1. The Erie Canal connected the Great Lakes to the Hudson River in 1825, making New York City a major transportation hub and drawing thousands seeking jobs in new factories and offices. By the Civil War, NYC had become the largest industrial city in the US. 2. "Penny papers" revolutionized journalism in the 1830s by selling inexpensive newspapers containing sensational stories about crime and scandal, appealing to readers' interests. The New York Herald became the most successful newspaper worldwide using this model. 3. Following the Civil War, New York City flourished economically but politics were deeply corrupt, exemplified by Boss Tweed who manipulated businesses for personal gain from his base at Tammany Hall.

1. American Urbanization & New York Karee Ann Klein

3. Connected the Great Lakes to the Hudson River

4. New York City was the largest city near the Hudson River, so it became a pass through for many people

5. Many new factories and offices sprung up, drawing in thousands of people looking for jobs

6. NYC Became first exclusively industrial area

8. Modern journalism began developing in the 1830’s

9. “Penny papers” began the revolution

10. Sold by boys for a penny

11. Included scandalous stories about crime, vice, sex

12. New York Herald was created by James Gordon Bennet in 1835

13. Became the most successful newspaper in world

14. Inexpensive

15. Politically independent

16. “Didn’t instruct reader what they wanted him to know, but told reader what he wanted to know”

18. Many Irish farmers and day laborers came to NYC

19. There were more than100,000 Irish immigrants by 1842

20. Brought Catholicism

21. They have been called the “Blacks of the 19thcentury”

22. Potato Famine

23. 1.5 mill came to US summer 1845-1855

24. “Great Migration”

25. Blacks and Irish immigrants fought for the lowest jobs

27. This era became known as the Age of Machines

28. Many new inventions were created

29. Oil

30. Telegraph

31. Cheap steal – railroads were being built to unify the country

32. NYC became the richest city in America

33. New York Stock Exchange

34. Wall Street

35. NYC based completely on making money

36. There were no rules for businesses

37. Businessmen such as Fisc, Gould, and Vanderbilt ruthlessly ran things the way the wanted to

39. There was no “down time,” because businesses were constantly fighting each other to make money

40. The Brooklyn Bridge was built in 1869

41. Created a way to travel even when the river was frozen over

42. New York City expanded into Brooklyn through the bridge

43. John A Roblin created wire rope

45. Men like Boss William M. Tweed were in charge

46. Boss Tweed is known as the most corrupt politician of the time

47. Completely manipulated New York City businesses in order to make money for himself

48. Tammany Hall

49. Ground zero for all the corruption

50. It became Tweed’s headquarters

52. New York will be the headquarters of AOL Time Warner, and will therefore take the lead in the race to be the “cultural and economic center” of the United States

53. New York City has always been a top innovative city in the US

54. Leaders have always been able to look forward at the future of the economy, as well as develop strategies to stay on top

55. Electricity, the telephone, motion pictures, wireless radio, television, steel, oil, and automobiles all kept NYC on top of the economy

56. Though many of these were created elsewhere in the country, New York found a way to capitalize on their rivals

58. Chicago, the fasted growing city in the US at the end of the 19th century, shaped how we construct cities

59. “Twentieth-century American urbanism got its start here”

60. Skyscraper was invented here

61. American commercial downtown took root

62. Formed by the commercial and industrial expansion after the Civil War

63. Chicago took advantage of all the technologies of the time

64. The Chicago fire wiped out the city, leaving land developers freedom to build however they wanted

66. Land was very expensive around the Loop, Chicago’s central business district

67. There were several new fire codes that prohibited inexpensive wood-frame construction

68. There were industrial neighborhoods close to the factories

69. Low-paid workers lived here to be close to work

70. There was also residential housing

71. Skilled craftsman and white-collar workers could afford to live in these areas

72. They took the trolley or train to get to work, which was relatively cheap

73. Fire codes did not apply

74. Land was cheap

75. Mostly consisted of detached houses with gardens

77. Fair that took place during the summer of 1893 beside Lake Michigan

78. Devised by Olmstead and his associate Codman

79. They worked with architects Burnham and Root

80. Root died and Burnham took over the project

81. Burnham asked several talented architects to help design the individual pavilions

82. The exposition became known as the White City because of the grand white public buildings

83. The Columbian Exposition was the prototype of what Burnham thought a city should be