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Progetti
Mario Botta
Leeum: Samsung Museum of Arts
text by Giovanni Polazzi
Località Location

Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art 747-18, Hannam-Dong, Yongsan-Gu, Seoul, Korea

Cliente Client

Samsung Foundation for Culture

Progettisti Design Architects

Mario Botta

Collaboratori Collaborators

Studio Botta: Maurizio Pelli, Ugo Früh, Francis Blouin, Guido Medri,
Paola Pellandini, Nicola Salvadé, Davide Macullo, Antonello Scala,
Tommaso Botta, Marco Strozzi

Architetto partner Architect of record

Samoo Architects & Engineers, Seoul

Strutture Structural engineering

Ove Arup and Partners, London

Impresa di costruzione Building contractor Samsung Engineering & Construction
Progetto Planning time

1995-97 > 2002

Realizzazione Completion time

2002 > 2004

Area lotto Lot area

2.333m2

Superficie costruita Built area

10.000m2 (including 1.600m2 for exhibition purposes)

Pietro Savorelli

Projects

74

Volume costruito Built volume

42.000m3

1
Pietro Savorelli

Progetti Leeum: Museo Samsung delle Arti

1
Particolare del cono
rovesciato rivestito in
cotto Sannini
2
Vista generale
del complesso
3
Pianta del piano terra

Projects Leeum: Samsung Mueum of Arts

76

Due volumi dalle forme geometriche primarie
in terracotta rappresentano il segno di Botta
per il nuovo museo dell’Arte Tradizionale di
Seoul.
Costruire un museo dell’arte antica all’interno
del un centro culturale più ampio, in cui sono
stati chiamati architetti di fama internazionale quali Jean Nouvel, per realizzare il museo
d’arte contemporanea e Rem Koolhaas per
realizzare uno spazio per esposizioni temporanee, costituisce sicuramente un’importante
sfida per il noto architetto svizzero.
Il progetto si concretizza con un segno deciso
nel panorama del caotico conurbamento di
Seoul, attraverso la contrapposizione di due
elementi puri; un parallelepipedo e un cono
rovesciato, secondo la più classica ispirazione Kahniana, alla quale Mario Botta ci ha già
più volte abituati. I due volumi sono collocati
su un basamento che è concepito come nuovo
suolo e come elemento di giunzione con gli
altri due interventi.
Il parallelepipedo è caratterizzato da una sequenza di volumi sul coronamento che contengono alberature e che richiamano l’immagine delle bandiere poste sulla sommità delle
torri e degli antichi avamposti di controllo.
Tale sequenza volumetrica alleggerisce la
massa complessiva dell’edificio e costituisce
un suadente sfondo di chiusura del sistema
dei musei verso la collina. Il cono rovesciato,
incastonato come una pietra preziosa nel corpo principale del museo, rappresenta invece
il vero fulcro, l’elemento su cui ruota l’intero
intervento.

2

Two elementary geometric volumes in terracotta
distinguish the new Museum of Traditional Arts
of Seoul by Botta.
To build a museum of ancient arts, part of a larger
cultural center with buildings designed by internationally famous architects as Jean Nouvel who
designed the museum of contemporary art and
Reem Koolhaas who has created the temporary
exhibition venue, has certainly represented a
significant challenge for the renowned Swiss
architect. The project represents a landmark in
the chaotic townscape of Seoul with its two contrasting and pure elements, a parallelepiped and
an overturned cone, faithful to the most classical
lesson of Kahn, that has served as source of inspiration for several of Mario Botta’s works. The
two volumes are placed on a base conceived like
a new ground, and as a junction element with the
other two venues. The parallelepiped is characterized by a series of volumes on the perimeter
with a row of poles, evoking the image of the
flags placed on top of towers and ancient sentinel
outposts. This volumetric sequence makes the
building as a whole appear lighter, and provides a
convincing conclusion of the museum aggregate
as seen against the background of the hills. The
overturned cone, set like a gem in the main museum body, on the contrary represents the true
fulcrum, the element on which the entire complex centers. As facing for the building, Botta has
resorted to a traditional building material, namely earthenware, but he has given it an up-to-date
touch and used a design conceived especially for
this project, with a building method that feature
no glue or concrete, namely that of the ventilated

façade. Smooth, 50cm tall elements alternated
by strips of cuspidate elements cover the parallelepiped volume, creating a textural variation
that gives the building an original charm. Also
the overturned cone is faced with cuspidate elements, 50cm tall and 15cm wide, but in this case
the frustum surface features a modular system
consisting of a single trapeziform element that
covers the entire curved surface of the exhibition
building. The decision to face the exterior of both
blocks with a single material has contributed to
accentuate their form and the volumetric relations between the bodies. Like in a traditional
Korean fortress, the museum appears with a
hermetic and impenetrable image, where the
exhibition space is completely introverted and
contemplative, defined by a series of autonomous
spaces, protected from every direct relation with
the exterior. While the exhibition space of the
Guggenheim museum by Frank Lloyd Wright is
conceived as a single environment that develops
around a central void in the form of a continuous
spiral path, the interior of the museum is Seoul
is characterized by a frustum stairs that provides
access to independent exhibition rooms arranged
on the four floors of the circular crown.
The stairs, lit from above by a generous skylight, underscores, through its section that tapers downwards, the perception of the depth of
the space, projecting the visitor within the basement that communicates with the museum of
contemporary art by Jean Nouvel and the space
for temporary exhibitions by Rem Koolhaas that
complete the cultural project wanted and built by
the Samsung foundation.

1
Detail of the upside-down
cone laid with brickwork
2
General view
of the complex
3
Ground floor plan

3

0 1

10m
Progetti Leeum: Museo Samsung delle Arti

Per la finitura esterna dell’edificio Botta si è
affidato ad un materiale classico della tradizione costruttiva il cotto, ma lo ha ripensato
e utilizzato secondo un disegno specifico per
questo progetto e secondo una modalità costruttive a secco come quella della facciata
ventilata. Elementi lisci di 50cm di altezza,
alternati a fasce di elementi a cuspide rivestono il volume parallelepipedo e creano una
variazione materica che arricchisce l’immagine dell’edificio. Anche il cono rovesciato è
rivestito con elementi a cuspide di 50cm di altezza per 15 di larghezza, in questo caso però
la superficie troncoconica è risolta attraverso
un sistema modulare costituito da un unico
pezzo a pianta trapezoidale, in grado di coprire l’intera superficie curva del volume espositivo. La scelta di rivestire le superfici esterne
dei due blocchi con un unico materiale, ha
contribuito ad esaltarne la forma e le relazioni
volumetriche fra i corpi. Come in una fortezza
della tradizione coreana, il museo si propone
con una immagine ermetica e impenetrabile

in cui lo spazio espositivo è completamente
introverso e contemplativo e definito da una
serie di spazi autonomi, al riparo da ogni relazione diretta con l’esterno.
Mentre nel Guggenheim Museum di Frank
Lloyd Wright, lo spazio espositivo è concepito
come un unico ambiente che si sviluppa intorno al vuoto centrale secondo un percorso
continuo a spirale, lo spazio interno del museo
di Seoul è caratterizzato da una scala troncoconica, che distribuisce a spazi espositivi indipendenti disposti sui quattro piani nella corona circolare.
La scala, illuminata in maniera zenitale da un
generoso lucernario, attraverso la sua sezione che si rastrema verso il basso, accentua la
percezione di profondità dello spazio e proietta il visitatore all’interno del basamento dal
quale può raggiungere il museo di arte contemporanea di Jean Nouvel e lo spazio per le
esposizioni temporanee di Rem Koolhaas che
completano il progetto culturale voluto e realizzato dalla fondazione Samsung.

4
Sezione trasversale
passante sul cono
rovesciato che accoglie
la distribuzione verticale
5
Vista dei due volumi
che compongono il
complesso: tronco di cono
e parallelepipedo
6
Particolare dell’innesto
cono-parallelepipedo

1
4

Pietro Savorelli

10m

4
Cross section through
the cone which houses
the vertical distribution
5
View on the two volumes
that make up the entire
complex: the frustum
of a cone and the
parallelepiped
6
Detail of the connexion
between cone and
parallelepiped

0

Projects Leeum: Samsung Mueum of Arts

78

5
Progetti Leeum: Museo Samsung delle Arti

7
Sezione e prospetto del
rivestimento in cotto:
1. sistema di ancoraggio
di Sannini Impruneta;
2. Cottostone Sannini
Impruneta utilizzato in
vari formati; 3. struttura
principal in cemento
armato; 4. profilo inox
verticale; 5. angolare
in acciaio il deflusso
dell’acqua.
8
Dettaglio dell’ancoraggio
del rivestimento in mattoni:
1. elemento in cotto Sannini
di sezione trapezoidale;
2. elemento in cotto Sannini
a piastra 500x250x50mm;
3. profilo inox verticale;
4.profilo inox continuo di
appoggio del cotto; 5. piatto
inox satinato asportabile;
6. piastra inox mobile per lo
smontaggio del cotto.
9
Vista interna all’edificio

1
2
3

4

5

6

8

6

Thyssenkrupp Dongyang (Korea)

Brise-soleil
Sun guard

Sunrex (Korea)
Samoo EMC (Korea)

Elementi d’illuminazione
Lighting elements

Projects Leeum: Samsung Mueum of Arts

Informazioni Information
Ascensori
Elevators

Erco (Germany),
Taekyung Lighting. co. ltd (Korea)

Elementi in laterizio
Tile elements

Sannini Impruneta (Italy)

Elementi in legno
Wooden elements

Bembe (Germany),
Heehoon. co. ltd (Korea)

Elementi in pietra naturale
Natural stone elements

Rocamat (France),
Bum Ah Stone. co. ltd (Korea)

Elementi in vetro
Glass elements

Saint-Gobain (France),
Dong Shin Glass. co. ltd (Korea)

Impianto di sicurezza
Safety system

S1 (Korea)

Intonaco
Plastering

San Marco (Italy),
Heehoon.co.ltd (Korea)

Pavimenti in legno
Wood flooring

Bembe (Germany),
Heehoon. co. ltd (Korea)

Soffittature
Ceilings

Topakustik (Swiss),
Spk Alliance(Korea)

7
Detail of the section and
elevation of the covered
wall: 1. Sannini Impruneta
anchoring system;
2. Sannini Impruneta
Cottostone brick in
different dimensions;
3. concrete main structure;
4. stainless steel anchoring
system; 5. steel water drain
tool.
8
Detail of the section on
the covering: 1. Cottostone
Sannini Impruneta
trapezoidal bricks;
2. 500x250x50mm plate
cotto Sannini element;
3. vertical steel profile;
4. continuous steel plate
supporting the cotto
elements; 5. removable
glazed steel plate; 6. mobile
steel plate for bricks
disassembly
9
Internal view of the
building

1

2
3
4

5

Pietro Savorelli

80

Pietro Savorelli

0 1

7

9

5cm

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Leeum: Samsung Museum of Arts; Seoul, Korea.

  • 1. Progetti Mario Botta Leeum: Samsung Museum of Arts text by Giovanni Polazzi Località Location Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art 747-18, Hannam-Dong, Yongsan-Gu, Seoul, Korea Cliente Client Samsung Foundation for Culture Progettisti Design Architects Mario Botta Collaboratori Collaborators Studio Botta: Maurizio Pelli, Ugo Früh, Francis Blouin, Guido Medri, Paola Pellandini, Nicola Salvadé, Davide Macullo, Antonello Scala, Tommaso Botta, Marco Strozzi Architetto partner Architect of record Samoo Architects & Engineers, Seoul Strutture Structural engineering Ove Arup and Partners, London Impresa di costruzione Building contractor Samsung Engineering & Construction Progetto Planning time 1995-97 > 2002 Realizzazione Completion time 2002 > 2004 Area lotto Lot area 2.333m2 Superficie costruita Built area 10.000m2 (including 1.600m2 for exhibition purposes) Pietro Savorelli Projects 74 Volume costruito Built volume 42.000m3 1
  • 2. Pietro Savorelli Progetti Leeum: Museo Samsung delle Arti 1 Particolare del cono rovesciato rivestito in cotto Sannini 2 Vista generale del complesso 3 Pianta del piano terra Projects Leeum: Samsung Mueum of Arts 76 Due volumi dalle forme geometriche primarie in terracotta rappresentano il segno di Botta per il nuovo museo dell’Arte Tradizionale di Seoul. Costruire un museo dell’arte antica all’interno del un centro culturale più ampio, in cui sono stati chiamati architetti di fama internazionale quali Jean Nouvel, per realizzare il museo d’arte contemporanea e Rem Koolhaas per realizzare uno spazio per esposizioni temporanee, costituisce sicuramente un’importante sfida per il noto architetto svizzero. Il progetto si concretizza con un segno deciso nel panorama del caotico conurbamento di Seoul, attraverso la contrapposizione di due elementi puri; un parallelepipedo e un cono rovesciato, secondo la più classica ispirazione Kahniana, alla quale Mario Botta ci ha già più volte abituati. I due volumi sono collocati su un basamento che è concepito come nuovo suolo e come elemento di giunzione con gli altri due interventi. Il parallelepipedo è caratterizzato da una sequenza di volumi sul coronamento che contengono alberature e che richiamano l’immagine delle bandiere poste sulla sommità delle torri e degli antichi avamposti di controllo. Tale sequenza volumetrica alleggerisce la massa complessiva dell’edificio e costituisce un suadente sfondo di chiusura del sistema dei musei verso la collina. Il cono rovesciato, incastonato come una pietra preziosa nel corpo principale del museo, rappresenta invece il vero fulcro, l’elemento su cui ruota l’intero intervento. 2 Two elementary geometric volumes in terracotta distinguish the new Museum of Traditional Arts of Seoul by Botta. To build a museum of ancient arts, part of a larger cultural center with buildings designed by internationally famous architects as Jean Nouvel who designed the museum of contemporary art and Reem Koolhaas who has created the temporary exhibition venue, has certainly represented a significant challenge for the renowned Swiss architect. The project represents a landmark in the chaotic townscape of Seoul with its two contrasting and pure elements, a parallelepiped and an overturned cone, faithful to the most classical lesson of Kahn, that has served as source of inspiration for several of Mario Botta’s works. The two volumes are placed on a base conceived like a new ground, and as a junction element with the other two venues. The parallelepiped is characterized by a series of volumes on the perimeter with a row of poles, evoking the image of the flags placed on top of towers and ancient sentinel outposts. This volumetric sequence makes the building as a whole appear lighter, and provides a convincing conclusion of the museum aggregate as seen against the background of the hills. The overturned cone, set like a gem in the main museum body, on the contrary represents the true fulcrum, the element on which the entire complex centers. As facing for the building, Botta has resorted to a traditional building material, namely earthenware, but he has given it an up-to-date touch and used a design conceived especially for this project, with a building method that feature no glue or concrete, namely that of the ventilated façade. Smooth, 50cm tall elements alternated by strips of cuspidate elements cover the parallelepiped volume, creating a textural variation that gives the building an original charm. Also the overturned cone is faced with cuspidate elements, 50cm tall and 15cm wide, but in this case the frustum surface features a modular system consisting of a single trapeziform element that covers the entire curved surface of the exhibition building. The decision to face the exterior of both blocks with a single material has contributed to accentuate their form and the volumetric relations between the bodies. Like in a traditional Korean fortress, the museum appears with a hermetic and impenetrable image, where the exhibition space is completely introverted and contemplative, defined by a series of autonomous spaces, protected from every direct relation with the exterior. While the exhibition space of the Guggenheim museum by Frank Lloyd Wright is conceived as a single environment that develops around a central void in the form of a continuous spiral path, the interior of the museum is Seoul is characterized by a frustum stairs that provides access to independent exhibition rooms arranged on the four floors of the circular crown. The stairs, lit from above by a generous skylight, underscores, through its section that tapers downwards, the perception of the depth of the space, projecting the visitor within the basement that communicates with the museum of contemporary art by Jean Nouvel and the space for temporary exhibitions by Rem Koolhaas that complete the cultural project wanted and built by the Samsung foundation. 1 Detail of the upside-down cone laid with brickwork 2 General view of the complex 3 Ground floor plan 3 0 1 10m
  • 3. Progetti Leeum: Museo Samsung delle Arti Per la finitura esterna dell’edificio Botta si è affidato ad un materiale classico della tradizione costruttiva il cotto, ma lo ha ripensato e utilizzato secondo un disegno specifico per questo progetto e secondo una modalità costruttive a secco come quella della facciata ventilata. Elementi lisci di 50cm di altezza, alternati a fasce di elementi a cuspide rivestono il volume parallelepipedo e creano una variazione materica che arricchisce l’immagine dell’edificio. Anche il cono rovesciato è rivestito con elementi a cuspide di 50cm di altezza per 15 di larghezza, in questo caso però la superficie troncoconica è risolta attraverso un sistema modulare costituito da un unico pezzo a pianta trapezoidale, in grado di coprire l’intera superficie curva del volume espositivo. La scelta di rivestire le superfici esterne dei due blocchi con un unico materiale, ha contribuito ad esaltarne la forma e le relazioni volumetriche fra i corpi. Come in una fortezza della tradizione coreana, il museo si propone con una immagine ermetica e impenetrabile in cui lo spazio espositivo è completamente introverso e contemplativo e definito da una serie di spazi autonomi, al riparo da ogni relazione diretta con l’esterno. Mentre nel Guggenheim Museum di Frank Lloyd Wright, lo spazio espositivo è concepito come un unico ambiente che si sviluppa intorno al vuoto centrale secondo un percorso continuo a spirale, lo spazio interno del museo di Seoul è caratterizzato da una scala troncoconica, che distribuisce a spazi espositivi indipendenti disposti sui quattro piani nella corona circolare. La scala, illuminata in maniera zenitale da un generoso lucernario, attraverso la sua sezione che si rastrema verso il basso, accentua la percezione di profondità dello spazio e proietta il visitatore all’interno del basamento dal quale può raggiungere il museo di arte contemporanea di Jean Nouvel e lo spazio per le esposizioni temporanee di Rem Koolhaas che completano il progetto culturale voluto e realizzato dalla fondazione Samsung. 4 Sezione trasversale passante sul cono rovesciato che accoglie la distribuzione verticale 5 Vista dei due volumi che compongono il complesso: tronco di cono e parallelepipedo 6 Particolare dell’innesto cono-parallelepipedo 1 4 Pietro Savorelli 10m 4 Cross section through the cone which houses the vertical distribution 5 View on the two volumes that make up the entire complex: the frustum of a cone and the parallelepiped 6 Detail of the connexion between cone and parallelepiped 0 Projects Leeum: Samsung Mueum of Arts 78 5
  • 4. Progetti Leeum: Museo Samsung delle Arti 7 Sezione e prospetto del rivestimento in cotto: 1. sistema di ancoraggio di Sannini Impruneta; 2. Cottostone Sannini Impruneta utilizzato in vari formati; 3. struttura principal in cemento armato; 4. profilo inox verticale; 5. angolare in acciaio il deflusso dell’acqua. 8 Dettaglio dell’ancoraggio del rivestimento in mattoni: 1. elemento in cotto Sannini di sezione trapezoidale; 2. elemento in cotto Sannini a piastra 500x250x50mm; 3. profilo inox verticale; 4.profilo inox continuo di appoggio del cotto; 5. piatto inox satinato asportabile; 6. piastra inox mobile per lo smontaggio del cotto. 9 Vista interna all’edificio 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 6 Thyssenkrupp Dongyang (Korea) Brise-soleil Sun guard Sunrex (Korea) Samoo EMC (Korea) Elementi d’illuminazione Lighting elements Projects Leeum: Samsung Mueum of Arts Informazioni Information Ascensori Elevators Erco (Germany), Taekyung Lighting. co. ltd (Korea) Elementi in laterizio Tile elements Sannini Impruneta (Italy) Elementi in legno Wooden elements Bembe (Germany), Heehoon. co. ltd (Korea) Elementi in pietra naturale Natural stone elements Rocamat (France), Bum Ah Stone. co. ltd (Korea) Elementi in vetro Glass elements Saint-Gobain (France), Dong Shin Glass. co. ltd (Korea) Impianto di sicurezza Safety system S1 (Korea) Intonaco Plastering San Marco (Italy), Heehoon.co.ltd (Korea) Pavimenti in legno Wood flooring Bembe (Germany), Heehoon. co. ltd (Korea) Soffittature Ceilings Topakustik (Swiss), Spk Alliance(Korea) 7 Detail of the section and elevation of the covered wall: 1. Sannini Impruneta anchoring system; 2. Sannini Impruneta Cottostone brick in different dimensions; 3. concrete main structure; 4. stainless steel anchoring system; 5. steel water drain tool. 8 Detail of the section on the covering: 1. Cottostone Sannini Impruneta trapezoidal bricks; 2. 500x250x50mm plate cotto Sannini element; 3. vertical steel profile; 4. continuous steel plate supporting the cotto elements; 5. removable glazed steel plate; 6. mobile steel plate for bricks disassembly 9 Internal view of the building 1 2 3 4 5 Pietro Savorelli 80 Pietro Savorelli 0 1 7 9 5cm