i hope you learned something.

1. Group 1
Basic Elements
of the Arts

2. Elements of the Fine Arts

3. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Subject
- provides the answer to the question: What is the
painting or piece of sculpture about?
Caryatids of the Erechtheum in Athens gargoyles at Notre Dame Cathedral
in Paris

4. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Subject
Henry Moore’s “Family Group” William Zorach’s “Spirit of the Dance”
In painting, subject is no problem if the artist has painted realistically.

5. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Medium
- refers to the materials which an artist uses.
- fresco - tempera
- oil - Water color

6. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Medium
(Fresco)
- The most noble and monumental,
is adapted to large wall surfaces.
- The most exacting because it must be
done quickly while the plaster is wet,
Giotto
& once applied cannot be changed. in the Arena Chapel in Padua
Piero della Francesca in the Church of
San Francesco in Arezzo Raphael’s “Stanze” in the Vatican Michelangelo in the Sistine Chapel

7. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Medium
(Tempera)
- Tempera painting,
requires the meticulous
skill of a craftsman.
The color is applied
with tiny strokes of
pointed brushes & dries
immediately.
Simone Martini’s “Annunciation”

8. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Medium
(Oil)
- is the most popular Van Dyck’s portrait
medium today because the
pigment come ready-mixed
in tubes. It dries slowly,
so that if the artist is
dissatisfied he can repaint
his errors or scrape all off
for a fresh start.
Van Gogh’s “Starry Night

9. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Medium
(Water color)
- True water color did not reveal itself until the
mid-19th century. Since the artist must work
rapidly & cannot change anything, there is a
freshness & spontaneity in water color not felt in oil.
Winslow Homer’s “Sloop Bermuda” John Marin’s “Boat Off Deer Isle”

10. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Medium
(Materials used in sculpture)

11. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Line
The shape of a work of art is defined by line. The
line of a painting or sculpture tell us what the
work is about.
3 kinds of line:
- Horizontal
- Vertical
- Diagonal
George Inness’ “Lackawanna Valley” Diego Rodriguez de Silva Velasquez’

12. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Color
- is the decorative element in painting.
Jacopo Tintoretto’s “Last Supper” Raphael’s “Madonna of the Chair”

13. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Texture
- refers to the way two objects feel to the touch.
“Portrait of George Giesze” by Hans Holbein
To the painter, texture is an illusion.
He must make an object look the way it would feel if we could touch it.

14. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Volume
- refers to solidity or thickness.
Van Gogh’s “Bedroom at Arles Pablo Ruiz Picasso’s “Seated Acrobat”
To the painter, volume is an illusion,
because the surface of the canvass is flat.

15. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Perspective
- To get depth or distance, an
artist uses
perspective, both linear
& aerial.
Raphael’s “School of Athens”
Leonardo Da Vinci’s “Last Supper”
Andrea Mantegna’s “Pieta”

16. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Form
- applies to the over-all design of a work of art.
Sandro Botticelli’s “Birth of Venus”
Raphael’s
“ Sistine Madonna”
Michaelangelo’s “Holy Trinity”
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec’s “Circus”

17. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Style
- is the result of an artist’s temperament, outlook
in life, and training.

18. Elements of the Fine Arts
• Style
o o n i
g el rec i glia
e lan El
G
M od
ic h
M
It is this spirit of the times which determines the
style of a period. The Germans call it Zeitgeist.

19. Elements of Music

20. Elements of Music
Basic Elements of music include
rhythm, melody, dynamics,
harmony, texture, form, color,
and style.

21. Elements of Music
• Rhythm
- the most basic element of music is rhythm, the
over-all movement or swing.
 Meters means measure
and refers to the number
of beats in a rhythmic unit,
or measure.
 Tempo refers to speed ,
whether the music moves
fast or slowly.

22. Elements of Music
• Melody
- by melody we mean an
orderly succession of tones,
or musical sounds.
- the smallest melodic unit
is the motif, which expands
into a phrase.

23. Elements of Music
• Dynamics
- the term dynamics refers to a force or percussive
effects: degrees of loud and soft.

24. Elements of Music
• Harmony
- the simultaneous sounding of two or more tones
results in harmony.
 Tonality- interrelationship of keys.
 Polytonality - using several keys simultaneously.
Atonality- having no key feeling.

25. Elements of Music
• Texture
- the term texture refers to the number of tones we
are asked to apprehend simultaneously.

26. Elements of Music
• Form
- the form or structure is as necessary to a work of
music as a blueprint to an architect or a pattern to a
dressmaker.

27. Elements of Music
• Color
- in music, color is the result of the difference in
timbre (quality of tone) in the various instruments
and voices.
 The strings violin, viola, cello, and bass.
 The woodwinds flute, piccolo, oboe,
clarinet, and bassoon.

28. Elements of Music
• Color
The brasses trumpet, trombone,
and tuba.
The percussion instruments
drums, cymbals, triangle.

29. Elements of Music
• Style
- each composer has his personal idiom, which
differentiates his work from that of others, and he
also reflects the style of the period in which he lives.

30. Elements of Literature

31. Elements of Literature
Results from the communication
of thoughts and feelings through
consciously
organized
language.

32. Elements of Literature
Inspiration comes to the writer of
great literature in tree channels:
 Through the SENSES
 Through the INTELLECT
 Through the EMOTIONS

33. Elements of Literature
• Poetry
- (from the Greek poiesis - ποίησις -
with a broad meaning of a "making",
seen also in such terms as "hemopoiesis";
narrowly, the making of poetry) is a
form of literary art which uses the
aesthetic qualities of language to evoke meanings
in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible
meaning.
- Most concentrated form of writing.

34. Elements of Literature
• Poetry
Guiding principle in judging POETRY
- Words are not actually informative but also
evocative in that they call up the same response in
us which inspired the poet, in short they make us
share his experience.
- We must dig deeply if we would penetrate the
depths the poet has sounded.
- When we speak of poetic rhythm we mean not the
conventional meters but the entire thought and
emotional flow of the poem.

35. Elements of Literature
• Poetry
Guiding principle in judging POETRY
- In good poetry there must be a synthesis of
content and design: that is balance between what
is said and how it is said.
- The poetic mind expresses itself in images or,
as Aristotle called them, METAPHORS,
which clarify his experience.

36. Elements of Literature
• Poetry
Divisions of POETRY
oetry - Ve r
-E p ic P se Fa
b le
- El e g
- Lyric Po y
etry Poetry
- Prose
- Speculat
- Dramatic Poetry ive Poetry

37. Elements of Literature
• Poetry
- Epic Poetry
This genre is often defined as
lengthy poems concerning events
of a heroic or important nature to
the culture of the time. It recounts,
in a continuous narrative, the life
and works of a heroic or
mythological or group of persons.

38. Elements of Literature
• Poetry
- Epic Poetry
Examples of epic poems are:

39. Elements of Literature
• Poetry
- Epic Poetry
Examples of epic poems are:

40. Elements of Literature
• Poetry
- Lyric Poetry
A genre that, unlike epic and dramatic poetry, does
not attempt to tell a story but instead is of a more
personal nature. Poems in this genre tend to be
shorter, melodic, and contemplative. Rather than
depicting characters and actions, it portrays the
poet's own feelings, states of mind, and perceptions.
Notable poets in this genre include John Donne,
Gerard Manley Hopkins, and Antonio Machado.

41. Elements of Literature
• Poetry
- Dramatic Poetry
Drama written in verse to be spoken or sung,
and appears in varying, sometimes related forms
in many cultures. Greek tragedy in verse dates to
the 6th century B.C., and may have been an
influence on the development of Sanskrit drama,
just as Indian drama in turn appears to have
influenced the development of the bianwen verse
dramas in China, forerunners of Chinese Opera.

42. Elements of Literature
• Poetry
- Dramatic Poetry
Examples of dramatic poetry in Persian literature:
Nizamis’ Khosrow and Shirin

43. Elements of Literature
• Poetry
- Elegy
• A mournful, melancholy or plaintive poem,
especially a lament for the dead or a funeral song.
• The term "elegy," which originally denoted a type
of poetic meter (elegiac meter), commonly describes
a poem of mourning.
• May also reflect something that seems to the author
to be strange or mysterious.
•The elegy, as a reflection on a death, on a sorrow
more generally, or on something mysterious, may
be classified as a form of lyric poetry.

44. Elements of Literature
• Poetry
- Verse Fable
The fable is an ancient literary genre, often
(though not invariably) set in verse. It is a succinct
story that features anthropomorphized animals,
plants, inanimate objects, or
forces of nature that
illustrate a moral lesson
(a "moral"). Verse fables
have used a variety of meter
and rhyme patterns.

45. Elements of Literature
• Poetry
- Prose Poetry
is a hybrid genre that shows attributes of both
prose and poetry. It may be indistinguishable
from the micro-story (a.k.a. the "short short story",
"flash fiction"). While some examples of earlier
prose strike modern readers as poetic, prose poetry
is commonly regarded as having originated in
19th-century France, where its practitioners
included Aloysius Bertrand, Charles Baudelaire,
Arthur Rimbaud and Stéphane Mallarmé.

46. Elements of Literature
• Poetry
- Prose Poetry
Since the late 1980s especially, prose poetry
has gained increasing popularity, with entire
journals, such as The Prose Poem: An
International Journal,
Contemporary Haibun
Online and Modern
Haibun & Tanka Prose
devoted to that genre.

47. Elements of Literature
• Poetry
- Speculative Poetry
also known as fantastic poetry, (of which weird
or macabre poetry is a major subclassification),
is a poetic genre which deals thematically with
subjects which are 'beyond reality', whether via
extrapolation as in science fiction or via weird and
horrific themes as in horror fiction. Such poetry
appears regularly in modern science fiction and
horror fiction magazines.
Edgar Allan Poe is sometimes seen as
the "father of speculative poetry".

48. Elements of Literature
• Novel
- is a book of long narrative in literary prose.
The genre has historical roots both in the
fields of the medieval and early modern
romance and in the tradition of the novella.
The latter supplied the present generic term
in the late 18th century.

49. Elements of Literature
• Short Stories
Elements of the Short Story
The short story as an art form
developed in early 19th Century.

50. Elements of Literature
• Short Stories
Granville Hicks says that a
good short story is “an attempt
to make the reader share in a
unique moment of insight.”

51. Elements of Literature
• Essay
Elements of the Essay
The inventor of the essay was a
sixteenth century Frenchman by
the name of Montaigne.
Why do Essayist write?

52. Elements of Literature
• Essay
What they write may be purely:
- Entertaining like James Ramsey
Ullman’s “Victory on Everest”
- Provocative like Helen Keller’s
“Three days to see”

53. Elements of Literature
• Essay
- Informative like Stewart Edward
White’s “On making Camp”
- Didactic like Howard Pease’s
“Letter to a Fan”

54. Elements of Literature
OTHER LANGUAGES AND
TRANSLATION
If you have some knowledge of the original
language, by all means put your knowledge to
work by reading portion to the original.
The translator may keep the literal meaning as
close as he can and ignore the poetic beauties, or
he may make a poetic translation which is often
far from literal.

55. Judging the Work of Art

56. Judging the Work of Art
“ What makes any work of art great?”
While it is true that much that was created in
the past has been tried in the balance, found
wanting, and discarded, leaving only the best
of past ages, this answer does not help in
assessing modern works.

57. Judging the Work of Art
• Sincerity
 Are the artist’s intentions
perfectly honest? or Is he
striving for effect either by
sentimentality or sensation?

58. Judging the Work of Art
Bartolome Esteban Murillo’s Madame LeBrun’s portrait
paintings of “Virgin and child” Of herself and her daughter

59. Judging the Work of Art
Jean Chardin’s “The blessings” Honore Daumier's “ The Laundress”

60. Judging the Work of Art
Rodin’s “The Kiss” Chagall’s “Birthday Gift”

61. Judging the Work of Art
Michelangelo's “Pieta”
Bernini’s “Ecstasy of Saint Theresa”

62. Judging the Work of Art
• Universality
 Does the work of art have only
momentary value? or Does it embody
universal truths which are permanent?

63. Judging the Work of Art
Peter Paul Rubens’
“The garden of Venus”

64. Judging the Work of Art
Jean-Francois Millet’s Eugene Delacroix’s
“Man with a Hoe” “Liberty leading the People”

65. Judging the Work of Art
Violations of fundamental truth
W.H. Auden’s poem “Musee des Beaux Arts”
and Brueghel’s painting “The fall of Icarus”

66. Judging the Work of Art
• Magnitude
 There are few masterpieces which transcend all
others in scope and monumentality. Don’t think
that you must plumb their depths at your first
contact.

67. Judging the Work of Art
Goethe’s Faust
Dante’s Divine comedy
Michelangelo’s Frescoes in the Sistine Chapel

68. Judging the Work of Art
• Craftmanship
 Does the artist understand his craft and
his workmanship sound?
 Has hequestions arise chiefly inof taste?
These gone beyond the limit s judging
modern works. We are living in a very prolific
period, prolific because there is a very wide interest
in and demand for the arts.