This document summarizes information about primates. It begins by describing prosimians as more primitive primates that live in small groups and rely more on smell. Strepsirrhines are very social primates that live in large family units and rely more on sight. The document then describes the evolution of primates from Purgatorius and the

1. Primates
Stephanie DiPietrantonio, Milan Genovese,
and Justin Halim
Section 2
Group 3

2. Prosimians
 Pro= Before
 Simian= Apes http://iloveprimates.com/what%e2%80%99s-a-primate/
 classic image that comes to mind
 More primitive than simians
 Found in small groups; not very social
 Relies more on sense of smell
Stephanie DiPietrantonio

3. Appearance
 Long snout
 Wet nose http://iloveprimates.com/types-of-primates/
 Tooth combs
 Eyes glow in the dark and can see in the
dark
 See in black-and-white
Stephanie DiPietrantonio

4. Strepsirrhines
 Includes monkeys, apes,
and humans
 Very social animals http://iloveprimates.com/primates-of-africa/
 Found in large family units
 Characterized by complex hierarchies
 Relies more on sense of sight
Stephanie DiPietrantonio

5. Appearances
 Can’t see in the
dark
 Dry nose
 See in color
 Fleshy upper lip
http://iloveprimates.com/primates-of-africa/
 No tooth combs or
grooming claws
Stephanie DiPietrantonio

6. Justin Halim
Evolution of Primates
 Primates evolved from the species
Purgatorius.
 Primates then evolved into two separate
groups, the Strepsirrhiniand the Haplorhini.
Purgatoriu
s

7. Justin Halim
Evolution of Primates
Purgatorius
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Purgatorius_BW.jp
g
Primates
Strepsirrhini Haplorhini
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/thumb/e7/Ringtailedlemur.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/thumb/09/Totenkopfaeffchen.jpg

8. Justin Halim
Primates - Strepsirrhini
Strepsirrhini is divided into two groups:
1. Lemuriformes: aye-ayes, lemurs (sportive, woolly,
dwarf, etc.)
2. Lorisiformes: lorises, galagos, etc.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia//thumb/9f/Lemur http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aye-aye.jpg http://www.factzoo.com/sites/img/sle http://www.mnh.si.edu/mammals/images/bushbaby.j
.jpg nder-loris.jpg pg
Lemurs Aye-aye Loris Galagos

9. Justin Halim
Primates - Haplorhini
Haplorhini is divided into two groups:
1. Tarsiiformes: Tarsiers
2. Simiiformes: Old World Monkeys, New World
Monkeys, and apes
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/thumb/Semnopithecus.J
PG http://www.itsnature.org/wp-content/uploads/tarsier.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/cute-capuchin-monkey-picture.jpg
Old World Tarsier New World
Monkeys Monkey

10. Justin Halim
Haplorhini - Simiiformes
Simiiformes include New World Monkeys and the
group Catarrhini.
New World Monkeys are small monkeys with flat
noses. They include:
 Marmosets & Tamarins
 Capuchins
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/cute-capuchin-
monkey-picture.jpg
 Owl Monkeys Capuchin http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia
//BrownSpiderMonkey.jpg
 Howler & Spider Monkeys Spider Monkey

11. Justin Halim
Haplorhini - Catarrhini
The group Catarrhini includes the Old World
Monkeys and the group Hominoidea.
Old World Monkeys are different from New World
due to different shapes of noses, and are mostly
larger. Old World Monkeys include:
 Baboons
 Mandrills & Drills
 Macaques http://www.wildexhibition.com/photos/macaques.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia
/Mandril.jpg
Macaques Mandrill

12. Justin Halim
Catarrhini - Hominoidea
Hominoidea is separated into the “lesser apes” and
the “greater apes.”
 “Lesser apes” – the gibbons
 “Greater apes” (order of evolution) – orangutans,
gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm http://sitemaker.umich.edu/mitani/files/males
ons/c/ca/Gibbon_Amiens_26873.jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/orangutan_g.jpg http://crossfitcle.com/gorillafight-thumb-440x332.jpg _groom.jpg
Gibbons Orangutans Gorilla Chimpanzees

13. Spread of Disease
• Urbanization and habitat destruction has lead
to increased contact between humans and
wildlife
• Cross species disease transfers have occurred as
humans move to what was forest
http://www.foe.co.uk/imgs/bulldozer_forest2.jpg
Milan Genovese

14. Disease in Primates
• Some primate diseases that have crossed
species include:
-Nipah Virus
- Ebola
- HIV
http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/isselee/isselee0909/isselee090900135/5570122-handshake-between-
human-hand-and-monkey-hand-mixed-breed-between-chimpanzee-and-bonobo--20-years-old.jpg
Milan Genovese

15. Nipah Virus
HIV
Ebola
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ebola_virus_virion.j
pg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HIV-budding-Color.jpg
Milan Genovese http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ebola_virus_virion.jpg

16. Simian Hemorrhagic
Fever Virus
• Other Diseases, such as Simian Hemorrhagic
Fever, may be exclusive to certain species
• SHFV often mirrors Ebola
• Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus is almost
always fatal
Milan Genovese

17. SimianHemo
• Other Diseases, such
rrhagic Fever as Simian
Virus Hemorrhagic Fever,
may be exclusive to
certain species
• SHFV often mimics
Ebola
• Simian Hemorrhagic
Fever Virus is almost
always fatal
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_E_ezSeH3Etw/TSMabahq8I/AAAAAAAAAS
E/AeF3jjd_htg/s1600/03+Sad+monkey.jpg
Milan Genovese

18. InformationalReferences
Lemur disease ecology: Linking health,
ecosystem viability & conservation in
Madagascar | Duke University Center for
International Studies. (2008, October 21).
Duke University Center for International
Studies. Retrieved November 21, 2011, from
http://ducis.
jhfc.duke.edu/2008/10/21/lemur-disease-
ecology-linking-health-ecosystem-viability-
and-conservation-in-madagascar/

19. Image Citations
[Forest in Trouble] Retrieved November 21, 2011, from: http://www.
foe.co.uk/imgs/bulldozer_forest2.jpg
[Monkey Hand and Human Hand] Retrieved November 21, 2011,
from;
http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/isselee/isselee0909/isselee0909
00135/5570122-handshake-between-human-hand-and-monkey-
hand-mixed-breed-between-chimpanzee-and-bonobo--20-years-
old.jpg
Goldsmith, C. HIV Under Electron Microscope . Retrieved
November 27, 2011, from; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HIV-
budding-Color.jpg

20. Image Citations
Goldsmith, C. Ebola Virus Viron. Retrieved
November 27, 2011, from;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ebola_virus_viri
on.jpg