoint implementations (e.g. Joseki) provide an additional parameter out,[object Object],GET /sparql?out=json&query=... HTTP/1.1 ,[object Object],Host: dbpedia.org,[object Object],User-agent: my-sparql-client/0.1,[object Object]
Accessing a SPARQL Endpoint,[object Object],More convenient: use a library,[object Object],SPARQL JavaScript Library,[object Object],http://www.thefigtrees.net/lee/blog/2006/04 sparql_calendar_demo_a_sparql.html,[object Object],ARC for PHP,[object Object],http://arc.semsol.org/,[object Object],RAP – RDF API for PHP,[object Object],http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/rdfapi/index.html,[object Object]
Accessing a SPARQL Endpoint,[object Object],Jena / ARQ (Java),[object Object],http://jena.sourceforge.net/,[object Object],Sesame (Java),[object Object],http://www.openrdf.org/,[object Object],SPARQL Wrapper (Python),[object Object],http://sparql-wrapper.sourceforge.net/,[object Object],PySPARQL (Python),[object Object],http://code.google.com/p/pysparql/,[object Object]
Accessing a SPARQL Endpoint,[object Object],Example with Jena/ARQ,[object Object],import com.hp.hpl.jena.query.*;,[object Object],String service = "..."; // address of the SPARQL endpoint ,[object Object],String query = "SELECT ..."; // your SPARQL query ,[object Object],QueryExecutione = QueryExecutionFactory.sparqlService(service, query),[object Object],ResultSet results = e.execSelect(); ,[object Object],while ( results.hasNext() ) {,[object Object],QuerySolutions = results.nextSolution(); ,[object Object],		// ...,[object Object],} ,[object Object],e.close();,[object Object]
Querying a single dataset is quite boring,[object Object],compared to:,[object Object],Issuing SPARQL queries over multiple datasets,[object Object],How can you do this?,[object Object],Issue follow-up queries to different endpoints,[object Object],Querying a central collection of datasets,[object Object],Build store with copies of relevant datasets,[object Object],Use query federation system,[object Object]
Follow-up Queries,[object Object],Idea: issue follow-up queries over other datasets based on results from previous queries,[object Object],Substituting placeholders in query templates,[object Object]
String s1 = "http://cb.semsol.org/sparql"; ,[object Object],String s2 = "http://dbpedia.org/sparql";,[object Object],String qTmpl = "SELECT ?c WHERE{ <%s> rdfs:comment ?c }";,[object Object],String q1 = "SELECT ?s WHERE { ..."; ,[object Object],QueryExecution e1 = QueryExecutionFactory.sparqlService(s1,q1); ,[object Object],ResultSet results1 = e1.execSelect(); ,[object Object],while ( results1.hasNext() ) {,[object Object],QuerySolution s1 = results.nextSolution(); ,[object Object],	String q2 = String.format( qTmpl, s1.getResource("s"),getURI() );,[object Object],QueryExecution e2= QueryExecutionFactory.sparqlService(s2,q2); ,[object Object],ResultSet results2 = e2.execSelect(); ,[object Object],	while ( results2.hasNext() ) {,[object Object],		// ... ,[object Object],	},[object Object],	e2.close();,[object Object],},[object Object],e1.close();,[object Object],Find a list of companies ,[object Object],Filtered by some criteria and return DbpediaURIs from them,[object Object]
Follow-up Queries,[object Object],Advantage,[object Object],Queried data is up-to-date,[object Object],Drawbacks,[object Object],Requires the existence of a SPARQL endpoint for each dataset,[object Object],Requires program logic,[object Object],Very inefficient,[object Object]
Querying a Collection of Datasets,[object Object],Idea: Use an existing SPARQL endpoint that provides access to a set of copies of relevant datasets,[object Object],Example:,[object Object],SPARQL endpoint over a majority of datasets from the LOD cloud at:,[object Object],http://uberblic.org,[object Object],http://lod.openlinksw.com/sparql,[object Object]
Querying a Collection of Datasets,[object Object],Advantage:,[object Object],No need for specific program logic,[object Object],Drawbacks:,[object Object],Queried data might be out of date ,[object Object],Not all relevant datasets in the collection,[object Object]
Own Store of Dataset Copies,[object Object],Idea: Build your own store with copies of relevant datasets and query it,[object Object],Possible stores:,[object Object],Jena TDB http://jena.hpl.hp.com/wiki/TDB,[object Object],Sesame http://www.openrdf.org/,[object Object],OpenLink Virtuoso http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/,[object Object],4store http://4store.org/,[object Object],AllegroGraphhttp://www.franz.com/agraph/,[object Object],etc.,[object Object]
Populating Your Store,[object Object],Get RDF dumps provided for the datasets,[object Object],(Focused) Crawling,[object Object],ldspiderhttp://code.google.com/p/ldspider/,[object Object],Multithreaded API for focussed crawling,[object Object],Crawling strategies (breath-first, load-balancing),[object Object],Flexible configuration with callbacks and hooks,[object Object]
Own Store of Dataset Copies,[object Object],Advantages:,[object Object],No need for specific program logic ,[object Object],Can include all datasets,[object Object],Independent of the existence, availability, and efficiency of SPARQL endpoints,[object Object],Drawbacks:,[object Object],Requires effort to set up and to operate the store ,[object Object],Ideally, data sources provide RDF dumps; if not? ,[object Object],How to keep the copies in sync with the originals?,[object Object],Queried data might be out of date,[object Object]
Federated Query Processing,[object Object],Idea: Querying a mediator which distributes sub-queries to relevant sources and integrates the results,[object Object]
Federated Query Processing,[object Object],Instance-based federation,[object Object],Each thing described by only one data source ,[object Object],Untypical for the Web of Data,[object Object],Triple-based federation,[object Object],No restrictions ,[object Object],Requires more distributed joins,[object Object],Statistics about datasets required (both cases),[object Object]
Federated Query Processing,[object Object],DARQ (Distributed ARQ),[object Object],http://darq.sourceforge.net/,[object Object],Query engine for federated SPARQL queries,[object Object],Extension of ARQ (query engine for Jena),[object Object],Last update: June 28, 2006,[object Object],Semantic Web Integrator and Query Engine(SemWIQ),[object Object],http://semwiq.sourceforge.net/,[object Object],Actively maintained,[object Object]
Federated Query Processing,[object Object],Advantages:,[object Object],No need for specific program logic ,[object Object],Queried data is up to date,[object Object],Drawbacks:,[object Object],Requires the existence of a SPARQL endpoint for each dataset,[object Object],Requires effort to set up and configure the mediator,[object Object]
In any case:,[object Object],You have to know the relevant data sources,[object Object],When developing the app using follow-up queries,[object Object],When selecting an existing SPARQL endpoint over a collection of dataset copies,[object Object],When setting up your own store with a collection of dataset copies,[object Object],When configuring your query federation system ,[object Object],You restrict yourself to the selected sources,[object Object]
In any case:,[object Object],You have to know the relevant data sources,[object Object],When developing the app using follow-up queries,[object Object],When selecting an existing SPARQL endpoint over a collection of dataset copies,[object Object],When setting up your own store with a collection of dataset copies,[object Object],When configuring your query federation system ,[object Object],You restrict yourself to the selected sources,[object Object],There is an alternative: ,[object Object],Remember, URIs link to data,[object Object]
Automated Link Traversal,[object Object],Idea: Discover further data by looking up relevant URIs in your application,[object Object],Can be combined with the previous approaches,[object Object]
Link Traversal Based Query Execution,[object Object],Applies the idea of automated link traversal to the execution of SPARQL queries,[object Object],Idea:,[object Object],Intertwine query evaluation with traversal of RDF links,[object Object],Discover data that might contribute to query results during query execution,[object Object],Alternately:,[object Object],Evaluate parts of the query ,[object Object],Look up URIs in intermediate solutions,[object Object]
Link Traversal Based Query Execution,[object Object]
Link Traversal Based Query Execution,[object Object]
Link Traversal Based Query Execution,[object Object]
Link Traversal Based Query Execution,[object Object]
Link Traversal Based Query Execution,[object Object]
Link Traversal Based Query Execution,[object Object]
Link Traversal Based Query Execution,[object Object]
Link Traversal Based Query Execution,[object Object]
Link Traversal Based Query Execution,[object Object]
Link Traversal Based Query Execution,[object Object]
Link Traversal Based Query Execution,[object Object],Advantages:,[object Object],No need to know all data sources in advance,[object Object],No need for specific programming logic,[object Object],Queried data is up to date,[object Object],Does not depend on the existence of SPARQL endpoints provided by the data sources,[object Object],Drawbacks:,[object Object],Not as fast as a centralized collection of copies,[object Object],Unsuitable for some queries,[object Object],Results might be incomplete (do we care?),[object Object]
Implementations,[object Object],Semantic Web Client library (SWClLib) for Java,[object Object],http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/ng4j/semwebclient/,[object Object],SWIC for Prolog,[object Object],http://moustaki.org/swic/,[object Object]
Implementations,[object Object],SQUIN http://squin.org,[object Object],Provides SWClLib functionality as a Web service,[object Object],Accessible like a SPARQL endpoint,[object Object],Install package: unzip and start,[object Object],Less than 5 mins!,[object Object],Convenient access with SQUIN PHP tools:,[object Object],$s = 'http:// ...'; // address of the SQUIN service ,[object Object],$q = new SparqlQuerySock( $s, '... SELECT ...' ); ,[object Object],$res = $q->getJsonResult();// or getXmlResult(),[object Object]
Real World Example,[object Object]
Getting Started	,[object Object],Finding URIs,[object Object],Finding Additional Data,[object Object],Finding SPARQL Endpoints,[object Object]
What is a Linked Data application,[object Object],Software system that makes use of data on the web from multiple datasets and that benefits from links between the datasets,[object Object]
Characteristics of Linked Data Applications,[object Object],[object Object]
Discover further information by following the links between different data sources: the fourth principle enables this.
Combine the consumed linked data with data from sources (not necessarily Linked Data)
Expose the combined data back to the web following the Linked Data principles

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Consuming Linked Data SemTech2010

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  • 149. Discover further information by following the links between different data sources: the fourth principle enables this.
  • 150. Combine the consumed linked data with data from sources (not necessarily Linked Data)
  • 151. Expose the combined data back to the web following the Linked Data principles
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