Swami Vivekananda - The Foremost Saint of Modern India
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Swami Vivekanand is great hindu monk who spread the message of vedants in western world. He leave this mortal world in the age of 39 years only but his world will give light to the world forver to the humanity.
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Swami Vivekananda - The Foremost Saint of Modern India
- 1. Swami Vivekananda Foremost Saint of Modern India The Man and His Message Dr. Kamal Singh Rathore BN Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Udaipur- INDIA kamalsrathore@gmail.com +91 9828325713(m)
- 5. Early life… Born: January 12, 1863 in 3, Gor Mukharjee Street, Calcutta on Makara Sankaranti Day at 06:33:33 Morning. His name at birth was Narendranath (Naren, Durgadas, Vile, Bile, Vireshwar). Father: Sri Visvanath Datta (s/o Durgaprasad), a very successful and distinguished lawyer. Mother: Bhuvaneshwari, a very pious lady. Prayer of the Lord was a way of life. Siblings: Mahendra Nath, Bhupendra Nath and Swarnmayi
- 6. Childhood and Early Youth… Narendranath was highly inquisitive and bright in his studies and play. He was well read and had a remarkable power of understanding and retention. He completed Bachelor Arts degree from Scottish Church College, Calcutta in 1884. He was a great thinker and often challenged existing customs and rituals. He often wondered about this world and its Creator. He extensively studied different religious and philosophical systems of East and West. However, no one could satisfy his curiosity and he developed a feeling that the whole talk of God was a myth.
- 7. Transformation… Encounters with Sri Ramakrishna… Silver Coin Test Vision of the Lord Asking Boons from God Narendranath spent about 5 years as a disciple of Sri Ramakrishna and learnt everything concerning Spirituality based on Advaita philosophy. Sri Ramakrishna passed on all his spiritual power to Narendranath before going into samadhi. Narendranath takes charge of Ramakrishna mission at the age of 23, comes to be known as Swami Vivekananda.
- 8. Later Life… Swami Vivekananda travelled across the country from Himalayas to Kanyakumari, studying and understanding the motherland and her problems. Episode with Maharaja of Alwar about idol worship Meditated deeply at Kanyakumari on the last bit of Indian rock for 3 days and had the “Vision of one India”. He also contemplated about going West. India had to be awakened, and that could be done only by making India’s message appreciated in the West.
- 9. Visit to the West… In 1893 Swami Vivekananda sailed to America to attend the Parliament of Religions at Chicago. Episodes from his initial struggle in US… His “Sisters and Brothers of America..” speech in the religious assembly. Swami Vivekananda stayed for couple of years in the US and in England, delivering an extensive series of lectures on Vedanta philosophy preaching universality and brotherhood in various Universities and congregations. Sets up Vedanta Society in New York and England.
- 10. Return to Homeland… In 1897 Swamiji returns to India and is hailed as the new Sankaracharya. Establishes Ramakrishna Mission on May 1, 1897, which is dedicated to the task of teaching self realization and service to humanity. Establishes Belur Math in early 1898 to be a permanent abode for the monastery and monastic order. Revisits the West in 1899-90 and establishes Vedanta society in San Francisco.
- 11. Teachings… Swami Vivekananda firmly believed in the equality of mankind and preached extensively to remove biases and exploitation based on caste, creed, race and gender. Swamiji sought to bring back the spiritual awakening of the nation by instilling faith and pride for India’s culture and heritage. Swamiji is widely regarded as the India’s foremost nation builders. Many other subsequent national leaders including Gandhiji, Nehru, Aurobindo were influenced by his teachings on spirituality and service to the fellow beings.
- 12. Swamiji’s contributions Contribution to World Culture: New Understanding of Religion Bridge between the East and the West New Principle of Morality and Ethics New View of Man Contribution to Hinduism: Identity Unification Defense Meeting the Challenges New Ideal for Monasticism Refurbishing of Religious Doctrines
- 13. Maha samadhi… Swami Vivekananda attained maha samadhi on July 4, 1902 at his Belur Math during meditation. He had a premonition about this. Three days before his death he pointed out the spot for this cremation—the one at which a temple in his memory stands today. In the morning of July 4, he gave instructions concerning the future of Ramakrishna mission to one of his disciples. He had remarked to several persons that he would not live to be forty. His teachings and mission continues to inspire us even after 110 years…
- 14. Belur Math Belur Math is the headquarters of Ramakrishna Mission and Math. Situated over 40 acres on the banks of river Hooghly (Ganga) in Howrah, about an hour drive from Kolkata. Campus includes: Temples dedicated to Sri Ramakrishna, Sri Sarada Devi and Swami Vivekananda. It also houses the main monastry of the Ramakrishna Order. Administrative offices for the mission. Resident Training Center for Vedic education. Charitable Dispensary to serve the sick and needy. “Service to man is the service to the Lord” is the founding principle of Ramakrishna Mission. Today there are mission centers in almost all states of India and several other countries.
- 29. Swami Vivekananda – the photo was taken in Bushnell Studio in San Francisco , 1900
- 31. Swami Vivekananda in Greenacre, Maine in August, 1894
- 38. Vivekananda at Chennai 1897
- 39. Swami Vivekananda with other Religious Leaders at Parliament of the Religion
- 40. Swami Vivekananda on the platform of the Parliament of Religions September 1893. On the platform (left to right) Virchand Gandhi, Dharmapala, Swami
- 48. Relief Work and Service to Humanity
- 49. Relief Work and Service to Humanity
- 50. Belur Math… Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level
- 51. Ancestral house
- 52. Advaita Ashrama, Mayavati, a branch of the Ramakrishna Math, founded on 19 March 1899, later published many of Swami Vivekananda's work, now publishes
- 55. Swami Vivekanand Way.. The Chicago Art Institute was the venue of the famous Hindu monk Swami Vivekananda addressed the Parliament of the World's Religions in 1893. On September 11, 1995, the Art Institute put up a bronze plaque to commemorate Swami Vivekananda's historic address. The plaque reads: "On November 11, 1995, the stretch of Michigan Avenue that passes in front
- 56. plaque of Swami Vivekananda at the prestigious Art Institute of Chicago
- 57. Monks from Belur Math… Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level
- 59. Relief Work and Service to Humanity
- 61. Bhuvaneshwari Devi- Mother of Swami Vivekanand ji
- 62. Ram Krishna Paramhans-Guru of Swami Vivekanand
- 63. Maa Sharda
- 64. Elder Sister of Swami ji Swarnamoyee devi
- 65. Maharaja Ajit Singh ji Khetri, who gave Narendra name as Vividishnand to Swami Vivekanand
- 66. Sister Nivedita
- 68. Goodwin
- 69. Jamshed ji Tata Lokmanya Swami Ramtirth Tilak Swami Yoganand John rench writer M. Romaine Rolland Lyon Maharshi Arvind
- 70. Alasinga Perumal, Maisur Bhaskara Sethupathi, Ramnad Alwar King Mangal Singh
- 72. Pearls of Wisdom no ep u sle yo nd a ch of o ve e ak n ea o rem , aw thi t s. se Wi ri . er serie A re ow mi o s th ep d m e i ts an er wan th ll a
- 73. " This is the one central idea in the Gita: work incessantly, but be not attached to it " " That wonderful poem, without one note in it, of weakness or unmanliness "
- 74. Pearls of Wisdom Ma r Any ch o thin n! you g th wea at m inte k ph ake llect ysic s uall ally, y an reje d sp ct a iritu s po ally, ison .
- 76. Pearls of Wisdom er pow e to t he mor li mit d. T he ore i s no m in e m on he re an t is, th ear um d i T e h a te o b cr et. f th en tr ht t e se o onc is br oug s th c ti ow er tha p p oi nt, on e
- 78. Pearls of Wisdom Blam fault e none s, s t fo r y feet and our resp , an upo own o n si d ta n yo bility k e th ur o upo e wh wn n yo ole u rs e lves .
- 80. Pearls of Wisdom Conquer yourself, and the whole universe is yours.
- 82. Pearls of Wisdom Let us work without desire for name or fame or rule over others. Let us be free from the triple bonds of lust, greed of gain, and anger.
- 84. Pearls of Wisdom Take up one idea. Make that one idea your life. Think of it, dream of it. Live on that idea. Let the brain, muscles, nerves, every part of your body be full of that idea and just leave every other idea alone. This is the way to “SUCCESS”
- 86. Pearls of Wisdom A few whole hearted, sincere, energetic men and women can do more in a year than a mob in a century.
- 89. Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level
- 90. If you want to know India read Swami Vivekananda Nobel laurette Rabindra Nath
- 91. When I read Swami ji, I become highly motivated, he is anchor Netaji Subhash Chandra Boseof my life.
- 99. ‘Our people have lost faith in themselves,’ said Swamiji sadly ‘I will bring back that faith to them. Now I go; but when I return, I shall awaken the sleeping millions of my people.’
- 105. ‘Whatever you are doing,’ he said, ‘put your whole mind on it. If you are shooting, your mind should be only on the target. Then you will never miss. If you are learning your lessons, think only of the lesson. In my country boys are taught to do this.’ - Swami Vivekananda
- 124. "My whole ambition in life is to set in motion machinery which will bring noble ideas to the door of everybody, and then let men and women settle their own fate.Let them know what our forefathers as well as other nations have thought on the most momentous questions of life. We are to put the chemicals together; the crystallization will be done by nature according to her laws. Keep the motto before you "ELEVATION OF THE MASSES WITHOUT INJURING THEIR RELIGION” - SWAMI VIVEKANANDA
- 127. But, mind you, this is life's experience; if you really want the good of others, the whole universe may stand against you and cannot hurt you. It must crumble before your power of the Lord Himself in you if you are sincere and really unselfish.
- 130. "Religion is the realization of Spirit as Spirit. Not spirit as matter."
Notas del editor
- Dr. Kamal Singh Rathore BN Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Udaipur-INDIA [email_address] +91 9828325713(m)
- Episode with Maharaja of Alwar One day at the court of Alwar the young westernized Maharaja who was skeptic asked Vivekananda: Maharaja: Swamiji, you talk of God. Do you believe in the stone gods in the temples?” Swamiji: Yes Maharaja: But How can God be a thing made of stone? Swamiji turned to the prime minister and asked him to take down the picture of the Maharaja and give it to him. When the minister did so, Swamiji asked him to spit on it. The minister was scared and perplexed. He could not do it. Swamiji then explained: “Do you see my point now? The Stone God is like your potrait – a symbol. It helps the common people understand God”.
- Contribution to World Culture 1. New Understanding of Religion : One of the most significant contributions of Swami Vivekananda to the modern world is his interpretation of religion as a universal experience of transcendent Reality, common to all humanity. Swamiji met the challenge of modern science by showing that religion is as scientific as science itself; religion is the ‘science of consciousness’. As such, religion and science are not contradictory to each other but are complementary. This universal conception frees religion from the hold of superstitions, dogmatism, priestcraft and intolerance, and makes religion the highest and noblest pursuit – the pursuit of supreme Freedom, supreme Knowledge, supreme Happiness. 2. New View of Man : Vivekananda’s concept of ‘potential divinity of the soul’ gives a new, ennobling concept of man. The present age is the age of humanism which holds that man should be the chief concern and centre of all activities and thinking. Through science and technology man has attained great prosperity and power, and modern methods of communication and travel have converted human society into a ‘global village’. But the degradation of man has also been going on apace, as witnessed by the enormous increase in broken homes, immorality, violence, crime, etc. in modern society. Vivekananda’s concept of potential divinity of the soul prevents this degradation, divinizes human relationships, and makes life meaningful and worth living. Swamiji has laid the foundation for ‘spiritual humanism’, which is manifesting itself through several neo-humanistic movements and the current interest in meditation, Zen etc all over the world. 3. New Principle of Morality and Ethics : The prevalent morality, in both individual life and social life, is mostly based on fear – fear of the police, fear of public ridicule, fear of God’s punishment, fear of Karma, and so on. The current theories of ethics also do not explain why a person should be moral and be good to others. Vivekananda has given a new theory of ethics and new principle of morality based on the intrinsic purity and oneness of the Atman. We should be pure because purity is our real nature, our true divine Self or Atman. Similarly, we should love and serve our neighbours because we are all one in the Supreme Spirit known as Paramatman or Brahman. 4. Bridge between the East and the West : Another great contribution of Swami Vivekananda was to build a bridge between Indian culture and Western culture. He did it by interpreting Hindu scriptures and philosophy and the Hindu way of life and institutions to the Western people in an idiom which they could understand. He made the Western people realize that they had to learn much from Indian spirituality for their own well-being. He showed that, in spite of her poverty and backwardness, India had a great contribution to make to world culture. In this way he was instrumental in ending India’s cultural isolation from the rest of the world. He was India’s first great cultural ambassador to the West. Contribution to Hinduism 1. Identity : It was Swami Vivekananda who gave to Hinduism as a whole a clear-cut identity, a distinct profile. Before Swamiji came Hinduism was a loose confederation of many different sects. Swamiji was the first religious leader to speak about the common bases of Hinduism and the common ground of all sects. He was the first person, as guided by his Master Sri Ramakrishna, to accept all Hindu doctrines and the views of all Hindu philosophers and sects as different aspects of one total view of Reality and way of life known as Hinduism. Speaking about Swamiji’s role in giving Hinduism its distinct identity, Sister Nivedita wrote: “… it may be said that when he began to speak it was of ‘the religious ideas of the Hindus’, but when he ended, Hinduism had been created.” 2. Unification : Before Swamiji came, there was a lot of quarrel and competition among the various sects of Hinduism. Similarly, the protagonists of different systems and schools of philosophy were claiming their views to be the only true and valid ones. By applying Sri Ramakrishna’s doctrine of Harmony ( Samanvaya ) Swamiji brought about an overall unification of Hinduism on the basis of the principle of unity in diversity. Speaking about Swamiji’s role in this field K M Pannikar , the eminent historian and diplomat, wrote: “This new Shankaracharya may well be claimed to be a unifier of Hindu ideology.” 3. Defence : Another important service rendered by Swamiji was to raise his voice in defence of Hinduism. In fact, this was one of the main types of work he did in the West. Christian missionary propaganda had given a wrong understanding of Hinduism and India in Western minds. Swamiji had to face a lot of opposition in his attempts to defend Hinduism. 4. Meeting the Challenges : At the end of the 19th century, India in general, and Hinduism in particular, faced grave challenges from Western materialistic life, the ideas of Western free society, and the proselytizing activities of Christians. Vivekananda met these challenges by integrating the best elements of Western culture in Hindu culture. 5. New Ideal of Monasticism : A major contribution of Vivekananda to Hinduism is the rejuvenation and modernization of monasticism. In this new monastic ideal, followed in the Ramakrishna Order, the ancient principles of renunciation and God realization are combined with service to God in man ( Shiva jnane jiva seva ). Vivekananda elevated social service to the status of divine service. 6. Refurbishing of Hindu Philosophy and Religious Doctrines : Vivekananda did not merely interpret ancient Hindu scriptures and philosophical ideas in terms of modern thought. He also added several illuminating original concepts based on his own transcendental experiences and vision of the future. This, however, needs a detailed study of Hindu philosophy which cannot be attempted here.