1. Reference Source

2.  a tool, which indicates to a user the information or a
source of information that one needs
 a systematic guide designed to indicate subjects,
topics, or features of documents in order to facilitate
their retrieval
 The word index was derived from the stem of the Latin
verb dicare, which literally means “to show” and the
prefix in was used to indicare the directions from a
point outside to one within a limited distance, thus
generating the verb “indicare” which is to “make
known, point out, reveal, declare, give essential
information”, among others (Wellisch, 1996).

3.  Index is defined as systematic guide to the contents of
a file, document or group of documents, consisting of
an ordered arrangement of terms or other symbols
representing the contents and reference code
numbers, page numbers, etc. for accessing the
contents (ALA. 1984).

4.  the process of identifying and assigning index terms to
a document, either to describe its physical
characteristics, give facts about its creator or
distribution, or describe its content
 Indexing is the process of analyzing the contents of a
document or collection of documents and translating
the results of the analysis into terms for use in an
index; it is an organized grouping of such terms to
allow location and retrieval of information.

5.  To construct representations of documents in a form
that is suitable to the users to browse through
- printed form
- card form
- microform-film and fiche
- machine-readable form
 To maximize the searching success of the users
-provide a system of accurate and almost
complete cross-references

6.  To minimize the time and effort in finding information
- give users systematic and effective shortcuts to the
information
- cuts down the amount of materials to examine
- separates the irrelevant materials to a handful of
desired resources

7.  facilitate reference to the specific material or to locate
wanted information
 serve as filter to withhold irrelevant materials
 make the information storage and retrieval system
useful to individual
 disclose related information
 tool for current awareness services

8.  By Arrangement
a. Alphabetical Index - is based on the orderly principle of
letters of the alphabet; used for the arrangement of
subheadings, cross references as well as main headings
Example:
Core dump
Core file
Country codes
Covers, bias in, avoiding
Covers, placement of
Cross index defined

9. b. Classified Index – contents are arranged
systematically by classes or subject headings; it
resembles a table of contents.
Example:
Abort, program
Accesses, memory
Accesses, partial memory
Accessing, arrays
Actual arguments
Adjustable arrays

10. c. Concordance – is in alphabetical index of all principal words
appearing in a single text or in a multi-volume of a single author w/ a
precise pointer to the precise point at which the word occurs.
Examples: Kind (Kindness Kinds)
Ge 1:24 animals, each according to its kindness
2Ch 10:7 If you will be to these people
Pr 11:17 A kind mass benefits himself
12:25 but a kind word cheers him up
14:21 blessed is he who is K to the needy
14:31 whoever is K to the needy honors
19:13 He who is K to the poor lends
Da 4:27 by being K to the oppressed.
Lk 6:35 because he is K to the ungrateful.
1Co 13:4 Love is patient, live is K

11.  By Physical Form
a) Card index – an index in which 3” x 5” cards are used
as the tools
b) Printed index – a tool for indexing or for researching
and retrieval of information that is in printed form
c) Microform index – index to microforms such as
microfiche and microfilm
d) Computerized index – uses computers to construct
indexes

12.  By Type of Materials Index
a. Audiovisual Material Index
- textual labeling (index terms or description) is
needed along with image matching
- search on words may retrieve a particular
image related to the search term which in turn
can be used as input to find other related
entries

13. b. Book index
- a list of words or group of words arranged
alphabetically, at the back of the book giving a page
location of the subject or name associated with each word.
Example:
School library media centers
atmosphere, 110, 241-246
attendance, 108-110, 467
audiovisual holdings, 369
budget, 132-175, 260
cooperation with outside agencies, 117-118
Selection of staff, 260-263
Selection policy, 263-265, 227

14. c. Periodical Index/Newspaper Index
- open-ended projects usually performed by group
of people
- consistency is a challenging part since each
periodical
issue may deal with unrelated topics by several
authors
- written in different styles and aimed at different
users.