2. WHAT PART OF PLANTS DO WE EAT?
Onion STEM Do we eat the
Potato STEM Flower
Artichoke LEAVES Ovary
Tomato OVARY Pollen
Broccoli FLOWER
Seeds
Green Bean
Leaves
SEEDS Stem
Carrot ROOTS
Roots
Which of these are fruits?
3. DID YOU KNOW?
Plants out
number
animals.
Most plants are
flowers.
Plants have
special tissue
just like us.
4. SPECIALIZED TISSUES IN PLANTS
Seed plants have 3 principal organs:
1. Roots
2. Stems
3. Leaves
Recall
Cells make Tissues, Tissues make
Organs, Organs make Organ systems, and
Organ systems make Organisms.
5. DIRECTIONS – PARTICIPATION GRADE
Fill in the blanks on your notes as we go
along.
If you see a someone will be called on
for the answer.
If you see a raise your hand if you
know the answer.
When we are done with notes you can work
with a partner to complete the review on the
back.
6. ROOTS
Roots absorb water and nutrients for the
plant.
Roots anchor plants in the ground, holding
the soil in place-preventing erosion.
Roots protect plant from harmful bacteria and
fungi.
7. ROOTS
There are 2 main types of roots:
Taproot – central, primary and deep to reach
water below Earth’s surface.
Fibrous – many branched thin roots. Helps
prevent topsoil from being washed away.
8. ROOTS
Roots have tiny hair-like
projects called root
hairs.
Root hairs penetrate the
spaces between soil
particles and produce a
large surface area.
More surface area =
more water and nutrient
absorption.
9. ROOTS
A root cap is at the end
of a root.
A root cap protects the
root as it forces its way
through the soil.
As the root grows it
secretes a slippery
substance to lubricate
the soil.
10. CHECKPOINT – RANDOM CALL
Fibrous roots help prevent soil erosion by?
A. – not branching
B. – growing deep within the soil
C. – extensive branching to which soil
particles can cling
11. STEMS
Stems are a transport system that carries
nutrients from roots to leaves.
Stems are a defense system to protect from
predators and disease.
Stems can be millimeters or as tall as 100
meters.
12. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
These 3 process help water move through
a plant:
1. Root pressure – roots actively transport
molecules
2. Capillary action – water sticks to the sides
of the plant and helps it move from bottom
to top
3. Transpiration – evaporation of water from
leaves pulls the water through the plant
13. CHECKPOINT
What do a barrel cactus, a tree trunk, a
dandelion stem, and a potato have in
common?
They are all stems!
14. STEMS
Nodes are where
leaves are attached to
stems.
Internodes are the
spaces between the
nodes.
Buds can become new
stems or leaves.
15. STEMS
Primary growth in stems
is when the plant grows
up.
Secondary growth in
stems is when the plant
grows out.
Secondary growth
results in wood.
16. STEMS
PRIMARY GROWTH SECONDARY GROWTH
You can count leaf You can determine
scars to determine the age of a tree by
years of primary counting its growth
growth. rings.
18. LEAVES
Leaves are photosynthetic systems.
Broad, flat surfaces increase the amount of
sunlight absorbed.
Adjustable pores called stomata in the
leaves help conserve water while letting
oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and exit the
leaf.
19. LEAVES
To collect sunlight, most leaves
have thin, flattened sections
called blades.
The blade is attached to the
stem by a thin stalk called a
petiole.
The blade of a simple leaf (left)
can be different shapes. In a
compound leaf (right), the
blade is divided into many
separate leaflets.
20. LEAVES
Recall these leaf
parts:
Cuticle – waxy coating
Guard cell – gas
exchange regulated
with water pressure
Stoma – pores on
bottom of leaf
Mesophyll –
photosynthesis
21. CHECKPOINT – RANDOM CALL
The opening and closing of stomata is
regulated by changes in
A. – water pressure in guard cells
B. – air temperature
C. – the sun’s brightness
22. PLANT TISSUE SYSTEMS
Plants have 3 main tissue systems
1. Dermal tissue – “skin” of the plant outmost
layer of cells
2. Vascular tissue – “bloodstream” transports
water and nutrients in the plant
3. Ground tissue – every other tissue besides
dermal and vascular.
23. CHECKPOINT – RANDOM CALL
Which tissue is found in the center of a plant
stem?
A. – Dermal
B. – Vascular
C. - Ground
24. 1. DERMAL TISSUE
Outer covering of plant is dermal tissue
One layer of epidermal cells.
Thick and waxy layer to protect from water
loss known as the cuticle.
25. 1. DERMAL TISSUE
Trichomes are tiny hair-like projections that
give the plant a fuzzy appearance.
In roots, root hairs, a type of dermal tissue
increases surface area to increase
absorption.
On the underside of leaves, the dermal
tissue contains guard cells, which regulate
water loss and gas exchange.
26. 2. VASCULAR TISSUE
Vascular tissue
moves water and
nutrients throughout
the plant.
Xylem – water
conducting tissue
Phloem – food
conduction tissue
27. 2. VASCULAR TISSUE - XYLEM
Xylem zips up water
Xylem moves water up
through specialized cells
called:
1. Tracheids – long narrow
tube-like cells
2. Vessel elements – larger
than tracheids and long
like tubes.
28. 2. VASCULAR TISSUE - PHLOEM
Phloem – flows down
food
Phloem – cells that move
the products of
Phloem flows food
photosynthesis down.
2 types of cells:
down….what does
1. Sieve tube elements –
pipe to transport food
xylem do?
2. Companion cells –
surround sieve tubes to
help in transport
29. CHECKPOINT
Which of the following is NOT one of the
main tissues systems?
A. – Ground
B. – Epidermal
C. - Vascular
30. 3. GROUND TISSUE
Cells between dermal and vascular tissue
are called ground tissue.
There are 3 types pictured below.
31. 3. GROUND TISSUE - PARENCHYMA
Parenchyma (puh-RENG-kih-muh) have thin
cell walls and large central vacuoles.
Leaves have parenchyma cells packed with
chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
Parenchymas have large central vacuoles
meaning they are good for storage.
32. 3. GROUND TISSUE - COLLENCHYMA
Collenchyma (kuh-LENG-kih-muh) cell walls
are thick.
Collenchyma cells help support larger
plants.
Collenchyma cells make up the familiar
“strings” of a stalk of celery.
33. 3. GROUND TISSUE - SCLERENCHYMA
Sclerenchyma (sklih-RENG-kih-muh) cell
walls are extremely thick.
Sclerenchyma cells make ground tissue
strong and tough.
Sclerenchyma cells are best for supporting
the plant.
34. CHECKPOINT
Which of the 3 kinds of ground tissue serve
mainly for storage?
A. – Parenchyma
B. – Collenchyma
C. - Sclerenchyma
35. PLANT GROWTH
How do plants grow?
Plants grow because cells at the tips of their
roots and stems divide through the process
of mitosis.
Clusters of tissue where cells that divide are
produced in meristems.
Meristematic tissue is undifferentiated –
meaning cells do not yet have a specific
function.
36. PLANT GROWTH - MERISTEMS
At the end of a stem or root there is an apical
meristem.
Apical meristems divide cells to increase
stem and root length.
Meristematic tissue is the only plant tissue
that produces new cells by mitosis.
37. PLANT GROWTH
How do plants grow?
A. They eat and then their cells get bigger.
B. The cells divide into new cells by mitosis.
More cells = bigger plants.
C. Plants add chemicals to make them
bigger
BONUS: Where does the plant
get most of its atoms to make
new cells? SOIL AIR
WATER LIGHT
38. PLANT GROWTH - MERISTEMS
New cells have thin cell walls over time they
develop and mature
When a cell is matured it has specific cell
parts (organelles) that do specific cell jobs
The process of developing into a cell with a
specific function is called differentiation.
Example: leaf cells have many
chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
39. PLANT GROWTH - MERISTEMS
How differentiation works:
A new cell is made in the stem apical
meristem.
Certain genes in the DNA are turned on.
The genes code for the cell to have a bright
pink color.
FLOWER
The example cell has differentiated into a
___________ cell.
40. REVIEW
Take3 minutes and answer these
questions at the end of your notes:
22. What are roots adapted for?
23. What are stems adapted for?
24. What are leaves adapted for?
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Plant Part Game!
