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Transparency International is the global civil society organisation leading the
fight against corruption. Through more than 90 chapters worldwide and
an international secretariat in Berlin, we raise awareness of the damaging
effects of corruption and work with partners in government, business and
civil society to develop and implement effective measures to tackle it.




www.transparency.org

Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained
in this report. All information was believed to be correct as of November 2011.
Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility for the
consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts.
ISBN: 978-3-943497-18-2
Design: Sophie Everett
Printed on 100% recycled paper.
©2011 Transparency International. All rights reserved.
Public outcry at corruption, impunity and economic
instability sent shockwaves around the world in 2011.
Protests in many countries have escalated quickly from
small scale action to mass demonstration, uniting people
from all parts of society. Their backgrounds may be
diverse, but the message is the same: more transparency
and accountability from our leaders is needed.
The 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index shows
that public frustration is well founded. No region or
country in the world is immune to the damages of
public-sector corruption, the vast majority of the 183
countries and territories assessed score below five on
a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 10 (very clean).
New Zealand, Denmark and Finland top the list, while
North Korea and Somalia are at the bottom.
“This year we have seen corruption on protestors’
banners be they rich or poor. Whether in a Europe
hit by debt crisis or an Arab world starting a new
political era, leaders must heed the demands for                The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries
better government,” said Huguette Labelle, Chair of             according to their perceived levels of public-sector
Transparency International.                                     corruption. The 2011 index draws on different assessments
                                                                and business opinion surveys carried out by independent
Public-sector governance that puts the interests of
                                                                and reputable institutions. The surveys and assessments
its citizens first is a responsibility that is not restricted
                                                                used to compile the index include questions relating
to any border. Governments must act accordingly.
                                                                to the bribery of public officials, kickbacks in public
For their part, citizens need to continue demanding
                                                                procurement, embezzlement of public funds, and
better performance from their leaders. If we work
                                                                questions that probe the strength and effectiveness of
together, the situation shown by this year’s Corruption
                                                                public-sector anti-corruption efforts.
Perceptions Index can improve. These are our                                                                                Huguette Labelle
countries and our future.                                       Perceptions are used because corruption – whether           Chair, Transparency International
                                                                frequency or amount – is to a great extent a hidden
                                                                activity that is difficult to measure. Over time,
                                                                perceptions have proved to be a reliable estimate
                                                                of corruption. Measuring scandals, investigations or
                                                                prosecutions, while offering ‘non-perception’ data,
                                                                reflect less on the prevalence of corruption in a
                                                                country and more on other factors, such as freedom
                                                                of the press or the efficiency of the judicial system.
                                                                The Corruption Perceptions Index complements
                                                                Transparency International’s many other tools that
                                                                measure corruption and integrity in the public and
                                                                private sectors at global, national and local levels.
                                                                For detailed information on the 2011 Corruption
                                                                Perceptions Index please visit www.transparency.org
SCORE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      VERY       9 - 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     CLEAN
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 8 - 8.9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 7 - 7.9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 6 - 6.9



CORRUPTION
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 5 - 5.9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 4 - 4.9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 3 - 3.9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 2 - 2.9



PERCEPTIONS                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          HIGHLY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   CORRUPT
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1 - 1.9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 0 - 0.9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 No data



INDEX 2011
THE PERCEIVED LEVELS OF
PUBLIC-SECTOR CORRUPTION
IN 183 COUNTRIES/TERRITORIES
AROUND THE WORLD



RANK      COUNTRY/TERRITORY   SCORE                                     RANK       COUNTRY/TERRITORY   SCORE                                       RANK       COUNTRY/TERRITORY   SCORE                                    RANK      COUNTRY/TERRITORY       SCORE

1      New Zealand            9.5     25   France                 7.0   46     Mauritius               5.1     69   Samoa                    3.9   95     India                   3.1     120   Bangladesh           2.7   143    Belarus                    2.4     168   Angola                      2.0
2      Denmark                9.4     25   Saint Lucia            7.0   49     Rwanda                  5.0     73   Brazil                   3.8   95     Kiribati                3.1     120   Ecuador              2.7   143    Comoros                    2.4     168   Chad                        2.0
2      Finland                9.4     25   Uruguay                7.0   50     Costa Rica              4.8     73   Tunisia                  3.8   95     Swaziland               3.1     120   Ethiopia             2.7   143    Mauritania                 2.4     168   Democratic Republic         2.0
4      Sweden                 9.3     28   United Arab Emirates   6.8   50     Lithuania               4.8     75   China                    3.6   95     Tonga                   3.1     120   Guatemala            2.7   143    Nigeria                    2.4           of the Congo

5      Singapore              9.2     29   Estonia                6.4   50     Oman                    4.8     75   Romania                  3.6   100    Argentina               3.0     120   Iran                 2.7   143    Russia                     2.4     168   Libya                       2.0

6      Norway                 9.0     30   Cyprus                 6.3   50     Seychelles              4.8     77   Gambia                   3.5   100    Benin                   3.0     120   Kazakhstan           2.7   143    Timor-Leste                2.4     172   Burundi                     1.9

7      Netherlands            8.9     31   Spain                  6.2   54     Hungary                 4.6     77   Lesotho                  3.5   100    Burkina Faso            3.0     120   Mongolia             2.7   143    Togo                       2.4     172   Equatorial Guinea           1.9

8      Australia              8.8     32   Botswana               6.1   54     Kuwait                  4.6     77   Vanuatu                  3.5   100    Djibouti                3.0     120   Mozambique           2.7   143    Uganda                     2.4     172   Venezuela                   1.9

8      Switzerland            8.8     32   Portugal               6.1   56     Jordan                  4.5     80   Colombia                 3.4   100    Gabon                   3.0     120   Solomon Islands      2.7   152    Tajikistan                 2.3     175   Haiti                       1.8

10     Canada                 8.7     32   Taiwan                 6.1   57     Czech Republic          4.4     80   El Salvador              3.4   100    Indonesia               3.0     129   Armenia              2.6   152    Ukraine                    2.3     175   Iraq                        1.8

11     Luxembourg             8.5     35   Slovenia               5.9   57     Namibia                 4.4     80   Greece                   3.4   100    Madagascar              3.0     129   Dominican Republic   2.6   154    Central African Republic   2.2     177   Sudan                       1.6

12     Hong Kong              8.4     36   Israel                 5.8   57     Saudi Arabia            4.4     80   Morocco                  3.4   100    Malawi                  3.0     129   Honduras             2.6   154    Congo Republic             2.2     177   Turkmenistan                1.6

13     Iceland                8.3     36   Saint Vincent and      5.8   60     Malaysia                4.3     80   Peru                     3.4   100    Mexico                  3.0     129   Philippines          2.6   154    Côte d´Ivoire              2.2     177   Uzbekistan                  1.6

14     Germany                8.0          the Grenadines               61     Cuba                    4.2     80   Thailand                 3.4   100    Sao Tome and Principe   3.0     129   Syria                2.6   154    Guinea-Bissau              2.2     180   Afghanistan                 1.5

14     Japan                  8.0     38   Bhutan                 5.7   61     Latvia                  4.2     86   Bulgaria                 3.3   100    Suriname                3.0     134   Cameroon             2.5   154    Kenya                      2.2     180   Myanmar                     1.5

16     Austria                7.8     39   Malta                  5.6   61     Turkey                  4.2     86   Jamaica                  3.3   100    Tanzania                3.0     134   Eritrea              2.5   154    Laos                       2.2     182   Korea (North)               1.0

16     Barbados               7.8     39   Puerto Rico            5.6   64     Georgia                 4.1     86   Panama                   3.3   112    Algeria                 2.9     134   Guyana               2.5   154    Nepal                      2.2     182   Somalia                     1.0

16     United Kingdom         7.8     41   Cape Verde             5.5   64     South Africa            4.1     86   Serbia                   3.3   112    Egypt                   2.9     134   Lebanon              2.5   154    Papua New Guinea           2.2
19     Belgium                7.5     41   Poland                 5.5   66     Croatia                 4.0     86   Sri Lanka                3.3   112    Kosovo                  2.9     134   Maldives             2.5   154    Paraguay                   2.2
19     Ireland                7.5     43   Korea (South)          5.4   66     Montenegro              4.0     91   Bosnia and Herzegovina   3.2   112    Moldova                 2.9     134   Nicaragua            2.5   154    Zimbabwe                   2.2
21     Bahamas                7.3     44   Brunei                 5.2   66     Slovakia                4.0     91   Liberia                  3.2   112    Senegal                 2.9     134   Niger                2.5   164    Cambodia                   2.1
22     Chile                  7.2     44   Dominica               5.2   69     Ghana                   3.9     91   Trinidad and Tobago      3.2   112    Vietnam                 2.9     134   Pakistan             2.5   164    Guinea                     2.1
22     Qatar                  7.2     46   Bahrain                5.1   69     Italy                   3.9     91   Zambia                   3.2   118    Bolivia                 2.8     134   Sierra Leone         2.5   164    Kyrgyzstan                 2.1
24     United States          7.1     46   Macau                  5.1   69     FYR Macedonia           3.9     95   Albania                  3.1   118    Mali                    2.8     143   Azerbaijan           2.4   164    Yemen                      2.1
CORRUPTION                                             VERY
                                                       CLEAN      AMERICAS

PERCEPTIONS                        12                            CANADA	                                HAITI


INDEX 2011                     9        7




                                            15
                                                                 ASIA PACIFIC




                           6
NUMBER OF COUNTRIES
ACCORDING TO PERCEIVED                                           NEW ZEALAND	                    NORTH KOREA




                                            19
                          12
                                                       HIGHLY
LEVELS OF PUBLIC-SECTOR                                CORRUPT
CORRUPTION
                                                                 EASTERN EUROPE & CENTRAL ASIA

                                                                 TURKEY	             TURKMENISTAN, UZBEKISTAN



                                                                 EU & WESTERN EUROPE


BEST
NEW ZEALAND                                      4 3             DENMARK, FINLAND	



                                                                 MIDDLE EAST & NORTH AFRICA
                                                                                                    BULGARIA



DENMARK
FINLAND




                           60
                                                                 QATAR	                                  IRAQ
WORST
AFGHANISTAN
MYANMAR                                                          SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
NORTH KOREA
SOMALIA                                                          BOTSWANA	                           SOMALIA
Acknowledgements
Generous support for the 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index
was provided by Ernst & Young.
We are grateful for the contributions to our core activities,
including this publication, from the Canadian Agency for
International Development; the Danish Ministry of Foreign
Affairs (Danida); the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland; Irish
Aid; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands; the
Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation; Swedish
International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida); the
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation; and the
UK Department for International Development. The contents
of this report do not necessarily reflect the views of these
donors.
For a full list of all contributors and to find out how you can
support our work please visit www.transparency.org
Transparency International
International Secretariat
Alt-Moabit 96
10559 Berlin
Germany

Phone: +49 - 30 - 34 38 200
Fax: +49 - 30 - 34 70 39 12

ti@transparency.org
www.transparency.org

blog.transparency.org
facebook.com/transparencyinternational
twitter.com/anticorruption

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Corruption Perceptions Index 2011

  • 1.
  • 2. Transparency International is the global civil society organisation leading the fight against corruption. Through more than 90 chapters worldwide and an international secretariat in Berlin, we raise awareness of the damaging effects of corruption and work with partners in government, business and civil society to develop and implement effective measures to tackle it. www.transparency.org Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was believed to be correct as of November 2011. Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. ISBN: 978-3-943497-18-2 Design: Sophie Everett Printed on 100% recycled paper. ©2011 Transparency International. All rights reserved.
  • 3. Public outcry at corruption, impunity and economic instability sent shockwaves around the world in 2011. Protests in many countries have escalated quickly from small scale action to mass demonstration, uniting people from all parts of society. Their backgrounds may be diverse, but the message is the same: more transparency and accountability from our leaders is needed. The 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index shows that public frustration is well founded. No region or country in the world is immune to the damages of public-sector corruption, the vast majority of the 183 countries and territories assessed score below five on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 10 (very clean). New Zealand, Denmark and Finland top the list, while North Korea and Somalia are at the bottom. “This year we have seen corruption on protestors’ banners be they rich or poor. Whether in a Europe hit by debt crisis or an Arab world starting a new political era, leaders must heed the demands for The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries better government,” said Huguette Labelle, Chair of according to their perceived levels of public-sector Transparency International. corruption. The 2011 index draws on different assessments and business opinion surveys carried out by independent Public-sector governance that puts the interests of and reputable institutions. The surveys and assessments its citizens first is a responsibility that is not restricted used to compile the index include questions relating to any border. Governments must act accordingly. to the bribery of public officials, kickbacks in public For their part, citizens need to continue demanding procurement, embezzlement of public funds, and better performance from their leaders. If we work questions that probe the strength and effectiveness of together, the situation shown by this year’s Corruption public-sector anti-corruption efforts. Perceptions Index can improve. These are our Huguette Labelle countries and our future. Perceptions are used because corruption – whether Chair, Transparency International frequency or amount – is to a great extent a hidden activity that is difficult to measure. Over time, perceptions have proved to be a reliable estimate of corruption. Measuring scandals, investigations or prosecutions, while offering ‘non-perception’ data, reflect less on the prevalence of corruption in a country and more on other factors, such as freedom of the press or the efficiency of the judicial system. The Corruption Perceptions Index complements Transparency International’s many other tools that measure corruption and integrity in the public and private sectors at global, national and local levels. For detailed information on the 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index please visit www.transparency.org
  • 4. SCORE VERY 9 - 10 CLEAN 8 - 8.9 7 - 7.9 6 - 6.9 CORRUPTION 5 - 5.9 4 - 4.9 3 - 3.9 2 - 2.9 PERCEPTIONS HIGHLY CORRUPT 1 - 1.9 0 - 0.9 No data INDEX 2011 THE PERCEIVED LEVELS OF PUBLIC-SECTOR CORRUPTION IN 183 COUNTRIES/TERRITORIES AROUND THE WORLD RANK COUNTRY/TERRITORY SCORE RANK COUNTRY/TERRITORY SCORE RANK COUNTRY/TERRITORY SCORE RANK COUNTRY/TERRITORY SCORE 1 New Zealand 9.5 25 France 7.0 46 Mauritius 5.1 69 Samoa 3.9 95 India 3.1 120 Bangladesh 2.7 143 Belarus 2.4 168 Angola 2.0 2 Denmark 9.4 25 Saint Lucia 7.0 49 Rwanda 5.0 73 Brazil 3.8 95 Kiribati 3.1 120 Ecuador 2.7 143 Comoros 2.4 168 Chad 2.0 2 Finland 9.4 25 Uruguay 7.0 50 Costa Rica 4.8 73 Tunisia 3.8 95 Swaziland 3.1 120 Ethiopia 2.7 143 Mauritania 2.4 168 Democratic Republic 2.0 4 Sweden 9.3 28 United Arab Emirates 6.8 50 Lithuania 4.8 75 China 3.6 95 Tonga 3.1 120 Guatemala 2.7 143 Nigeria 2.4 of the Congo 5 Singapore 9.2 29 Estonia 6.4 50 Oman 4.8 75 Romania 3.6 100 Argentina 3.0 120 Iran 2.7 143 Russia 2.4 168 Libya 2.0 6 Norway 9.0 30 Cyprus 6.3 50 Seychelles 4.8 77 Gambia 3.5 100 Benin 3.0 120 Kazakhstan 2.7 143 Timor-Leste 2.4 172 Burundi 1.9 7 Netherlands 8.9 31 Spain 6.2 54 Hungary 4.6 77 Lesotho 3.5 100 Burkina Faso 3.0 120 Mongolia 2.7 143 Togo 2.4 172 Equatorial Guinea 1.9 8 Australia 8.8 32 Botswana 6.1 54 Kuwait 4.6 77 Vanuatu 3.5 100 Djibouti 3.0 120 Mozambique 2.7 143 Uganda 2.4 172 Venezuela 1.9 8 Switzerland 8.8 32 Portugal 6.1 56 Jordan 4.5 80 Colombia 3.4 100 Gabon 3.0 120 Solomon Islands 2.7 152 Tajikistan 2.3 175 Haiti 1.8 10 Canada 8.7 32 Taiwan 6.1 57 Czech Republic 4.4 80 El Salvador 3.4 100 Indonesia 3.0 129 Armenia 2.6 152 Ukraine 2.3 175 Iraq 1.8 11 Luxembourg 8.5 35 Slovenia 5.9 57 Namibia 4.4 80 Greece 3.4 100 Madagascar 3.0 129 Dominican Republic 2.6 154 Central African Republic 2.2 177 Sudan 1.6 12 Hong Kong 8.4 36 Israel 5.8 57 Saudi Arabia 4.4 80 Morocco 3.4 100 Malawi 3.0 129 Honduras 2.6 154 Congo Republic 2.2 177 Turkmenistan 1.6 13 Iceland 8.3 36 Saint Vincent and 5.8 60 Malaysia 4.3 80 Peru 3.4 100 Mexico 3.0 129 Philippines 2.6 154 Côte d´Ivoire 2.2 177 Uzbekistan 1.6 14 Germany 8.0 the Grenadines 61 Cuba 4.2 80 Thailand 3.4 100 Sao Tome and Principe 3.0 129 Syria 2.6 154 Guinea-Bissau 2.2 180 Afghanistan 1.5 14 Japan 8.0 38 Bhutan 5.7 61 Latvia 4.2 86 Bulgaria 3.3 100 Suriname 3.0 134 Cameroon 2.5 154 Kenya 2.2 180 Myanmar 1.5 16 Austria 7.8 39 Malta 5.6 61 Turkey 4.2 86 Jamaica 3.3 100 Tanzania 3.0 134 Eritrea 2.5 154 Laos 2.2 182 Korea (North) 1.0 16 Barbados 7.8 39 Puerto Rico 5.6 64 Georgia 4.1 86 Panama 3.3 112 Algeria 2.9 134 Guyana 2.5 154 Nepal 2.2 182 Somalia 1.0 16 United Kingdom 7.8 41 Cape Verde 5.5 64 South Africa 4.1 86 Serbia 3.3 112 Egypt 2.9 134 Lebanon 2.5 154 Papua New Guinea 2.2 19 Belgium 7.5 41 Poland 5.5 66 Croatia 4.0 86 Sri Lanka 3.3 112 Kosovo 2.9 134 Maldives 2.5 154 Paraguay 2.2 19 Ireland 7.5 43 Korea (South) 5.4 66 Montenegro 4.0 91 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.2 112 Moldova 2.9 134 Nicaragua 2.5 154 Zimbabwe 2.2 21 Bahamas 7.3 44 Brunei 5.2 66 Slovakia 4.0 91 Liberia 3.2 112 Senegal 2.9 134 Niger 2.5 164 Cambodia 2.1 22 Chile 7.2 44 Dominica 5.2 69 Ghana 3.9 91 Trinidad and Tobago 3.2 112 Vietnam 2.9 134 Pakistan 2.5 164 Guinea 2.1 22 Qatar 7.2 46 Bahrain 5.1 69 Italy 3.9 91 Zambia 3.2 118 Bolivia 2.8 134 Sierra Leone 2.5 164 Kyrgyzstan 2.1 24 United States 7.1 46 Macau 5.1 69 FYR Macedonia 3.9 95 Albania 3.1 118 Mali 2.8 143 Azerbaijan 2.4 164 Yemen 2.1
  • 5. CORRUPTION VERY CLEAN AMERICAS PERCEPTIONS 12 CANADA HAITI INDEX 2011 9 7 15 ASIA PACIFIC 6 NUMBER OF COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO PERCEIVED NEW ZEALAND NORTH KOREA 19 12 HIGHLY LEVELS OF PUBLIC-SECTOR CORRUPT CORRUPTION EASTERN EUROPE & CENTRAL ASIA TURKEY TURKMENISTAN, UZBEKISTAN EU & WESTERN EUROPE BEST NEW ZEALAND 4 3 DENMARK, FINLAND MIDDLE EAST & NORTH AFRICA BULGARIA DENMARK FINLAND 60 QATAR IRAQ WORST AFGHANISTAN MYANMAR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA NORTH KOREA SOMALIA BOTSWANA SOMALIA
  • 6. Acknowledgements Generous support for the 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index was provided by Ernst & Young. We are grateful for the contributions to our core activities, including this publication, from the Canadian Agency for International Development; the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Danida); the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland; Irish Aid; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands; the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida); the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation; and the UK Department for International Development. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views of these donors. For a full list of all contributors and to find out how you can support our work please visit www.transparency.org
  • 7. Transparency International International Secretariat Alt-Moabit 96 10559 Berlin Germany Phone: +49 - 30 - 34 38 200 Fax: +49 - 30 - 34 70 39 12 ti@transparency.org www.transparency.org blog.transparency.org facebook.com/transparencyinternational twitter.com/anticorruption