1. Reaction of Muslim World on Blasphemy
Jurisprudence-I
Legal report on the protest recorded by the Muslims from all over the
world, its impact, significance in the Holy Quran and Pakistani law,
understanding between different Islamic schools of thoughts on
blasphemy and calamitous incidents happened during the strikes.
Presented By: M. Junaid Akbar
Faculty of Shariah & Law (FSL), International Islamic University, Islamabad (IIUI).

2. Dedicated to all my esteemed Teachers, Parents, Siblings, and Batch-Mates
those are praying for my success and guiding me with the best of their
affection.

3. Contents
There are the following contents of a topic related to the protests recorded by the Muslims
from all over the world on the blasphemous acts by the western countries.
A. Introduction:
I. Creation of Adam (Peace Be Upon Him) &Revealed Religion.
II. Teachings of this Religion.
III. Impact of this Religion on mankind.
B. Issue:
I. What is Blasphemy?
II. Literal, Religious and Legal Meaning & Visual description.
III. Who is blasphemer and conditions for it?
IV. Cases of Blasphemy in past and present.
V. Concept of blasphemy in different religions.
VI. Protest by the Muslim world upon the disgraceful acts of western
(Paper & Electronic) media against the Esteemed Personality of our
Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) and the Holy Quran.
VII. Misuse of blasphemy and victims of blasphemy in Pakistan and in
the world.
VIII. Positive ways for recording a protest in Islam.
C. Rules & Applications (Implementation) of Laws on issue:
I. Principles in Pakistani Laws.
II. Conceptions of different Islamic schools of thoughts on this issue.
III. International Laws.
D. Conclusion.
E. Bibliography.

4. Introduction
"We will show them our signs in the horizons and in their own souls, until it appears to them
that this is the truth ". (The Holy Quran)
When, Allah - The Almighty had created the Holy Prophet Adam (Peace Be Upon Him) then
He ordered His angels to bow their heads in the front of the Holy Prophet Adam (Peace Be
Upon Him), they obeyed the order and acted upon it without any hesitation.
“O” angels! Fall down making obeisance to Adam" (15:29)
But the Satan refused that order and fell apart. As a result of His this disobedience, He was
accused as a cursed creation of Allah and was took out from heaven. Same incident was
happened with the parents of mankind because of eating a fruit which was prohibited by the
Allah they were sent to the Earth for their sin. But Allah had said to them that He will remove
all of their sins and of their children if they will follow His guidance via His guided People
(The Prophets). After that, Allah had sent His orders to a mankind for their success in both
this and up-coming world and strictly ordered them for the followings of these orders. They
lived for many years. Allah sent directions and guidance in the shape of Islam to the Prophet
Adam (peace be upon him). He taught others about the religion of Allah. He advised his
followers to do well and avoid evils. He told the people to act upon the Commandments of
Allah and follow his guidance. It would serve the purpose of shield to do away with the
attacks of the devil. Allah says:
"Whoso shall follow My Guidance, on them shall come no fear, nor shall they grieve. But
those who will disbelieve and treat Our Signs as lies, they shall be the inmates of the fire and
they shall abide therein." (2: 39, 40)
Unfortunately, they cheated one another and again disobeyed the divine laws and indulged
themselves in idolatry and in other baseless religions such like that and skipped their real
path of life. They were also started accusing the Prophets and started saying wrongs about
their Creator too. From here, He has started sending His guided people for the betterment
of His people and ordered them to stay away from wrong deeds as much as possible. Hence,
Muslims believe that Islam will continue to fulfill the spiritual as well as worldly needs of
people, transcending space and time.

5. Issue
I. What is Blasphemy?
Actually, before taking a healthy start for this assignment; we must define the term
“Blasphemy” in its literal, religious and legal sense.
A. Literal Meaning: Literally, Blasphemy means saying or doing something that
shows disrespect for God or a religion. For Example:
i. He was found guilty of blasphemy and sentenced to three years in jail.
B. Religious Meaning: Religiously, Blasphemy in Islam is any irreverent
behavior toward holy personages, religious artifacts, customs, and beliefs that
Muslims revere.
C. Legal Meaning: Legally, Blasphemy is irreverence toward holy personage,
religious artifacts, customs and beliefs.
D. Visual Description: Here is the visual description of blasphemy in graphical order:

6. II. Who is Blasphemer and its conditions
Islamic legal authorities agree that a blasphemer can be Muslim or non-Muslim. To be
convicted of blasphemy, an individual must be an adult, of sound mind, and not under
duress. Some jurisdictions do not punish individuals who commit blasphemy accidentally.
The Maliki School of Jurisprudence permits the exoneration of accused individuals who are
converts to Islam. These are the following conditions for Individuals those have been
accused of blasphemy or of insulting Islam for:
• Speaking ill of Almighty God.
• Finding fault with Holy Prophet (PBUH).
• Slighting a prophet who is mentioned in the Holy Quran, or slighting a member of Holy
Prophet’s (PBUH) family
• Claiming to be a prophet or a messenger.
• Speculating about how Holy Prophet (PBUH) would behave if he were alive (Nigeria).
• Drawing a picture to represent Holy Prophet (PBUH) or any other prophet, or making a
film which features a prophet (Egypt).
• Writing Holy Prophet (PBUH) name on the walls of a toilet (Pakistan).
• Naming a teddy bear Holy Prophet (PBUH) (Sudan).
• Sating facts such as: Holy Prophet (PBUH) parents were not Muslims (Pakistan).
• Invoking Almighty God while committing a forbidden act.

7. III. Acts of Blasphemy in past and present
Blasphemy is not just a matter of our present era because we know that people from
different ethical groups were used to disgrace the religious rights, thoughts and principles
of other ethical groups. Especially, when they tried to change the religious believers of other
group or condemn the religious views of that group because according to them it was their
religious obligation to guide the infidels and to help them in acknowledgment of
righteousness and falsehood. But it was not enough because it is always difficult to change
someone’s religious theories on which one has a firm believe. These are the following
incidents in past happened in the Prophet Muhammad’s (P.B.U.H) life and in the Time of
Caliphs:
1. During Prophet’s (P.B.U.H) Life & Revelations mention in the Holy Quran
I. When our esteemed Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) revealed the guidance of Allah in
the front of His family members; then His uncle Lahab used harsh words in honorable
personality of our Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H).At this, Allah became angry and sent a
chapter Lahab for his blasphemous act and destroyed him.
II. It is mentioned in the 33rd Chapter Ahzab of the Holy Quran that “Those who annoy
Allah and His Messenger - Allah has cursed them in this World and in the Hereafter,
and has prepared for them a humiliating Punishment (33:58).
III. It is also mentioned in the 8th Chapter Al - Anfal of the Holy Quran that “That is
because they opposed Allah and His Messenger. And whoever opposes Allah and His
Messenger - indeed, Allah is severe in penalty. "That [is yours], so taste it." And
indeed for the disbelievers is the punishment of the Fire (8:13, 14).
IV. A Jew named as Kaab-bin-Ashraf was one of the rivals of the Prophet Muhammad
(P.B.U.H) and was used say rubbish in the Honorable Personality of Prophet
Muhammad (P.B.U.H); One of His companions Hazrat Omar-Bin-Dinar (R.A) had killed
him on the orders of the Prophet (P.B.U.H) because of his this wrongful act.
V. Once a man in Prophet’s (P.B.U.H) tribe used very strict words for Him and he was
1
killed by Hazrat Zubair (R.A).
VI. Once a man in Prophet’s (P.B.U.H) life was also found guilty of blasphemy and the
2
Prophet (P.B.U.H) ordered Hazrat Khalid Bin Waleed to kill him.
VII. Wakadi has mentioned that once a man named as Abu Afaq was 120 years old and he
was used to come to Makkah in order to abet the people of Makkah against the
Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H). Hazrat Salam-Bin-Amaro (R.A) killed him because of
his this blasphemous act.3

8. According to Shia Islam & Some Examples
Here, we have also some important examples those are narrated and mentioned by
the Shia scholars. These examples are also helpful in getting the information from
one of the most dominant groups in Islam.
I. It is narrated by the Imam Jaffar Sadiq (R.A) that once His father said that the
Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) ordered His men that “He who says wrongs in my
Personality then you must killed him.”
II. Muhammad Bin Muslim Bakir (R.A) has narrated that there was a man in Hazeel
who was used to use abusive language against the Prophet’s (P.B.U.H)
Personality. When this news was came to the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) then
He said “Who’s there for him?” then two companions of the Prophet Muhammad
(P.B.U.H) those were from Medina stood up and killed him.
III. Imam Reza (R.A) has also mentioned that He has listened from His father that
“One who act blasphemous against the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) then one
must be killed and one who used abusive attitude toward His companions then
one must be whipped”.
IV. Muhammad Hussain Haikal has written in his book that Asood Ansi was a false
prophet in Yemen. In the last days of a life of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H),
one of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)’s companions named Feroz Dalmi (R.A) had
killed him and Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said that “He who killed him and his
family members both are in safe”.
V. Once the two ambassadors of Musalma Kazab – The False Prophet came to the
Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and Prophet (P.B.U.H) asked them that how you
differentiate between Me and Musalma then both of them had said that we have
a firm believe on Musalma and he is our prophet. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)
asked that if you were not the ambassadors then I would order my men to kill you

9. Cases reported in Caliphs era
I. Muaslma Kazab was a false prophet who appeared in the last days of the Prophet’s
Muhammad (P.B.U.H) life and he was killed by the Hazrat Washie (R.A) in the era of
Hazrat Abu Bakar’s regime.
II. There was a so-called Muslim in Hazrat Umer’s regime who was actually Jew and he
was killed by the caliph Himself because he had some doubt in Prophet Muhammad
(P.B.U.H)‘s judgment.
III. Hazrat Ali (R.A) once killed a man who had some doubt on the division of bounty
which was captured in a war against infidels.
IV. Hazrat Abdullah –Bin-Umer (R.A) had issue an order on the behave of His self that
one who uses malicious words against the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) then one
will face the death penalty.
V. Hazrat Amaro-Bin-Abdul Aziz (R.A) had ordered the governor of Kufa that one must
be killed who abuses the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H).
Examples in Current Era
Like the examples in the past days, there are also many incidents happened in these days by
some western countries and also by some personals. Here are the examples:
I. Issues reported in Pakistan
There are also some incidents happened in Pakistan causing different causalities and
serious turmoiling administrative problems like those are occurred in the West:
a) On January 4, Governor Salmaan Taseer was shot dead for wanting
amendments to Pakistan’s blasphemy laws after Aasia Noreen was sentenced
to death for allegedly committing blasphemy.
b) On January 6, Muhammad Ishaq was sentenced to life imprisonment by a
session’s court in Bahawalpur for ‘being a black magician’ and allegedly
burning a copy of the Quran.
c) On January 7, 2011 a Muslim prayer leader Mohammad Shafi and his son
Mohammad Aslam were jailed for life after being arrested in April 2010 for
allegedly removing poster advertising an Islamic event after it was over.
d) On January 7, 2011 the Kot Addu police registered a blasphemy case against a
mentally challenged Muslim at the request of a local mosque cleric allegedly
in an attempt to settle a rivalry with the family of the accused.

10. e) On January 26, 2011, a woman named Amina accused her sister-in-law Zahira
of blasphemy after an argument the night before. Zahira’s house was raided
and she was beaten up. Zahira’s mother was also tortured. The leader of this
torture squad, according to news sources, is said to be one named
Muhammad Sameer, who belongs to the same religious group as that of
Mumtaz Qadri, killer of Punjab’s ex-governor Salman Taseer early this month.
f) On January 29, 2011 a teenage boy was arrested for allegedly writing
blasphemous material on his examination answer sheets. Board of
Intermediate Education Karachi (BIEK) Controller of Examinations Agha Akbar
Mirza said “it was the boy’s neck or mine.”
g) On January 30th, two brothers Shahnawaz and Ilyas were imprisoned over
allegedly stealing copies of the Quran and burying them in the courtyard of
their house.
h) On February 2nd, 2011 in Bahawalpur, additional district and sessions judge
Malik Riaz Ahmed Khokhar handed down a death sentence along with Rs. 0.2
million fine for Jalalpur Peerwala. His crime was reportedly wearing a wooden
slab hanging around his neck inscribed with blasphemous remarks.
i) On February 6. 2011 shopkeeper Shafique was arrested in Okara for tying a
shoe to a flag bearing a holy symbol.
j) Another case reported on February 7, 2011 rival Muslim sects registered cases
against each other in Rawalpindi after clashes with each other.
k) On February 8, 2011 in Multan pitted Dr Jalal against his brother Noor Khan.
One followed a Deoband school of thought, and one followed Barelvi. Noor
Khan’s sons were setting up a preaching centre opposite the house which
apparently annoyed Dr. Jalal.
l) On February 20, 2011 a schoolteacher was booked by the Bhakkar police and
subsequently lunched by a mob for allegedly disrespecting the images of holy
places and the footprint of the Holy Prophet.
m) On February 21, 2011 in Faislabad the dispute on a residential plot among
communities ended up in arrest of Christian woman under accusation of
blasphemy charges by Muslims.
n) On February 26 in Multan, Muhammad Javed was accused of blasphemy
because his friend allegedly sent a blasphemous text from his phone.
Shahnawaz, his friend, was rounded up for blasphemy too.
o) On February 27 in Karachi, a mentally challenged person was accused of
burning leaves of the Quran and accused of blasphemy.
p) On February 27, Tehmina Durrani, wife of CM Shahbaz Sharif, was accused of
blasphemy for a book she wrote a few years ago.

11. q) On March 2, Shahbaz Bhatti, Federal Minister for Minorities was gunned
down in Islamabad for condemning Salmaan Taseer’s murder and wanting
amendments in the blasphemy law.
r) On March 4, a man accused in a blasphemy case was shot dead on the
outskirts of Rawalpindi. Mohammad Imran was gunned down by three
masked men near a bus stand in Danda village of Rawalpindi, a garrison city
adjacent to the capital Islamabad, the Dawn newspaper reported.
s) Rimsha Masih is a Pakistani girl from Mehrabadi, Islamabad, who was arrested
by Pakistani police in August 2012 and who could face the death
penalty for blasphemy under Pakistan's blasphemy law for
allegedly desecrating pages of the Quran (or a book containing verses from
the Quran) by burning. She is a member of Pakistan's Christian minority. On
September 2, it was reported that a local imam, Hafiz Mohammed Khalid
Chishti, had been arrested on suspicion of planting pages of religious texts in
Rimsha's bag.
Internationally reported Issues
There are also some international issues reported in date related to blasphemy and these
issues are mentioned here:
 Indonesia
 In January 2012, an Indonesian man who said on Facebook that God did not exist is
facing jail, as atheism is reportedly "a violation of Indonesian law under the founding
principles of the country".
 On 6 May 2010, a court sentenced Bakri Abdullah to one year in jail for blasphemy
because the 70-year-old claimed to be a prophet and to have visited heaven in 1975 and
1997.
 On 9 December 2008, hundreds of Muslim rioters damaged sixty-seven houses, a church,
and a community hall, and injured five people in Masohi, Central Maluku. The rioters
were allegedly angry that a Christian school teacher, Welhelmina Holle, had allegedly
said something blasphemous during an after-class tutorial at an elementary school. The
police arrested Holle for blasphemy. The police arrested two Muslim men for inciting
violence.
 In April 2008, a court sentenced Ahmad Moshaddeq, the leader of a sect called Al-
Qiyadah al-Islamiyah, to four years in prison for committing blasphemous acts. On 2 May

12. 2008, Padang District Court sentenced Dedi Priadi and Gerry Lufthi Yudistira, also
members of the Al-Qiyadah al-Islamiyah sect, to three years in prison under Article
156(a).
 On 11 November 2007, the Supreme Court of Indonesia sentenced Abdul Rahman, a
senior member of the Lia Eden sect, to three years in prison for blasphemy because he
claimed to be a reincarnation of Prophet Mohammad.
 On 10 April 2007, police in the town of Pasuruan, East Java, arrested two men,
Rochamim (or Rohim) and Toyib. Toyib was a follower of Rochamim who, according to
local residents, said things such as Islam is an Arab religion; prayers five times a day are
unnecessary; and the Quran is full of lies. The police charged Toyib under Article 156(a)
because he was telling others what Rochamim said.
 In August 2005, East Java's Malang District Court sentenced Muhammad Yusman Roy to
two years imprisonment for reciting Muslim prayers in Indonesian, which, according to
the MUI, tarnished the purity of Arabic-based Islam. Roy was released from prison on 9
November 2006 after serving eighteen months of his sentence.
 Iran
 On 9 June 2009, the singer Mohsen Namjoo was sentenced in absentia to a five-year
jail term for ridiculing the Quran in a song. In 2008, Namjoo had apologized for the
song, which he claimed was never meant for public release.
 In March 2009, Iranian blogger Omid Mirsayafi died in prison while serving a 30-
month sentence for propaganda against the state and criticism of religious leaders.
The authorities said Mirsayafi committed suicide.
 In 1988, in the United Kingdom, Salman Rushdie published The Satanic Verses, a
novel. Muslims in the United Kingdom accused Rushdie of blasphemy. Some Muslims
called upon the Crown to prosecute Rushdie but it did not. On 14 February 1989,
the Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran issued a fatwa which called for Muslims to kill Rushdie
and all publishers of The Satanic Verses. In 1991, Hitoshi Igarashi, the novel's Japanese
translator was stabbed to death. Shortly afterward, the Italian translator was
stabbed but survived. In 1993, the Norwegian publisher of the book was injured in a
gun attack.
 In 1999, Iran put on trial for “insulting the Prophet, his descendants, and
the Ayatollah Khomeini,” and for other charges, Abdollah Nouri, the former Minister
of the Interior in the Rafsanjani and Khatami cabinets. In 1999, Nouri was the
publisher of a daily newspaper that discussed the limits on the Supreme Leader's

13. powers, the rights of unorthodox clerics and groups to air their views, the right of
women to divorce, and whether laughing and clapping were un-Islamic. On 27
November 1999, the Special Court for the Clergy found Nouri guilty, and sentenced
him to five years' imprisonment and a fine. Nouri was released on 5 November 2002.
 In October 2006, Ayatollah Hossein Kazemeyni Boroujerdi, a senior Shia cleric who
advocates the separation of religion and state, and a number of his followers were
arrested and imprisoned after clashes with riot police. He and seventeen of his
followers were initially sentenced to death, but the death sentences were later
withdrawn. In August 2007, he was sentenced to one year in prison in Tehran
followed by another ten years in prison in another part of the country.
 Saudi Arabia
 In 2008 in Saudi Arabia, after Ra’if Badawi operated a website that
criticized that country’s religious police and questioned Wahhabi
interpretations of Islam, authorities charged him with “setting up an
electronic site that insults Islam.” Faced with both the possibility of five
years’ imprisonment and an $800,000 fine, as well as threats against his
safety, he fled the country.
 In 1994, an Ismaili, Hadi Al-Mutaif (also Al-Mutif), a teenager, made a
remark that a court deemed blasphemous. The court sentenced Al-Mutaif
to death for apostasy. In May 2009, Al-Mutaif was still in prison. He has
spent long periods of time in solitary confinement, and has made
numerous suicide attempts
 On 3 September 1992, Sadiq 'Abdul-Karim Malallah was publicly beheaded
by sabre in al-Qatif in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province after being convicted
of apostasy and blasphemy. Malallah, a Shia Muslim from Saudi Arabia,
was arrested in April 1988 and charged with throwing stones at a police
patrol. He was reportedly held in solitary confinement for long periods
during his first months in detention and tortured prior to his first
appearance before a judge in July 1988. The judge reportedly asked him to
convert from Shia Islam to Wahhabi Islam, and allegedly promised him a
lighter sentence if he complied. After he refused to do so, he was taken to
al-Mabahith al-'Amma (General Intelligence) Prison in Dammam where he
was held until April 1990. He was then transferred to al-Mabahith al-'Amma
Prison in Riyadh, where he remained until the date of his execution.

14. Malallah may have been involved in efforts to secure improved rights for
Saudi Arabia's Shia Muslim minority.
 In 2005, a court in Bukairia found Muhammad Al-Harbi, a high school
chemistry teacher, guilty of blasphemy for talking to students and
teachers about Christianity, Judaism, and the causes of terrorism. The
court sentenced al-Harbi to 40 months in prison and 750 lashes.
 In 2005, a court in Bukairia found Muhammad Al-Harbi, a high school
chemistry teacher, guilty of blasphemy for talking to students and
teachers about Christianity, Judaism, and the causes of terrorism. The
court sentenced al-Harbi to 40 months in prison and 750 lashes.
 United Arab Emirates
 In 1993, after an appeal, two of ten Indian expatriates convicted in 1992 of blasphemy
for producing and performing in a play that was critical of Islam and Christianity had
their sentences extended from six years to ten years.
 In 2008, three Filipino workers were jailed in the Emirate of Sharjah allegedly for
ripping a page out of the Quran and scribbling on the page. The allegation arose
during a dispute between the workers and their employer. The government revoked
the workers' permits to work.
 In 2012, a French businessman was arrested for defacing the Quran by spitting on it
before he assaulted and threatened to kill a new British Muslim convert after she
refused to marry him. The Frenchman spat on the Quran and insulted Islam and all its
prophets. He also threw on the floor a separate book that contained collections
of Hadith. He was arrested and jailed.
 Egypt
 In October 2008, the authorities arrested a blogger, Reda Abdel Rahman, who was
affiliated with a religious group: the Quranist movement. Rahman's blog called for
political and religious reform in Egypt. The authorities charged Rahman with "insulting
Islam." Rahman spent nearly three months in detention. He complained about being
physically abused. He was released in January 2009.
 In September 2008, six Christians in Port Said were arrested after local authorities
raided their café because it remained open during the Muslim fasting period of
Ramadan. The six were charged with resisting arrest and assaulting authorities, and
were sentenced in January 2009 to three years in prison.

15.  In February 2008, Muslims set fire to Christian-owned shops in the village of Armant in
Upper Egypt after reports surfaced of a relationship between a Muslim woman and a
Coptic Christian man. Security forces closed shops under a security decree and
detained eight Muslims and one Copt, all of whom were subsequently released.
 In December 2007, in the Upper Egypt town of Esna, a number of Muslims attacked
one church and twenty-six Christian-owned shops. This incident reportedly was
sparked by rumors that a Coptic Christian shop-owner lifted the veil of a Muslim
woman whom he suspected of shoplifting.
 In 2007, Egyptian police arrested Adel Fawzy Faltas and Peter Ezzat, who work for the
Canada-based Middle East Christian Association, on the grounds that, in seeking to
defend human rights, they had “insulted Islam.
 The United States
 A parson Terry Jones from Florida, he has arranged the Holy Quran burning
day on April 28, 2012, Jones, and about 20 others, burned copies of the Qur'an.
He was fined $271 by Gainesville Fire Rescue for burning books without
authorization.
 In September 2012, it was reported by The Atlantic that Terry Jones was
involved in the promotion of a movie vilifying Islam, titled Innocence of
Muslims. The movie led to protests in Egypt, Yemen, Tunisia and Libya.
In Cairo, protesters breached the wall of the U.S. Embassy and burned the
flag. The U.S. consulate in Benghazi, Libya, was largely burnt and looted;
killing Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens and three other American
citizens.] Jones screened the film for his followers on September 11, 2012, a
day he dubbed, "International Judge Mohammad Day".
After mentioning different cases those are reported in the different regions of the world
whether they are related to past or present but it is cleared that the orders ordered by the
Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) were not from Himself but these orders was from Allah
because Prophet (P.B.U.H) had not even say a single word by Himself because Hazrat
Gabriel (A.S) bought these orders from Allah for the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H).

16. Concept of blasphemy in different religions
Every religion has many concepts about the blasphemy whether they are revealed or man-
made because they always teach their followers to respect the founders or followers of the
other religions because it is important to create peace and humbleness in a today’s society.
Nevertheless, some extremist don’t understand these teachings and used to hurt the felling
of the others. There are some general concepts of blasphemy in different religions of the
world:
I. Christianity
Christian theology condemns blasphemy. It is spoken of in Mark 3:29, where blaspheming
the Holy Spirit is spoken of as unforgivable—the eternal sin. However, there is dispute over
what form this blasphemy may take and whether it qualifies as blasphemy in the
conventional sense; and over the meaning of "unforgivable". In 2 Kings 18, the Rabshakeh
gave the word from the king of Assyria, dissuading trust in the Lord, asserting that God is no
more able to deliver than all the gods of the land. In Matthew 9:2, Jesus spoke the words
"Your sins are forgiven you"; He was accused of blasphemy, since only God can forgive sins,
although Christians believe that Jesus is God and hence entitled to do so.
Blasphemy has been condemned as a serious, or even the most serious, sin by the major
creeds and Church theologians.
 Thomas Aquinas says that “it is clear that blasphemy, which is a sin committed directly
against God, is graver than murder, which is a sin against one's neighbor. … it is called
the most grievous sin, for as much as it makes every sin more grievous.”
 The Book of Concord calls blasphemy “the greatest sin that can be outwardly
committed”
 The Baptist Confession of Faith says: “Therefore, to swear vainly or rashly by the glorious
and awesome name of God…is sinful, and to be regarded with disgust and detestation.
…For by rash, false, and vain oaths, the Lord is provoked and because of them this land
mourns.”
 The Heidelberg Catechism answers question 100 about blasphemy by stating that “no sin
is greater or provokes God's wrath more than the blaspheming of His Name”.
 The Westminster Larger Catechism explains that “The sins forbidden in the third
commandment are, the abuse of it in an ignorant, vain, irreverent,
profane...mentioning...by blasphemy...to profane jests ...vain janglings ...to charms or
sinful lusts and practices.”
 Calvin found it intolerable “when a person is accused of blasphemy, to lay the blame on
the ebullition of passion, as if God were to endure the penalty whenever we are
provoked.”


17. Catholic prayers and reparations for blasphemy
In the Catholic Church, there are specific prayers and devotions as Acts of Reparation for
blasphemy. For instance, The Golden Arrow Holy Face Devotion (Prayer) first introduced by
Sister Marie of St Peter in 1844 is recited "in a spirit of reparation for blasphemy". This
devotion (started by Sister Marie and then promoted by the Venerable Leo Dupont) was
approved by Pope Leo XIII in 1885. The Raccolta Catholic prayer book includes a number of
such prayers. The Five First Saturday’s devotions are done with the intention in the heart of
making reparation to the Blessed Mother for blasphemies against her, her name and her
holy initiatives.
The Holy See has specific "Pontifical organizations" for the purpose of the reparation of
blasphemy through Acts of Reparation to Jesus Christ, e.g. the Pontifical Congregation of
the Benedictine Sisters of the Reparation of the Holy Face.
In Britain's last blasphemy execution, 20-year-old Thomas Aikenhead was executed for the
crime in 1697. He was prosecuted for denying the veracity of the Old Testament and the
legitimacy of Christ's miracles
II. Islam
The Quran and the hadith do not mention blasphemy. According to Pakistani religious
scholar, Javed Ahmed Ghamidi, nothing in Islam supports blasphemy law. Rather, Muslim
jurists made the offense part of Sharia; the penalties for blasphemy can include fines,
imprisonment, flogging, amputation, hanging, or beheading. Muslim clerics may call for the
punishment of an alleged blasphemer by issuing a fatwa.
III. Judaism
In the third book of the Torah, Leviticus 24:16 states that he that blasphemes the
name of the LORD "shall surely be put to death". See also List of capital crimes in the
Torah. The Seven laws of Noah, which Judaism sees as applicable to all people,
prohibit blasphemy.

18. Reaction of the Muslim world on Blasphemous acts
Egypt
In Egypt, the protest was organized by Wesam Abdel-Wareth, a Salafist leader and president
of Egypt's Hekma television channel, who called for a gathering on September 11 at 5 pm in
front of the United States Embassy, to protest against a film that he thought was
named Muhammad's Trial. However, Eric Trager, an experts at the Washington Institute for
Near East Policy, has said that the protest was in fact announced on August 30 by Jamaa
Islamiya, to release Sheikh Omar Abdel RahmanAfter the trailer for the film began
circulating, Nader Bakkar, the Egyptian Salafist Nour Party's spokesman, and Muhammad al-
Zawahiri, the brother of al-Qaeda leader Ayman al Zawihiri, called for Egyptians to assemble
outside of the American embassy.
About 3,000 demonstrators, many of them from the ultraconservative Salafist movement,
responded to his call. A dozen men were then reported to have scaled the embassy walls,
after which one of them tore down the flag of the United States of America and replaced it
with a black Islamist flag with the inscription of the shahada: "There is no god but God and
Muhammad is the messenger of God". Some of the protesters also wrote "There is no God
but Allah" on the compound walls. According to Sherine Tadros of Al Jazeera, the protestors
demanded that the film be taken "out of circulation" and that some of the protestors would
stay at the site until that happens. Thousands of Egyptian riot police were at the embassy
following the breach of the walls; they eventually persuaded the trespassers to leave the
compound without the use of force. After that, only a few hundred protesters remained
outside the compound.
Egypt's prime minister Hesham Kandil said "a number" of protesters later confessed to
getting paid to participate. He did not say whether the government knew or suspected who
paid the protesters.
On September 14, in the town of Sheikh Zuwayed in the Sinai Peninsula, protesters stormed
a compound of the Multinational Force and Observers, designed to monitor the peace
treaty between Egypt and Israel. The peacekeeping force opened fire on the protesters.
Two members of the peacekeeping force were wounded.
Ahmad Fouad Ashoush, a Salafist Muslim cleric, issued a fatwa saying: "I issue a fatwa and
call on the Muslim youth in America and Europe to do this duty, which is to kill the director,
the producer and the actors and everyone who helped and promoted the film."Another
Muslim cleric, Ahmed Abdullah (aka Abu Islam) tore up the Bible and threw the torn pages
on the ground during the September 11 embassy attack.
Yemen
In Yemen, the protests started on September 13, after Abdul Majid al-Zindani, a cleric and
former mentor to Osama bin Laden, called on followers to emulate the attacks in Egypt and
Libya.
Hours later, protesters had stormed the grounds of the U.S. embassy in Sana'a. Police fired
into the air in an attempt to hold back the crowds, but failed to prevent them from gaining

19. access to the compound and setting fire to vehicles. Guards in Sana'a used tear gas and a
water cannon to drive back the crowd. At least 4 protesters were killed and 11 others injured;
24 guards were also injured.
The U.S. responded by sending a Marine FAST unit to Yemen.
Greece
About 600 Muslim protestors in Athens tried to march on the U. S. Embassy, but were
stopped by Greek police. No injuries were reported, although three cars were damaged and
three storefronts were smashed. The protestors chanted "we are all with Osama" and called
on the US to hang the filmmaker.
Sudan
In anticipation of protests, Sudanese authorities deployed "many, many riot police" near the
American embassy. Nevertheless, on September 14, protesters breached the outside wall of
the compound and clashed with guards; three people were killed.
Also after Friday prayers on September 14, protesters started fires and tore down the flag in
the German embassy. Demonstrators hoisted a black Islamic flag at the German embassy,
saying in white letters "there is no God but God and Mohammed is his Prophet". Although it
was initially assumed that the attacks were to a target of opportunity related to the protests
against the film Innocence of Muslims, the incident is now reported as a long-planned
deliberate attack against Germany; preachers encouraged the riots by referring to
Germany's defending Danish cartoonist Kurt Westergaard in 2012 during the Jyllands-
Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. Referring to a demonstration in August 2012 by
right-winged German protesters during which pictures of Mohammed were shown, the
Sudanese foreign minister justified the attacks by saying that German chancellor Angela
Merkel had allowed these demonstrations to proceed and had thereby encouraged "an
insult to Islam and clearly violated all rules of religious coexistence and tolerance."
Tunisia
In Tunis, on September 14, protesters entered the compound of the U.S. embassy after
climbing the embassy walls and set trees inside the compound ablaze. The protesters
attacked the American Cooperative School of Tunis and set it on fire. At least 4 were killed
and 46 injured during protests near the embassy on September 15. The U.S. government
pulled out all non-essential personnel and urged its citizens to leave the city.
India
On September 14, the U.S. consulate in Chennai, India, was attacked, with protestors
throwing stones and footwear at the consulate. Police dispersed the crowd, causing minor
injuries to 25 protesters. The Consulate asked American citizens to enroll in the STEP
program, asked American citizens to follow the local news and media and ceased the
consulate's operation temporarily. Additional Police protection for the consulate was also
granted by the Tamilnadu Government.
On September 21, protesters marched towards the Tirunelveli's railway station, a city 700 km
southwest of Chennai blocking trains and shouting anti-US slogans. The protesters also

20. broke 7 to 8 buses. Police's attempts to disperse the crowd resulted in many injuries which
are to be estimated.
Indonesia
On September 17, up to 500 protesters, many of whom were part of the Islamic Defenders
Front and Majelis Mujahideen Indonesia attacked the United States embassy in Jakarta by
throwing stones and loose pavement, some reports also state that petrol bombs were used
in the attacks. In addition to attacking the embassy, protesters attacked the local police
force and embassy guards.
Pakistan
Pakistan has witnessed widespread protests all across the country. On September 14,
security forces clashed with demonstrators outside the U.S. embassy in Islamabad over the
anti-Islam film. Protesters called for the execution of the filmmaker and urged Islamabad to
close the US Embassy and expel its diplomats. In the eastern city of Lahore, demonstrators
burned the US flag outside the U.S. consulate and shouted slogans against the United States
and Israel. On September 16, Voice of America News reported that police fired tear gas and
water cannon at hundreds of demonstrators as they approached the heavily guarded
consulate in the southern city of Karachi. On September 19, a businessman who was
unwilling to participate in the protests was charged for blasphemy. On September 20, CNN
reported that protests continued in Karachi, where according to a police official about "100
small children" repeated anti-American slogans during a protest. Video showed children
repeating an adult voice, "Death to America" and "Any friend of America is a traitor." The
children, between the ages of 6 and 8, demonstrated across from the Karachi Press Club, led
by "at least four teachers." In Islamabad, police used tear gas and fired warning shots into
the air to disperse the crowd. Islamabad Police Chief Bin Yamin said eight police were
injured.On September 21, a public holiday was held in Pakistan as protests under the banner
of "Love our prophet" were held across the country. The newspaper Dawn reported that at
least 23 people were killed during the day. In Karachi, a crowd of 15,000 torched "six
cinemas, two banks, a KFC and 5 police vehicles" whilst some fired on police, killing two
police officers. It was further reported that 10 of the protesters were shot dead afterwards.
Meanwhile in Peshawar, four protesters and a policeman were killed. Ghulam Ahmed Bilour,
a Pakistani cabinet minister has announced a $100,000 bounty for killing Nakoula Basseley
Nakoula. The Pakistani government has sought to distance itself from this award. Some
British MPs have called for a ban on Bilour's visits to Britain. On September 23, a rampaging
mob of protesters in Mardan reportedly "set on fire the church, St Paul's high school, a
library, a computer laboratory and houses of four clergymen, including Bishop Peter
Majeed." and went on to rough up Zeeshan Chand, the pastor's son.

21. Positive ways for recording a protest in Islam
Islam teaches us that if we are going for a strike or protest then we should record our
protest in a positive manner because Islam never allows us to destroy someone’s property
or create a situation that causes threat to someone’s life. Allah says in the Holy Quran that:
1: Right to Protection of Life:
According to the Qur'an, human life is sacrosanct. Of the several verses which affirm the
inviolability of human life except for just cause, the following may be noted:
"And do not kill the soul Allah has forbidden, except for right". (Surah Bani lsra'il, 17:33)
"... whoso killed a soul not for retaliation for a soul slain, nor for corruption done in the land,
shall be as if he had slain mankind altogether; and whoso gave life to it, shall be as if he had
given life to mankind altogether." (Suratu-l Ma’idah, 5:32).
It is our responsibility that we should protest in a sense that it couldn’t hurt any single
person of a society. Due to our serious negligence following numbers of individuals are killed
in different brotherly Islamic states.
33 (Afghanistan)
23 (Pakistan)
4 (Yemen)
4 (Tunisia)
4 (Israeli border)
3 (Sudan)
3 (Lebanon)
1 (Egypt)
2: Right to Property: We are well aware of the financial and economic damages occurred
during the protest. The Holy Quran says:
"The believers are such that if We give them authority in the land, they establish prayer and
give zakaah, and enjoin good and forbid evil." (Suratu-l Hajj, 22:41).
So we have to be careful about the others property while protesting.

22. 3: Right of Protection against Persecution for Difference of Religion:
The right to be protected against persecution for differences in faith or opinion is a clear
corollary of the right of freedom of conviction. It has been expressly mentioned, because
many sins have been committed by over enthusiastic well-meaning fanatics:
"And revile not those whom they call upon beside Allah, lest they, out of spite, revile Allah in
their ignorance. Thus unto every people have We caused their doing to seem fair. Then unto
their Lord is their return; and He will inform them of what they used to do." (Suratu-l
An'aam, 6:108).
4: Right to Freedom of Expression:
The believers are under an obligation to "speak out the truth without fear and without
desire to show favour". Amongst other verses, the following is a comprehensive mandate to
this:
"0 ye who believe, be strict in observing justice, and be witnesses for Allah, even though it
be against yourselves or against parents and kindred. Whether be he rich or poor, Allah is
more regardful of them both.Therefore follow not low desires so that you may be able to
act equitably.And if you conceal the truth or evade it, then remember that Allah is well
aware of what you do." (Suratu-n Nisaa', 4:135).
5: Duty to the Obedience of what is Lawful and Disobedience of what is Unlawful:
The clear implication of the idea of the Rule of Shari'ah is that a person is liable to obey only
what is lawful and to dissociate from, disobey, and even to correct if he can, what is
unlawful. Most of the relevant verses in this context have already been noticed above. The
most comprehensive statement is contained in the following verse:
"And help one another in righteousness and piety and abet not one another in sin and
transgression." (Suratu-l Maa'idah, 5:2).
By mentioning these basic fundamental rights and principles for a peaceful protest define in
the Holy Quran, it is our responsibility that we should try our best to save the basic rights of
ours while protesting.

23. Rules
There are the different rules defined in Pakistani, Shariah and International laws about
blasphemy.
 Pakistani Laws:
Pakistan has the anti-blasphemy laws that are quite complicated. Offenders may be
vigorously prosecuted. Chapter XV of Pakistan Penal Code deals with "offences relating to
religion":
 §295. Injuring or defiling place of worship, with intent to insult the religion of any class.
 §295-A. Deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings of any class
by insulting its religion or religious beliefs.
 §295-B. Defiling, etc., of Holy Qur'an.
 §295-C. Use of derogatory remarks, etc., in respect of the Holy Prophet.
 §296. Disturbing religious assembly.
 §297. Trespassing on burial places, etc.
 §298. Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings.
 §298-A. Use of derogatory remarks, etc., in respect of holy personages.
 §298-B. Misuse of epithets, descriptions and titles, etc., reserved for certain holy
personages or places.
 §298-C. Person of Quadiani group, etc., calling himself a Muslim or preaching or
propagating his faith.
Implementations of these laws
 295-B Defiling, etc, of copy of the Holy Quran. Whoever will fully defiles, damages
or desecrates a copy of the Holy Quran or of an extract therefrom or uses it in any
derogatory manner or for any unlawful purpose shall be punishable for
imprisonment for life.

24.  295-C Use of derogatory remarks, etc; in respect of the Holy Prophet (PBUH).
Whoever by words, either spoken or written or by visible representation, or by
any imputation, innuendo, or insinuation, directly or indirectly, defiles the sacred
name of the Holy Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) shall be punished with death, or
imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.
 298-A Use of derogatory remarks, etc..., in respect of holy personages. Whoever
by words, either spoken or written, or by visible representation, or by any
imputation, innuendo or insinuation, directly or indirectly defiles a sacred name of
any wife (Ummul Mumineen), or members of the family (Ahle-Bait), of the Holy
Prophet (PBUH), or any of the righteous caliphs (Khulafa-i-Rashideen) or
companions (Sahaba) of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) description for a term which
may extend to three years, or with fine, or with bot
 298-B Misuse of epithet, descriptions and titles, etc. Reserved for certain holy
personages or places.
1. Any person of the Qadiani group or the Lahori group (who call themselves
Ahmadis or by any other name) who by words, either spoken or written or by
visible representation:
a. refers to or addresses, any person, other than a caliph or companion of the
Holy Prophet (PBUH), as "Ameerul Momneen", "Khalifat-ul-Momneen", "Khalifat-
ul-Muslimeen", "Sahabi" or "Razi Allah Anho";
b. refers to or addresses, any person, other than a wife of the Holy Prophet
(PBUH), as Ummul Mumineen;
c. refers to, or addresses, any person, other than a member of the family (Ahle-
Bait) of the Holy Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), as Ahle-Bait; or
d. refers to, or addresses, any person, other than a member of the family (Ahle-
Bait) of the Holy Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), as Ahle-Bait; or
e. refers to, or names, or calls, his place of worship as Masjid; shall be punished
with imprisonment or either description for a term which may extend to three
years, and shall also be liable to fine.

25. 2. Any person of the Qadiani group or Lahori group, (who call themselves
Ahmadis or by any other names), who by words, either spoken or written, or by
visible representations, refers to the mode or of call to prayers followed by his
faith as "Azan" or recites Azan as used by the Muslims, shall be punished with
imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years
and shall also be liable to fine.
 298-C Persons of Qadiani group, etc, calling himself a Muslim or preaching or
propagating his faith. Any person of the Qadiani group or the Lahori group (who
call themselves Ahmadis or any other name), who directly or indirectly, poses
himself as a Muslim, or calls, or refers to, his faith as Islam, or preaches or
propagates his faith, or invites others to accept his faith, by words, either spoken
or written, or by visible representation or in any manner whatsoever outrages the
religious feelings of Muslims, shall be punished with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to
fine.
There is a Death Penalty for blasphemy in Pakistan. Those prosecuted are usually minorities
such as Ahmadiyya and Christians but it seems that they are also increasingly
Muslims. Persons accused of blasphemy as well as police, lawyers, and judges have been
subject to harassment, threats, attacks, and murders when blasphemy is the issue.
 Shariah Law
Shariah laws are actually the divine laws of Allah and these laws are mentioned in the
Holy Quran. Some examples are as under:
 When our esteemed Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) revealed the guidance of Allah in
the front of His family members; then His uncle Lahab used harsh words in honorable
personality of our Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H).At this, Allah became angry and sent a
chapter Lahab for his blasphemous act and destroyed him.
 It is mentioned in the 33rd Chapter Ahzab of the Holy Quran that “Those who annoy
Allah and His Messenger - Allah has cursed them in this World and in the Hereafter,
and has prepared for them a humiliating Punishment (33:58).

26.  It is also mentioned in the 8th Chapter Al - Anfal of the Holy Quran that “That is
because they opposed Allah and His Messenger. And whoever opposes Allah and His
Messenger - indeed, Allah is severe in penalty. "That [is yours], so taste it." And
indeed for the disbelievers is the punishment of the Fire (8:13, 14).
 “Indeed it is your enemy who is bereft of all goodness.” – [Kausar 108:3]
So it is proved that Allah has sent His men the orders that they should follow these rules and
don’t try to speak or act ill of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H). It is also proved that the
different schools of thoughts of Islam whether they are Sunnis, Shias, Sufists & Kharijites
they are all agree on that the blasphemer must be punished for his this wrongful acts.
 The International Laws & Implementation:
There are some laws made by the United Nation and defined in different sections of
it.
2. Freedom of opinion and freedom of expression are indispensable conditions for
the full development of the person. They are essential for any society. They
constitute the foundation stone for every free and democratic society. The two
freedoms are closely related, with freedom of expression providing the vehicle for
the exchange and development of opinions.
48. Prohibitions of displays of lack of respect for a religion or other belief system,
Including blasphemy laws, are incompatible with the Covenant, except in the specific
Circumstances envisaged in article 20, paragraph 2, of the Covenant. Such
prohibitions must also comply with the strict requirements of article 19, paragraph 3,
as well as such articles as 2, 5, 17, 18 and 26. Thus, for instance, it would be
impermissible for any such laws to discriminate in favor of or against one or certain
religions or belief systems, or their adherents over another or religious believers over
non-believers. Nor would it be permissible for such prohibitions to be used to prevent
or punish criticism of religious leaders or commentary on religious doctrine and
tenets of faith.
17. Issues concerning the media are discussed further in the section of this general
comment that addresses restrictions on freedom of expression.Laws restricting the
rights enumerated in article 19, paragraph 2, including the laws
referred to in paragraph 24, must not only comply with the strict requirements of
article 19, paragraph 3 of the Covenant but must also themselves be compatible with
the provisions, aims and objectives of the Covenant.55Laws must not violate the
non-discrimination provisions of the Covenant. Laws must not provide for penalties
that are incompatible with the Covenant, such as corporal punishment.

27. Laws those are made by the United Nation are not implemented with their full force
because there are some states those are not in the favor of these laws that is why the
UN has no proper authority our the implementations of these laws and if the U.N.
resolution became international law, the First Amendment would still protect
opponents here, but think of the bloody impact on "defamers" around the world.
Conclusion
Muslims in Malaysia and Indonesia took out peaceful protest rallies but we
resorted to violence.
The effective way is for all Muslim countries to put up a united front of the
Muslim Ummah through the OIC. A UN resolution should try to persuade the
US and European governments to make legislation not to hurt religious
sentiments of not only Muslims but all other religions as well.
Protest should reflect reason
FOR a true, disciplined Muslim, this was a real test of patience to see the
protesters getting out of control and damaging private property, banks,
restaurants, commercial plazas and gasoline stations.
Rightly said by columnist Shada Islam in her article ‘Power of passion’ (Sept
22): “The stubbornness of those who won’t stop ranting against Islam is
matched only by the fury of those (I would say, Pakistanis) who think defense
of their religion means killing and dying …”
Who are these people creating anarchy, violence and harassing people in the
name of such protests? They must be brought to task immediately, without
any discrimination.
Our way of protesting against such issues must reflect sense and reason. We
must show the sagacious, more sensible way of depicting the true Islam by
spreading the word of Allah, His last Prophet and his predecessors (prophets).
There must be increased frequency in inter-religious dialogues of harmony
and faith. It seems to be a very right demand by all and sundry Muslims that
there must be a global law prohibiting anyone from doing blasphemous acts
of ridiculing prophets.

28. Holiday a mistake
BY announcing a public holiday the government should not have expected
these religious and political parties to protest peacefully. It was a big mistake.
The crowd should have rather protested in a peaceful manner by praying in
front of the US embassy and consulates and shown hatred against the film in
a civilized manner.
Our violent behavior has portrayed a wrong image of our religion and our love
for Islam and Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Suspending cell phone services
ON Sept 21, cell phone connections were again suspended to thwart any
potential terrorist attack.
The authorities concerned need to understand that cell phone has become a
major mode of communication. Moreover, this mode of communication is
frequently used for disaster management.
The government should have come up with other favorable preventive
measures.
A negative message
THE hooligans who turned to violence have negated the message of Islam
that it is a religion of peace.
While every Muslim is hurt by the blasphemy, I wonder if killing fellow
Muslims while expressing your hurt is an Islamic conduct. It is time sanity
prevailed and we followed the rule that the pen is mightier than the sword.
We need to redefine our intellectual capabilities and bring it in accordance
with Islamic spirit.

29. Prophet’s Seerat
It is usually the responsibility of the man in charge of a gathering to wind up a
protest and ensure it is concluded logically. On the contrary, what happened
on Sept 21 was illogical.
The leaders arrived once the crowds had gathered, gave fiery speeches and
then walked away with their guards. People were emotionally roused and so
they vented their anger in the wrong way.
Why don’t leaders take responsibility to stay till the end and make sure
everyone has returned and the rally has concluded peacefully? Ideally the
most prominent personality should be the last one to leave.
Moreover, in their speeches these leaders should tell people to follow the
Holy Prophet’s way of life.
They should ask people to improve themselves. Why not put stalls to give
charity, food, clothes, etc, to the deserving to make our ummah strong?
Let us remember that the penalty for doing a wrong is to feed the hungry: this
is a simple guideline to understand how to improve society.
There is a lot of literature on the character, the greatness and kindness of the
Holy Prophet and his companions. What about our own character?
No revenge
THERE is no denying the fact that the movie is profoundly offensive both
religiously and aesthetically. It is the nature of the Internet that any individual
can easily post any kind of hateful and offensive material.
We as humans should not hold the stick of revenge in the existing world
because there is God Who knows much better.
Is this the way to protest?
IT was the responsibility of the government to provide high security and a
well-organized protest itself.
Protests against the film and film-makers should have been made with unity.
Peace should have been ensured at all costs.

30. Bibliography
1. The Holy Quran.
2. Midarig-e-Nabooat.
3. Al Saram Al Maslool.
4. Wisayal-e-Shia.
5. Kitab-e-Shifa.
6. Dawn – The Newspaper.
7. Express Tribune – The Newspaper.
8. Tafseer-e-Rohu ul emani.
9. Muhammad (P.B.U.H) – Prophet & Man by M.A Salahi.
10. Cambridge Online Dictionary.
11. Think free Visual Thesaurus.
12. Wikipedia.