The document discusses power and politics in organizations. It defines power as the capacity to influence others, which depends on others' perception of dependence. Power can be formal, based on one's position, or informal, based on personal attributes. Organizational politics involves intentional acts to further self-interest and can be influenced by individual factors like need for power and organizational factors like unclear systems. While politics can threaten employees and performance, it can also help with change and substituting for formal authority. Impression management techniques are used to control how others perceive oneself.

1. The Success of high performing companies and organizations results as much from what happens behind the scenes as from leaders’ more visible actions. Premise…

2. POWER AND POLITICS

3. What is power?

5. The potential to influence others.

7. Age.

8. Gender.

9. Personality.

11. Scarcity.

13. Bases of power in organization. 1.Formal (positional). 2.Informal (personal) .

15. Coercive power.

16. Legitimate power.

17. Process power.

18. Information power.

20. Rational persuasion.

22. POWER TACTICS Legitimacy Rational persuasion Inspirational appeals Consultation Exchange Personal appeals Ingratiation Pressure Coalitions

26. Self-monitoring.

27. High risk propensity.

28. Internal locus of control.

31. Averted punishmentsOrganizational factors

32. POLITICAL TACTICS Attacking or blaming others. Using information as a political tool. Creating a favorable image. Developing a base of support. Association with influential people. Creating obligations.

34. Increased anxiety and stress.

35. Increased turnover.

37. Defensive behavior. Avoiding action. overconforming, Buck passing, playing dumb, stretching, stalling. Avoiding blame. Buffing, Playing safe, Justifying, Scapegoating, Misrepresenting. Avoiding Change. prevention, self protection.

38. Ethical Guidelines for Political Behavior Unethical Ethical Question 1 Is the action motivated by self-serving interests which exclude the goals of the organization? Yes Question 3 Is the political activity fair and equitable? Yes No No Unethical Yes Question 2 Does the political action respect individual rights? No Unethical

39. IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT. The process by which people attempt to control or manipulate the reactions of others to images of themselves or their ideas. Itis a behavior that people direct toward others to create and maintain desired perceptions of themselves.

40. Impression Management Techniques. Conformity. Excuses. Apologies. Self-promotion. Flattery. Favors. Association.

41. Harvard BusinessReview “Power and Politics in Organisational Life” By – Abraham Zaleznik.

42. The Issue… Companies undergo critical conflicts in organizational politics. The competition for power is characteristic of all political structures. A political pyramid exists when people compete for power in any economy. Characteristics of all political structures is the incessant need to use whatever power one possesses.

43. Power relations Organizational life within a political frame is a series of contradictions. It deals with sources of authority and their distribution. The formal organizational structures implements a coalition among key executives.

44. Knudsen’s case… Knudsen –new comer was named the President of the company. His power structure was dependent on forming an alliance with Iacocca. Knudsen and Iacocca competed for power. Knudsen’s case coalition failed.

45. Problem-solving approach Organization structure is an instrument rather than an end. Organization structure can be changed but should not be tinkered with. Organization structure expresses the working coalition attached to the chief executive. Organization structure represents a blend of people and job definitions. Organization structure is a product of negotiation and compromise among executives who hold power bases.

46. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT Perception of organizational politics. By - Christopher P Parker Stacy L Jackson.

47. Factor analysis of data from an organizational climate survey suggest that organizational politics is an important dimension of peoples' perceptions of the work environment. Measures of perceived intergroup cooperation, clarity of roles and responsibilities, and fairness of rewards / recognition were most predictive of politics perceptions.

48. Gandz and Murray (1980) reported that 60% of their survey respondents agreed with the statement that "most casual conversation appears to be about things I would consider as workplace politics" .

49. REFERENCES ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 11th edition by Stephen P. Robbins ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR 4th edition by Steven L McShane, Mary Ann Von Glinow & Radha R Sharma. HBR – May-June 1970 , (Executive Power – Its use and misuse) Article – journal of management,sept-oct 1995(perception of organizational politics).

50. By – Karthiga. D Makhzoom Razi