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Corpora in language teaching
      Follow at goo.gl/1fAfD
             CALL 2/18
Corpus


A principled collection of texts.
Represents area(s) of language use.
Usually searchable via computer




List of some corpora
Corpora and language learning


Corpora can offer language learners the
following benefits:
  More accurate descriptions of the language than
  teachers’/textbook writers’ intuitions (Biber & Reppen,
  2002, Conrad, 1999).
  Exposure to contextualized, meaningful language and
  “real” language data.
  Can provide language input for a specific register (Conrad,
  2000).
  A vast reference tool for autonomous learning.
Uses of corpora


Make decisions about syllabus design
Word Lists
Concordance lines (KWICs)
Tagged texts/searches*
Provide examples for teachable moments
Language input for activities, quizzes, etc.
1. Course (syllabus) design


Instead of relying on our own intuitions about what
grammar should be taught, research from corpora
can tell us what grammatical structures and what
vocabulary are most common in the language we
want learners to learn.
For example, most grammars include coverage of all
the one word modals: can, could, may, might, must,
shall, should, will, would…
Modal frequencies in COCA
  (Corpus of Contemporary American English: 410 million words)
Modal          Occurrences      Modal            Occurrences

CAN            913,626          SHALL            16,092

COULD          645,262          SHOULD           324,175
MAY            378,298          WILL             837,995
MIGHT          220,237          WOULD            966,035
MUST           178,211
Interfaces


1.   Local corpora managed using a concordancer
     Monoconc, Antconc, Wordsmith
2. Web-based corpora
     BYU Corpora
     MICASE/MICUSP
     Compleat Lexical Tutor
     SACODEYL
3. Web as corpora
Local Corpus


Teachers and students can build their own corpora.
Project-based learning: Learners collect the texts
(learn about the range of texts) and then conduct
analysis on the texts (guided inductive activities.
Useful in EAP/ESP courses.
Free concordancers like AntConc or paid.
Web-based corpora


Search interfaces that allows you to use corpora via
web browsers.
Mark Davies’ Corpora are probably the most well
known: http://corpus.byu.edu
  wordandphrase.info,
  word frequency and collocates info.
Search using tags (UCREL CLAW)
Michigan Corpora


Michigan Corpus of Upper-Level Student Papers
(MICUSP)
Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English
(MICASE)
Teaching activities, ESL activities, etc.
Compleat Lexical Tutor


  First developed by Tom Cobb
  Lots of great information about frequency &
  vocabulary
  Sections for learners, researchers, and teachers.
1. Test your word knowledge, Concord Writer
2. Audio supported readings
3. Text analysis (Vocabprofile, N-gram)
SACODEYL


Funded by EU commission, focus on youth language
(European)
Multiple languages
Multimedia (videos, transcripts)
Word list tools
Prepared teaching materials (i.e., Learning Packages).
Sample Activity 1: Functions of Can


  Students examine a corpus to find examples of
  different functions of the modal CAN.
  CAN has four functions in English:
    Ability
    Possibility
    Permission
    Request
• Find examples of each function.
Examples of CAN
Expanded context
Web as Corpora


Search engines allow learners to find real examples of
language use…and pictures of cats.
Search term tricks for learners
  use “quotations” for verbatim searches
  site:disney.com to search within a specific site (turn a
  site into a mini corpus).
  Use a tilde ~ to return related items
  Search by file type filetype:ppt
Purpose-designed interface: WebCorp
Considerations for using corpora


  What “meta-language” do students need to use
  corpora or complete activities?
  How much do students need to understand about the
  interface?
  What level is best to have students work with
  corpora?
  Research on using corpora in language teaching is
  limited.
Shakespeare Vocabulary


     Look at the concordance lines. With your group
     members, try to identify the part of speech of the
     word and define the word.

A.    Alack
B.    Avaunt
C.    Fie
D.    Gramercy
Fix the following altered
           Shakespeare quotes

1.   “Flee, thou hateful villain, get thee gone”

2.   How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the
     uses of this world! Shame on’t! O shame! ’tis an unweeded
     garden, That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature
     Possess it merely. That it should come to this!

3.   God bless your worship! Thanks! wouldst thou aught with me?

4.   "Oh no, I am afraid they have awaked, and 'tis not done"
Let’s try out some corpora


In a small group (i.e., 2-3 people), look at one of the
following corpus tools. Explore its features and
brainstorm a few ways that you could use it in your
teaching.
Submit your group’s ideas on the corpus Google doc.
Let’s try them out…


A. BYU Corpora B. SACODEYL

   C. Compleat Lexical Tutor

D. MICUSP/     E. AntConc*
               *use your own computer
   MICASE
Document…


Tools for Teaching with Corpora
Take a screenshot


Windows 7+: Use snipping tool or
Windows (any): Press PrintScreen, open
MS Paint, press Ctrl+V. Save as an image
file (i.e., jpg).
Mac: Cmd+Shift+3: whole screen
   Cmd+Shift+4: choose area

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Corpora in language teaching

  • 1. While you’re waiting… Go to Wordle (wordle.net) and choose CREATE Enter the address of your blog. A Wordle will be created that shows you the most common content words on your blog. You can save the image and add it to your blog.
  • 2. Corpora in language teaching Follow at goo.gl/1fAfD CALL 2/18
  • 3. Corpus A principled collection of texts. Represents area(s) of language use. Usually searchable via computer List of some corpora
  • 4. Corpora and language learning Corpora can offer language learners the following benefits: More accurate descriptions of the language than teachers’/textbook writers’ intuitions (Biber & Reppen, 2002, Conrad, 1999). Exposure to contextualized, meaningful language and “real” language data. Can provide language input for a specific register (Conrad, 2000). A vast reference tool for autonomous learning.
  • 5. Uses of corpora Make decisions about syllabus design Word Lists Concordance lines (KWICs) Tagged texts/searches* Provide examples for teachable moments Language input for activities, quizzes, etc.
  • 6. 1. Course (syllabus) design Instead of relying on our own intuitions about what grammar should be taught, research from corpora can tell us what grammatical structures and what vocabulary are most common in the language we want learners to learn. For example, most grammars include coverage of all the one word modals: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would…
  • 7. Modal frequencies in COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English: 410 million words) Modal Occurrences Modal Occurrences CAN 913,626 SHALL 16,092 COULD 645,262 SHOULD 324,175 MAY 378,298 WILL 837,995 MIGHT 220,237 WOULD 966,035 MUST 178,211
  • 8. Interfaces 1. Local corpora managed using a concordancer Monoconc, Antconc, Wordsmith 2. Web-based corpora BYU Corpora MICASE/MICUSP Compleat Lexical Tutor SACODEYL 3. Web as corpora
  • 9. Local Corpus Teachers and students can build their own corpora. Project-based learning: Learners collect the texts (learn about the range of texts) and then conduct analysis on the texts (guided inductive activities. Useful in EAP/ESP courses. Free concordancers like AntConc or paid.
  • 10. Web-based corpora Search interfaces that allows you to use corpora via web browsers. Mark Davies’ Corpora are probably the most well known: http://corpus.byu.edu wordandphrase.info, word frequency and collocates info. Search using tags (UCREL CLAW)
  • 11. Michigan Corpora Michigan Corpus of Upper-Level Student Papers (MICUSP) Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English (MICASE) Teaching activities, ESL activities, etc.
  • 12. Compleat Lexical Tutor First developed by Tom Cobb Lots of great information about frequency & vocabulary Sections for learners, researchers, and teachers. 1. Test your word knowledge, Concord Writer 2. Audio supported readings 3. Text analysis (Vocabprofile, N-gram)
  • 13. SACODEYL Funded by EU commission, focus on youth language (European) Multiple languages Multimedia (videos, transcripts) Word list tools Prepared teaching materials (i.e., Learning Packages).
  • 14. Sample Activity 1: Functions of Can Students examine a corpus to find examples of different functions of the modal CAN. CAN has four functions in English: Ability Possibility Permission Request • Find examples of each function.
  • 17. Web as Corpora Search engines allow learners to find real examples of language use…and pictures of cats. Search term tricks for learners use “quotations” for verbatim searches site:disney.com to search within a specific site (turn a site into a mini corpus). Use a tilde ~ to return related items Search by file type filetype:ppt Purpose-designed interface: WebCorp
  • 18. Considerations for using corpora What “meta-language” do students need to use corpora or complete activities? How much do students need to understand about the interface? What level is best to have students work with corpora? Research on using corpora in language teaching is limited.
  • 19. Shakespeare Vocabulary Look at the concordance lines. With your group members, try to identify the part of speech of the word and define the word. A. Alack B. Avaunt C. Fie D. Gramercy
  • 20. Fix the following altered Shakespeare quotes 1. “Flee, thou hateful villain, get thee gone” 2. How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world! Shame on’t! O shame! ’tis an unweeded garden, That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature Possess it merely. That it should come to this! 3. God bless your worship! Thanks! wouldst thou aught with me? 4. "Oh no, I am afraid they have awaked, and 'tis not done"
  • 21. Let’s try out some corpora In a small group (i.e., 2-3 people), look at one of the following corpus tools. Explore its features and brainstorm a few ways that you could use it in your teaching. Submit your group’s ideas on the corpus Google doc.
  • 22. Let’s try them out… A. BYU Corpora B. SACODEYL C. Compleat Lexical Tutor D. MICUSP/ E. AntConc* *use your own computer MICASE
  • 24. Take a screenshot Windows 7+: Use snipping tool or Windows (any): Press PrintScreen, open MS Paint, press Ctrl+V. Save as an image file (i.e., jpg). Mac: Cmd+Shift+3: whole screen Cmd+Shift+4: choose area

Editor's Notes

  1. BYU corpora are tagged using UCREL CLAWS tags