This document provides an overview of APA style, including how to avoid plagiarism through proper paraphrasing and citation of sources. It discusses the differences between in-text citations and parenthetical citations, and how to format direct quotations, block quotations, and citations of multiple sources. The document concludes with guidelines for formatting the references page, including proper spacing, alphabetization, and structure of periodical and book references.

1. APA STYLE
OVERVIEW

2. 
What is self-plagiarism?

What is plagiarism?
 How

can you avoid plagiarism?
What is the difference between paraphrasing and
using direct quotations?

3. 
In your paper, you will be using parenthetical
citations and in-text citations.

In-text citation:
Creswell (2012) highlights that in an emerging
design approach, data are analyzed immediately
after being collected rather than waiting until all
data are collected.

Parenthetical citation:
In an emerging design approach, data are
analyzed immediately after being collected rather
than waiting until all data are collected
(Creswell, 2012).

4. DIRECT QUOTATIONS

When you include direct quotations you should always
have the author, year, and specific page number or
paragraph number in the text.
Example 1:
While innovations in research have led to new definitions
of the stress concept, based on its earliest foundations
stress may be defined as “the nonspecific response of the
body to any demand made upon it” (Selye, 1976, p. 14).

Example 2:
Selye (1976) suggested that stress should be described as
“the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made
upon it” (p. 14), thereby contributing to the literature on
stress.


5. 
If the quotation is 40 or more words it should be
a block quotation.

Example:
Jones's (1998) study found the following: Students often
had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was
their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be
attributed to the fact that many students failed to
purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for
help. (p. 199)
Note: it should be double-spaced and should not have
double quotation marks.

7. ATTRIBUTING AN ASSERTION TO
MULTIPLE SOURCES
Parenthetical:
Mental illness in higher education is receiving
growing awareness in the research community due to
its increasing prevalence and negative effects on
students (Eisenberg, Gollust, Golberstein, & Hefner,
2007; Hysenbegasi, Hass, Rowland, 2005; Kadison,
2004; Zivin, Eisenberg, Gollust, & Golberstein, 2009).
In-text:
Cox (1978) and Lazarus (1966) on the other hand,
highlight the role of the individual in determining
whether a situation is considered stressful and how
the individual will respond to the stressor.

8. REFERENCES

Your references should start on a new page

Only citations that appear in your paper should
be included in your references

Also, make sure that everything cited in-text is
included on the reference page!

References are all double spaced, flush left with
subsequent lines indented 5 spaces

Reference list entries should be alphabetized by
the last name of the first author of each work

9. PERIODICAL
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title
of article. Title of periodical, vol(I), pp-pp.
doi:xx.xxxxxxxx
Eisenberg, D., Downs, M. F., Golberstein, E., & Zivin, K.
(2009). Stigma and help seeking for mental health
among college students. Medical Care Research and
Review, 66(5), 522-541. doi:10.1177/1077558709335173
If no doi is assigned use:
Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxx homepage URL to
journal, newsletter, magazine

10. Book
Marshall, H. (2009). Best book ever. New York, NY:
Publisher House.
Chapter in an edited book
Timmerman, B. (2009). Best chapter ever. In H.
Marshall (Ed.), Best book ever (pp. 14–27). New
York, NY: Publisher House.

11. SPACING
Double space or single space after the end of
sentence, but be consistent.
 Use just one space after each punctuation mark
in the reference list.
 Double space your entire manuscript.
 Double space the body of the paper including
block quotes.
 Double space the reference list.
