the first half of a composting workshop given at Glenbrook (NSW) Native Plant Reserve's Spring Fair 2009. To complete, go outside and make hot compost. This methodology for composting works where ever you are on the planet.
4. Australians generate more waste per
person than anyone, except Americans
32 million tonnes of waste each year*
42 % construction and demolition waste
29 % commercial and industrial waste
29 % is municipal or household waste.
*Waste and Recycling in Australia, Hyder, 2006
9. how do we reduce landfill waste?
throwing away less food
buying food and other goods with less
packaging
take our own bags to the shops
recycle food and garden waste
10. how do we reduce landfill waste?
throwing away less food
buying food and other goods with less
packaging
take our own bags to the shops
recycle food and garden waste
11. how do we reduce landfill waste?
throwing away less food
buying food and other goods with less
packaging
take our own bags to the shops
recycle food and garden waste
12. how do we reduce landfill waste?
throwing away less food
buying food and other goods with less
packaging
take our own bags to the shops
recycle food and garden waste
13. how do we reduce landfill waste?
throwing away less food
buying food and other goods with less
packaging
take our own bags to the shops
recycle food and garden waste
19. Why hot composting?
• recycle more of your waste
• its fast! Can take just 18 days
• break some traditional rules
• kills weed seeds, invasive weeds
• kills pathogens
• do it any time of year
20. How to Hot Compost
• create conditions for microbial activity
to break material down quickly
• get the right mix of ingredients
• size at least 1 metre square
• small pieces = large surface area
• add water - keep it moist
21. Cons of hot composting?
• need lots of material - at least 1 square
metre 2 m2 and space around to wield
pitchfork
• turn pile every other day for 2 weeks
22. What do I need?
• at least 2m2 + space to work
• pitchfork, rake
• water supply
• old clothes
36. “If it has lived,
it can live again”
Geoff Lawton, Permaculture Research Institute
37. How can I use compost?
veggie gardens
flowers
native plants
38. Benefits of Compost
• reduce waste
• save money
• save water
• nutrition for soil organisms
• healthier plants
39. Benefits of Compost
• reduce waste
• save money
• save water
• nutrition for soil organisms
• healthier plants
40. Benefits of Compost
• reduce waste
• save money
• save water
• nutrition for soil organisms
• healthier plants
41. Benefits of Compost
• reduce waste
• save money
• save water
• nutrition for soil organisms
• healthier plants
42. Benefits of Compost
• reduce waste
• save money
• save water
• nutrition for soil organisms
• healthier plants
43. Benefits of Compost
• reduce waste
• save money
• save water
• nutrition for soil organisms
• healthier plants
44. Build the pile
• 1/3 manure + 2/3 greens & browns
• overall carbon:nitrogen 25/30:1
• pile up ingredients, shred if possible
• make a lasagne!
• keep adding water
• cover if heavy rain expected
45. Build the pile
• 1/3 manure + 2/3 greens & browns
• overall carbon:nitrogen 25/30:1
• pile up ingredients, shred if possible
• make a lasagne!
• keep adding water
• cover if heavy rain expected
46. Build the pile
• 1/3 manure + 2/3 greens & browns
• overall carbon:nitrogen 25/30:1
• pile up ingredients, shred if possible
• make a lasagne!
• keep adding water
• cover if heavy rain expected
47. Build the pile
• 1/3 manure + 2/3 greens & browns
• overall carbon:nitrogen 25/30:1
• pile up ingredients, shred if possible
• make a lasagne!
• keep adding water
• cover if heavy rain expected
48. Build the pile
• 1/3 manure + 2/3 greens & browns
• overall carbon:nitrogen 25/30:1
• pile up ingredients, shred if possible
• make a lasagne!
• keep adding water
• cover if heavy rain expected
49. Build the pile
• 1/3 manure + 2/3 greens & browns
• overall carbon:nitrogen 25/30:1
• pile up ingredients, shred if possible
• make a lasagne!
• keep adding water
• cover if heavy rain expected
50. the pile should reach
55-63 degrees celcius
within a couple of days
too hot for pests
51. the pile should reach
55-63 degrees celcius
within a couple of days
too hot for pests
52. after that, turn the pile
every couple of days
turn inside out
add water
observe
picture http://www.flickr.com/photos/dnorman/3590939898/
Alot of rubbish goes in landfill. Each Australian household generates about 400 kilograms of waste per year, placing us amongst the top 10 generators of household waste in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.
http://www.spinneypress.com.au/208%20Waste%20and%20Recycling.html
Australians generate more than 32 million tonnes of waste each year¹. Of this, 42 per cent is construction and demolition waste, 29 per cent is commercial and industrial waste and 29 per cent is municipal or household waste.
http://www.afgc.org.au/index.cfm?id=565
http://books.google.com.au/books?id=B-oyXrUVWFkC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=kilograms+of+waste+per+year+in+australia&source=bl&ots=RbKR43vkXE&sig=40XWEo1_7jXmnLpKsiJCLM70iO0&hl=en&ei=lUKqSvSrCtWMkAWtvZiVBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4#v=onepage&q=&f=false
Alot of rubbish goes in landfill. Each Australian household generates about 400 kilograms of waste per year, placing us amongst the top 10 generators of household waste in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.
http://www.spinneypress.com.au/208%20Waste%20and%20Recycling.html
Australians generate more than 32 million tonnes of waste each year¹. Of this, 42 per cent is construction and demolition waste, 29 per cent is commercial and industrial waste and 29 per cent is municipal or household waste.
http://www.afgc.org.au/index.cfm?id=565
http://books.google.com.au/books?id=B-oyXrUVWFkC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=kilograms+of+waste+per+year+in+australia&source=bl&ots=RbKR43vkXE&sig=40XWEo1_7jXmnLpKsiJCLM70iO0&hl=en&ei=lUKqSvSrCtWMkAWtvZiVBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4#v=onepage&q=&f=false
last year we recycled 8% more than the year before (reported in the local paper)
images c/o bmcc website - an extension is planned for Blaxland.
images c/o bmcc website - an extension is planned for Blaxland.
images c/o bmcc website - an extension is planned for Blaxland.
images c/o bmcc website - an extension is planned for Blaxland.
images c/o bmcc website - an extension is planned for Blaxland.
images c/o bmcc website - an extension is planned for Blaxland.
we can speed up the natural process and use it to our advantage
‘Prehistoric farming people discovered that if they mixed manure from their domesticated animals with straw and other organic waste, such as crop residues, the mixture would gradually change into a fertile soil-like material that was good for crops. Composting remained a basic activity of farming until the twentieth century, when various synthetic fertilizers were found to provide many of the nutrients occurring naturally in compost.’
Read more: http://science.jrank.org/pages/1671/Composting-History.html#ixzz0RHZ8wqYr
‘Prehistoric farming people discovered that if they mixed manure from their domesticated animals with straw and other organic waste, such as crop residues, the mixture would gradually change into a fertile soil-like material that was good for crops. Composting remained a basic activity of farming until the twentieth century, when various synthetic fertilizers were found to provide many of the nutrients occurring naturally in compost.’
Read more: http://science.jrank.org/pages/1671/Composting-History.html#ixzz0RHZ8wqYr
In truth what ever organic material you throw away its food for something else, with or without our permission. kitchen scraps to green yard waste.
worms http://www.flickr.com/photos/25652913@N03/2852789914/sizes/m/
seagull http://www.flickr.com/photos/roger_g1/518012703/
possum http://www.flickr.com/photos/wollombi/86671986/
lyre http://www.flickr.com/photos/chop/2217671242/
dog (my neighbours’)
We can’t eat the stuff we recycle. Where does food you don’t eat go?
We can take advantage of what we know about how the soil food web works to break down our waste products into soil, to grow more other stuff. Diagram reproduced with permission of SoilFoodWeb
recycles your waste and your neighbours’
fast - 18 days
kills weed seeds
make compost pile directly on top of earth, or some space in your garden where you want to kill existing plants, grass, weeds etc. worms and other creatures can travel through the soil in the yard.
will be a good place to grow stuff later
how activator works
function of carbon
function of nitrogen
http://www.flickr.com/photos/alishav/3571371833/
the paper, not the cat
picture reproduced with permission http://www.gardenorganic.org.uk/composting/compost_pf.php
add picture of horses, cows, other animals whose poo we can use.
Give compost a varied diet, you’re feeding microbes and funghi
pictures of different ingredients, mix it up! Macro and micro nutrients
Ask students for their ideas of which other materials to compost, mulch, coffee grounds, straw, lucerne, grass clippings, other animal manure.
Don’t worry about oranges, onions or the odd bit of dairy. People have used roadkill as an activator
What can’t I compost? Check with the council on what waste you are not allowed to process. eg. dog and cat poo. Vermicomposting can deal with dog poo, if the worms are not given an option to eat anything else!
lavender and veggies - http://deepgreenpermaculture.wordpress.com/my-garden/
native plants picture - katska
Can use for potting soil, plants flowers trees, as a mulch, soil amendment, top dressing or compost tea!
Composted materials are ready to use when it looks like rich, brown soil. Try to harvest your compost in the late summer or fall to make room for new leaves.
doesn’t force feed the plants like a fertilizer can, so safe for plants sensitive to certain nutrients like phosphorus
doesn’t force feed the plants like a fertilizer can. you can’t over-compost something.
doesn’t force feed the plants like a fertilizer can. you can’t over-compost something.
doesn’t force feed the plants like a fertilizer can. you can’t over-compost something.
doesn’t force feed the plants like a fertilizer can. you can’t over-compost something.
doesn’t force feed the plants like a fertilizer can. you can’t over-compost something.
doesn’t force feed the plants like a fertilizer can. you can’t over-compost something.
too hot for pests, weed seeds, pathogens to survive.
too hot for pests, weed seeds, pathogens to survive.
maintain high temperature for a couple of weeks.
http://www.farmanddairy.com/news/keep-compost-weed-free-time-temperature-and-turning-critical-factors/11747.html
‘Among the weed seeds that need high temperatures to decompose are common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris), bird’s-eye speedwell (Veronica persica), round-leaved mallow (Malva pusilla), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), spiny sowthistle (Sonchus asper), ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and broadleaf dock (Rumex obtusifolius).’
example problems here. Invite students to share experiences they may have had with composting or worm farming
Answers in this case.... but there are many more! Restate the basics carbon/nitrogen/air/water
http://www.bokashi.com.au/How-Bokashi-works.htm - bokashi
http://www.flickr.com/photos/siftnz/3353502796/ - can o worms
http://www.flickr.com/photos/siftnz/3353502734/in/photostream/ - indoor worms
http://www.flickr.com/photos/arndog/2813529384/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/siftnz/3353502734/in/photostream/ composting not here!
http://www.turnandscreen.com/Composting.html#Frontier
http://www.o2compost.com/images/Application_photos/Horses/Small_Bays/Trueblood.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Compostingtoilet.jpg
we can speed up the natural process and use it to our advantage
http://www.milkwood.net/content/view/47/30/
http://permaculture.org.au/2008/07/26/18-day-compost-the-appliance-of-science/
http://www.cleanup.org.au/au/LivingGreener/composting.html
http://www.compostweek.com.au/