3. Acute Respiratory
Infections (ARI)
• At risk because of overcrowding, suboptimal living
conditions, and malnutrition.
• High infection rate among children under 5
• Viral infections can cause chronic asthma
• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus ( Adv)
• Pneumonia
• People in camps more at risk because of the camp
system.
4. Malaria
• Caused by infected mosquitos who carry a
parasite called Plasmodium and bite the host.
• Two thirds of worlds refugees are living in
malaria endemic regions
• Women and children most at risk
• Significant cause of mortality and morbidity
among refugees
• Solution- prevent infection by use of mosquito
nets and mosquito repellent with deet.
5. Diarrheal diseases
• Cholera
• Dysentery
• Result from?
• Accounted for 40% of deaths in acute phase of
emergency in these camps.
• Source of infection: polluted water
sources, contamination of water during transport and
storage, scarcity of soap, shared cooking
pots, contaminated foods.
• 60% from Cholera and 40% caused by shigella
dysentery.
6. Measles
• Often endemics occur because of emergencies
• Overcrowding causes fast transmission
• Frequency of severe measles higher in
malnourished children
• Blindness occurs because of vitamin A deficiency
8. School of Thought
• Change in Global Understanding
• View and treatment
• Change in Global Health Regulation
• Adjust World Health Organization
• United Nations Policy
• What are the limitations of this policy?
• Why?
• How can they change?
9. Chronic Disease
• Lack of knowledge
• Heavy usage of tobacco
• Lack of treatment options (resources)
• Types
• PPD
• Hepatitis B
• Heart Disease
• New disease spreading with ‘globalization’ and
‘development’
10. Plan of Action
• Education
• For both recipients & doctors
• Severity
• Treatment
• Precautions
• Change in Global View
• Policy Changes
• Health Changes
12. Why Address Mental Health?
• National indicators & Personal accounts
• Attest to the significance of mental health
issues
• Psychosocial needs
• Basic emotional and relational needs
• Mental health’s relation to physical health
• Psychiatric distress affects physical well-
being
13. Underlying Causes & Effects
of Mental Health Issues
• Causes
• War trauma, Post-traumatic stress, Depression
• Struggle to process memories of
war, violence, family tragedies, etc.
• Psychiatric distress especially among youth
• Effects
• Intra- and inter-community conflicts
• Stagnation
• From the individual to community level
14. Gaps & Limitations in
Mental Healthcare Delivery
• Scant availability of services
• Scarcity of mental health workers available for aid
• Limited uptake of services
• Due to social stigmas associated with mental illness
• Predetermined coping strategies
• Silence, stoicism and suppression
• Keep many in stagnation
15. Approaches to
Addressing Mental
Illness
• Contextualizing mental issues
• Socially & Culturally
• Performing psychosocial needs assessments
• Ex. Cairo, Egypt
• Classroom-based group intervention programs
• Ex. Trauma Center based out of Boston, MA
17. Structural Issues
• Education
• Teaching good habits etc.
• Making people aware of health threats
• Sanitation and hygiene
• Keeping disease from spreading
• Access to clean water
• Malnutrition, malnourishment, dehydration
• Building habitants’ immunity so they can avoid and
combat disease
18. Immunization
• Proactivity to problems
• Getting people immunized before disease
impacts habitants of camp
• Reactivity to problem
• Immunizations in the face on oncoming
epidemic
• Issue: Patient health records
• Tracking who has been immunized and who
hasn’t been (and against what)
19. Distribution of Resources
• Equity issues
• Who should be given health aid?
• Who get immunized?
• How to make sure everyone who needs aid is
getting it (i.e. marginalized groups)
• Logistics
• Difference between emergency situations and long
term situations
• How to distribute aid amongst a group of transient
people?
The camp system of registration, food, water, and fire- wood distribution encourages crowding of large groups in small, confined spaces. In addition, malnutrition, high population density and poor shelter conditions may con- tribute to the elevated rates seen in this population.
Results from inadequate quality and quantity of water, substandard and insufficient sanitation facilities, overcrowding.\\, poor hygiene, and scarcity of soap.
