Josep Guerrero as Keynote Speaker at ENERGYCON2014

MICROGRID TECHNOLOGIES
FOR FUTURE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATIONS
Prof. Josep M. Guerrero
Microgrid Research Programme – Aalborg University
Dubrovnik 2014/5/16

2Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU
 Microgrid Definition and Operation
 Microgrid Research Programme in AAU
 Microgrid Research activities and laboratories
 Electrical Vehicle Charging Station Project

What is a Microgrid?
Main
Utility Grid
PCC
Household appliances and electronics
DC Coupled Subsystem
Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids
3
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU 3

MicroGrids are defined according to the IEEE Std 1547.4-2011
 Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of DR Island Systems with EPS.
The term DR island systems, sometimes referred to as microgrids, is used for electrical power systems (EPS)
as:
1. Have DR and load
2. Have the ability to disconnect from and parallel with the area EPS include the local EPS and may include
portions of the area EPS, and
3. Include the local EPS and may include
portions of the area EPS, and they are
intentionally planned.
DR island systems can be either
local or area EPS islands
4

5
Primary Control
Tertiary
Control
Secondary Control
Modeling + Inner loops + droop Control (P/Q Sharing).
Power Import/export from/to the grid.
f/V Restoration (Island)
Synchronization (Island to grid Connected mode)
Why smart micro Grids?

Problem: Harmonics in Microgrids
Possible solutions:
- One DG unit could give more harmonics than
another. (harmonic current sharing)
- Voltage Harmonic Reduction (Control strategies
for HC)
Problem: Unbalances in Microgrids
Possible solutions:
- By means of sec. control, PCC voltage
unbalances can be compensated by control
signals to the primary level.
- Voltage Unbalance Compensation (Control
strategies)
Test and verification that the proposed solutions follow the European
power quality standards IEC 61727 and IEC 61000-3-6.
6

7
Distribution network with multiple MG setup
Centralized Control Distributed control

Timbus et Al. Management of DER Using Standarized Communications and modern Technologies
Communication model provided by IEC
61850 & IEC 61400-25 to describe the
physical devices in the network model.
• Study meter-bus technology solutions to
integrate smart meters and data
concentrators according to EN13757.
•Develop different levels of communications
architectures for residential AMI following
IEC61968-9 (interface standard for meter
reading and control).
•Integrate smart meters and data
concentrators in different levels of wireless
and meshed network architectures,
according to EN13757-5 (standard for radio
mesh meter-bus) and EN13757-4 (wireless
meter-bus).
8

9
Main
Utility Grid
PCC
Household appliances and electronics
DC Coupled Subsystem
Source Protection Network Protection Bidirectional Protection
Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU

2012
103
490

DSO 1.42 rmb/kWh
1.00 rmb/kWh
PCC
Auto-consumption

12
 Voltage Levels 380V; 10kV
 Installed Capacity 1MW;
1MW ‐ 5 MW;
5 MW – 50 MW;
2 MW
PV Microgrid@Yushu

30
10
20
= 30 Microgrid demonstration Total Power: 1.2 GW

Centralized production in the mid 80’s Decentralized production of today
District heating and CHP have reduced Denmark’s CO2-emission by 1/5.

Traditional consumer Future prosumer
 Passive  Active
 Only loads – fixed by the consumer  Shiftable loads/generation
 No storage  Storage systems/EV
 Electricity/thermal energy not coupled
 Manual management
 EMS take care of global energy objectives
 Load-dependent power quality  Power quality system control
 Unidirectional power flow
 Bidirectional power flow according to energy hourly
pricing, etc.
 Considers only local residential energy
 Considers both local-residential and global-
neighborhood energy requirements 18
Smart Grid Strategy
Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Building
May 2013
50%
consumers
remotely
read hourly
meters
Model for
hourly
settle and
variable
tariffs
Wholesale and retail markets ready to manage
flexible electricity consumption
Energy
Sector
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

 Residential Microgrids - 2013 DK Smart Grid Strategy
(2015 hourly electricity pricing)
 Hydrogen Communities (Vestenkov, Lolland) – IRD
 Small remote/isolated Microgrids
 Large remote Microgrids:
Geographical islands
(70 habited islands in DK)

4,000 people
22 villages
11 x 1MW-WT
10 x 2MW offshore WT
The turbines supply more power than the residents
need— Exports 80 million kWh wind-produced
electricity annually
Heating plant in Nordby relies on wood chips to create
hot water and heat for the villagers.
Many rural Samsingers also install highly efficient
wood boilers in their homes if they cannot be
connected to one of the district heating plants.
70 % of the island's heat and hot water needs

The Bornholm power system consists of
the following main components:
 132/60 kV substation in Sweden
 Connection between Sweden and Bornholm
 60 kV network
 10 kV network
 0.4 kV network
 Loads
 Customers
 Generation units
 Control room
 Communication system
 Biogas plant “Biokraft”
 District heating systems

Aalborg University was created with the establishment of a number of new faculties in 1974.
Aalborg University is characterised by its education form of Problem Based Project (PBL) – also
known as the Aalborg model.
The number of students is around 15,000.
23

• Approximately 40 faculty members
• Approximately 70 PhD students
• Approximately 250 students
• Approximately 20 TAPs (technical administrative employees)
• Approximately 50% of the turnover comes from external projects
Organisation – Department of Energy Techonolgy
Electric
Power
Systems
Wind Turbine Systems
Fluid Power in Wind and Wave Energy
Biomass
Microgrids
Modern Power Transmission Systems
Smart Grids and Active Networks
Fuel Cell and Battery Systems
Automotive and Industrial Drives
Thermal
Energy
Systems
Power
Electronic
Systems
Electrical
Machines
Fluid Power
Mechatronic
Systems
Mechanics
and
Combustion
Multi-disciplinary Research Programmes
Photovoltaic Systems
24
John K. Pedersen
Head of the Institute of
Energy Technology,
Aalborg University.

MicroGrid Research
Programme Areas
AC MicroGrids
DC MicroGrids
 Modeling
 Control & Operation
 Energy Storage
 Protection
 Power Quality
 Standard-based ICT
 Networked Control
 EMS & Optimization
 Multi-Agents
MICROGRID RESEARCH PROGRAMME
25

MICROGRID RESEARCH TEAMMICROGRID RESEARCH TEAM @ AALBORG
Josep M.
Guerrero
Tomislav
Dragicevic
DC MGs
Fabio
Andrade
MGs stability
Qobad
Shafiee
Secondary
Control
Lexuan Meng
Tertiary
Control
Dan Wu
Primary
Control
Chendan Li
MGs
Agents
Yajuan Guan
Ancillary
services for MGs
Nelson Diaz
Energy storage
for MicroGrids
Chi Zhang
LVDC
distribution MGs
Hengwei Lin
Management
and Protection
for Microgrids
Xin Zhao
AC/DC
Hybrid MG
Bo Sun
EV Charging
Stations
Javier
Roldan
LVRT &
PQ
Valerio
Mariani
Nonlinear
Control
Ernane
Coelho
MGs
modelling
Juan C.
Vasquez
Min Chen
Power
Electronics
Yang Han
PQ & MV
MGs
26

27 27
Every setup is able to emulate a multi-converter low-
voltage Microgrid, local and energy management control
programmed in dSPACE real-time control platforms.

28 28
Every setup is able to emulate a multi-converter low-
voltage Microgrid, local and energy management control
programmed in dSPACE real-time control platforms.

29
DC power line
AC power line
4x Danfoss
FC302
2.2kW
dSPACE 1006
REGATRON E11083002
0..800 VDC/0..50A/
64KW
TRAF
.…
dSPACE 1006
29
To emulate
long distances
The laboratory is
based on 6 workstations
• 4 DC-AC power electronics converters,
• LCL-filters,
• ABB Motorized change-over switches
• Kamstrup Smart-meters.

Load
Main
Grid
. . . to
Workstation
3-6
Power flow
Load
Main
Grid
Local distribution
network
L
30

Bidirectional
powersupply
Electric
Panelboard
Workstation
4
DC power line
AC power line SmartMeters
Cabine
t
Workstation
3
Workstation5
Workstation6
Workstation2
Workstation1
Communication Nodes
31

Real-time control
and monitoring
platform through
Control-Desk
Electrical schemes
from Matlab
simpowersystem
library are directly
compiled into C
code and
downloaded to
the dSPACE
32

33
Oct. 14 – Oct. 15
2013
Nov. 26 – Nov. 27
2013
Oct. 16 – Oct. 17
2013
Oct. 28 – Oct. 30
2013
Industrial/PhD course on
EMS and Optimization in
Microgrids - In Theory
and Practice

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk
Microgrid
research and
activities
34

35
 Microgrid Research and demonstration projects
 Microgrid Research Programme and laboratories

37
Research Practical problems
AAU
SSEC
Chinese sideDanish side
2013 Sino Danish Collaboration Project
Objectives:
 Test problems derived by the microgrid operation
 Hardware-in-the-loop initial tests
373737
37EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013

38 38EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013

39
PV power generation subsystem
PV array installed on the roof of Shanghai ShenZhou New Energy B plant, installed
capacity of 130 kVA, east-west array configuration, adopt the fixed angle best
installation.
39 39EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013

Wind power generation subsystem
Total wind power installed capacity: 20kVA. (2 x 10 kW Wind Turbines)
4040
404040

Battery energy storage system, power electronics and control.
4141
414141

42
Data acquisition and control frontend.
EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013 4242
424242

43
4343
434343
43
The RED project was successfully finalized with the
Microgrid demonstration facility
RED project was a good first step towards our long term project…
EUDP Sino-danish 18 october 2013

444444
 Aalborg University – Microgrid Research Programme
 Kamstrup A/S – Omnia Suite
Danish Side
Chinese Side
 Shanghai Solar Energy Ltd – Microgrid implementation project
 Tsinghua University – Leading University in China

45
Research
Implementation
Implementation
Demonstration
AAU Kamstrup
SSECTSU
Chinese side
Danish side
454545
454545

46 46
 Research in the iMGlab-AAU
 To be Implemented at the facility microgrid in Shanghai
(developed as a result of the RED-project)

4747
474747

48
 Phase I: Design, modelling and control.
 Phase II: Coordination control schemes between microgrid elements, including
communication systems and energy management systems for DC microgrids.
 Phase III: Creation of two Living Labs as a user-centred research concept, to test
innovation systems and elements that can conform a DC microgrid for different
applications.
• Home DC Microgrid Living Lab, at AAU
to research and test DC distribution for
1-2 family houses
• 工业微网设计 Industrial DC Microgrid Living
Lab,
At North China Electrical Power University (China),
for research, demo and test of energy solutions
for commercial buildings.

Danish
50

Phase 1.
Phase 2.
Phase 3
380Vdc
Powered Home
51

52
380Vdc
Powered Home
1. Vdc consumer electronics
2. 12/24 Vdc wall sockets
3. 12 Vdc LED lighting
4. 24 Vdc home entertainment system
5. 12 Vdc coffee maker
6. 12 Vdc refrigerator
7. 24 Vdc vacuum cleaner
8. 48 Vdc washing machine
9. 48 Vdc air conditioner
10. 12 Vdc hair dryer
11. 48 Vdc whisper wind turbine
12. PVs connected in 380vdc bus bar
13. 380vdc charger
14. 380vdc busway distribution system

5353
535353

54
Zagreb University
Prof. Igor Kuzle
Narvik University College
Prof. Bernt A. Bremdal
Aalborg University
Prof. Josep M. Guerrero
5454
545454

55
 International project with 3 main partners
(Aalborg University, University of Zagreb and Narvik University)
 Focus on 6 areas of research:
 Integration of energy storage system in distribution grids as a vital
part of smart charging station (CS),
 Finding optimal storage technology and capacity,
 Control design of charging stations to allow wide usage of electric
vehicles,
 Mitigating the impact on power system and providing reserve to
the system operator,
 Assembly of reduced scale experimental test bench to verify the
simultaneous operation,
 Coordination concept for the proposed flexible electric vehicle
charging infrastructure.
5555
555555

575757 57
EV Charge Scenario

585858 58Microgrid Research Programme – ET – AAU

595959 59
EV Charge Ports

606060 60
EV with DC fast charge option

616161 61
Unidirectional fast charging station
3 phases

626262 62
Communication for fast charger

636363 63
Charging station with ESS and DG

646464 64
Electric charging station in Iwate, Shizuoka,
Japan.
Site communication
Secondary
control
Electric Vehicles
Flywheels
Batteries
WP4
DC bus
WP5
Utility main
Grid
Supercaps
WP1
WP3
WP2
Flexible Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Flex-ChEV
PV
WT
Supervisory
controller

656565 65
EVCS can/may participate with the grid frequency?
Utility
main
Grid
Secondary
control
Electric VehiclesFlywheels
Batteries
DC bus
Supercaps
 Primary Control
LV Resistive lines assumption
 Grid forming EVCS
f = f* – m(Q – Q*)
 Grid following EVCS
Q = Q* – kf(f – f*)
 Secondary control
dQ = PI(f* – f)

666666 66
EVCS can/may participate with the voltage support?
Secondary
control
Batteries
DC bus
Supercaps
 Primary Control
LV Resistive lines assumption
 Grid forming EVCS
V = V* – m(P – P*)
 Grid following EVCS
P = P* – kv(V – V*)
 Secondary control
dP = PI(V* – V)

676767 67
EVCS can/may coordinate harmonic/unbalance compensation?
Whac-a-mole effect
Primary control
Harmonic virtual
impedance
Secondary control
Harmonic/unbalance
coordination control

686868 68
EVCS can/may coordinate unbalance compensation?
Secondary
control
Batteries
DC bus
Supercaps

696969 69
Functionalities of the EVCS
 P/Q coordination
 Frequency participation
 Voltage support
 Unbalance compensation
 Harmonics sharing

70
Dragicevic, Tomislav; Pandžić, Hrvoje; Škrlec, Davor; Kuzle, Igor; Guerrero, Josep M.; Kirschen, Daniel ” Capacity
Optimization of Renewable Energy Sources and Battery Storage in an Autonomous Telecommunication Facility.
I E E E Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014.
Dragicevic, Tomislav; Shafiee, Qobad; Wu, Dan; Meng, Lexuan; Vasquez, Juan Carlos; Guerrero, Josep M. / Modeling
and Control of Flexible HEV Charging Station upgraded with Flywheel Energy Storage.
Proceedings of the 11th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, SSD 2014. IEEE Press, 2014.
El Fadil, Hassan; Giri, Fouad; Guerrero, Josep M. / Modeling and Nonlinear Control of Fuel Cell / Supercapacitor
Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles.
In: I E E E Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2014.
Dragicevic, Tomislav; Vasquez, Juan Carlos; Guerrero, Josep M.; Skrlec, Davor / Advanced LVDC Electrical Power
Architectures and Microgrids : A Step towards a New Generation of Power Distribution Networks.
In: I E E E Electrification Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 1, 03.2014, p. 54-65 .
Dragicevic, Tomislav; Guerrero, Josep M.; Sucic, Stepjan / Flywheel-Based Distributed Bus Signalling Strategy for the
Public Fast Charging Station. In: I E E E Transactions on Smart Grid, 2014.
Gouveia, C.; Moreira, C.L.; Lopes, J.A.P., "Microgrids emergency management exploiting EV, demand response and
energy storage units," PowerTech (POWERTECH), 2013 IEEE Grenoble , vol., no., pp.1,6, 16-20 June 2013
J.A. Peças Lopes, Silvan A. Polenz, C.L. Moreira, Rachid Cherkaoui, Identification of control and management
strategies for LV unbalanced microgrids with plugged-in electric vehicles, Electric Power Systems Research, Volume
80, Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 898-906.

71 71
Juan C. Vasquez juq@et.aau.dk
Josep M. Guerrero joz@et.aau.dk
For cooperation or further information,
please contact us:
www.microgrids.aau.dk

Josep Guerrero as Keynote Speaker at ENERGYCON2014

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Josep Guerrero as Keynote Speaker at ENERGYCON2014