Information from the Grammar and Composition Handbook- Grade 10

1. Adverbs P.114-115
A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or
another, adverb by making its meaning more specific.
EXAMPLES: modifying adjectives The movie was very scary.
modifying verbs Never swim alone.
modifying adverbs She almost always waited quite patiently.
They modify by answering these questions.
• When I change the schedule again.
• Where  Leave your coat there.
• How He stacked the books quickly and neatly.
• To what degree We were very sorry.

2. Every word ending in --ly is an
adverb.

3. P. 116
PRACTICE: Identify the adverb and tell whether the word it modifies
is a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
1. The sound he made as he slept was barely noticeable.
2. The dog bit the man unintentionally.
3. Rachel ran out of the burning building quickly.
4. Luis hardly knew her own sister, who had been at boarding school
for four years.
5. Everyone I know thought the movie was terribly boring and almost
too long to bear.
6. The people of Sweden are frequently blonde.
7. The lion tamers approached the escaped lioness very carefully.
8. I will gladly help you with your English homework.
9. Fearfully, Nayda turned to see if anyone was behind her.
10. He stumbled sleepily across the floor and reached for the coffee
thirstily.

4. Different forms of adverbs that indicate their degree of comparison.
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
Does not compare Compares two Compares more
actions than two actions
Runs fast Runs faster Runs fastest
Pays soon Pays sooner Pays soonest
Works hard Works harder Works hardest
*For most adverbs that end in –ly or have more than one
syllable use the word more to form the comparative and most
to form the superlative.
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
Eats healthfully Eats more healthfully Eats most healthfully
Checks often Checks more often Checks most often
Snores loudly Snores more loudly Snores most loudly

5. Irregular forms
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
Swims well Swims better Swims best
Dives badly Dives worse Dives worst
Cares little Cares less Cares least
Sees far Sees farther Sees farthest
Researches far Researches further Researches furthest
PRACTICE: Write the comparative and superlative forms of
each adverb. Consult a dictionary if necessary.
1. Seriously 5. Late 9. Badly
2. Quietly 6. Well 10. Clumsily
3. Near 7. Quick
4. Sincerely 8. Tenderly

6. Prepositions P. 118
 a word that shows the relationship of a noun or
pronoun to another word in a sentence.
• Prepositional phrase
is a group of words in a sentence that begins with a
preposition and ends with a noun or a pronoun called
object of the preposition.
• EXAMPLE: The diamonds in the vault are priceless.
The telephone rang four times during dinner.
Here is a gift for you.

7. Commonly used prepositions:
*Check your handout and your book! (P. 118-119)
Compound Prepositions:
according to because of instead of
ahead of by means of next to
along with except for on account of
part from in addition to on top of
aside from in front of out of
as to in spite of owing to
*Some prepositions can be used as adverbs
USED AS PREPOSITIONS USED AS ADVERBS
I left my boots outside the back door. I left my boots outside.
The speech was over my head. The speech was over.
Everyone came aboard the boat. Everyone came aboard.

8. PRACTICE: Underline each preposition and draw a circle around
the object of the preposition. (P. 120)
1. There is a large group of people playing a baseball game over
that hill.
2. Grizzly bears are commonly found in North America.
3. It started to rain during the third inning.
4. They decided to have their picnic beside the creek.
5. Over the river and through the woods was the way to
Grandma’s condominium.
6. After the movie, Nicole walked Adriel home.
7. Chicago is the largest city in the Midwest, but it is not the
capital of Illinois.
8. Thomas Edison was a collector of birds, owning 5,000 at one
time.
9. During the American Revolution, many brides wore red, a sign
of rebellion.
10. The first Cadillac was sold for $750.

10. A word that joins single words or group of
words.
• Coordinating conjunctions:
Joins single words or groups of words that
have equal grammatical weight in a
sentence.
EXAMPLE:
-One and six are seven.
(nouns)
-Let’s put it on the TV or on the table.
(prepositional phrases)
-I wanted a new sun hat, so I bought one.
(two complete thoughts)

11. • Correlative conjunctions: work in pairs to join words and groups of
words. Gives us a clearer information than coordinating conjunctions.
• EXAMPLE:
coordinating conjunctions correlative conjunctions
He and I were there. Both he and I were there.
Other examples of correlative conjunctions:
-I not only scrubbed but also waxed the floor.
-Either she will sew new curtains, or I will put up the old blinds.
__________________________________________________________
• Subordinating conjunctions: joins an independent clause (complete
sentence) with a dependent clause (incomplete sentence).
• EXAMPLE:
-We can skate on the pond when the ice is sticker.
-We can’t skate until the ice is ticker.

13. Interjections P. 125
a word or phrase that expresses emotion or exclamation. It has
no grammatical connections with other words.
PRACTICE: Identify the interjections.
1. Mrs. Howell stopped and cried out, “Oh, my! Those
flowers in the back garden are breathtakingly
beautiful.”
2. “Yikes!” said Dena with a shudder as she hopped
backwards. “That anaconda is the biggest snake I’ve
ever seen outside a book.
3. “I dropped my wallet in the park,” said Frida. “But
someone returned it, thank goodness!”

14. POSTEST: Identify the parts of speech.
10- P. 128
11- P. 129
12- P. 129

15. P. 126
Write two sentences with each word as two different parts of speech.
You will write a total of twenty sentences. Circle the word and identify
the part of speech you are using.
Example: block
Walk the dog around the block. NOUN
Block that play! VERB
1. bowl
2. dance
3. past
4. record
5. another
6. fly
7. frame
8. light
9. so
10. that