1. " "
3
Analog Computer)
Measuring Principle)
Continuous Data)
Analog Signal
Analog Computer
Digital Computer)
Discrete Data)
Digital Signal Counter)
Digital
Computer
Analog Signal)
Digital Signal)
Analog Signal
Converter)

2. Digital Signal
Analog Signal
Hybrid Computer)
Analog Computer Digital Computer
Analog
Computer Digital Computer
Converter)
Special Purpose Computer)
Inflexible)
General Purpose Computer)
Flexible)

3. Super Computer)
NASA)
Mainframe Computer)
Family)
Network)
Terminal)
Multi Tasking)
Multi User)
ATM
Mini Computer)
Harddisk)

4. Micro Computer)
Personal Computer : PC)
Desktop Computer)
2. Portable Computer)
Laptop Computer
Notebook Computer
Input Unit)
Central Processing Unit ; CPU)
Output Unit)
Secondary Storage Unit)

5. 4 Input Unit)
Central Processing Unit : CPU) Output Unit)
Secondary Storage)
1. Case
1.1 Power Supply
1.2 Mainboard Mainboard
1.2.1 CPU
1.2.2 RAM
1.2.3 Expansion Slots
1.2.4 Ports
1.3 Hard Disk
1.4 Floppy Disk Drive
1.5 CD-ROM Drive
1.6 DVD-ROM Drive
1.7 Sound Card
1.8 Network Card
2. Case
2.1 Keyboard
2.2 Monitor
2.3 Mouse
2.4 Printer
2.5 Scanner
2.6 Digital Camera
2.7 Modem
2.8 UPS
Case)
Case 2 Desktop ) Tower)
Case

6. Case
Case Case
Case
Mainboard
Chips)
Wafer)
Fibreglass) Mainboard
Motherboard System Board
1 0)
Mainboard CPU RAM
CPU Cache (
CPU RAM
Chipset 2
Mainboard
Mainboard Mainboard
Chipset Mainboard Chipset

7. CPU CPU Intel
AMD)
Mainboard
1. Socket CPU
2. Socket(s) RAM Modules 3 Sockets
3. AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port) Slot VGA Card
4. Expansion Slots PCI 5 Slots
5. Ports
Central Processing Unit : CPU)
Processor) chip)
3
1. Arithmetic & Logical Unit : ALU)
2
2. Control Unit)

8. 3. Main Memory)
RAM)
RAM Random Access Memory)

9. Input) Output)
4
1. Input Storage Area
2. Working Storage Area
3. Output Storage Area
4. Program Storage Area
RAM
Memorychip HM411000-70
RAM Accesstime
Data
bus Access time RAM
Access time Chip
Access time(ns) Memory chip
250 25
200 20
150 15
120 12
100 10
85 85
80 8,80
70 7,70
65 65
60 6,60
53 53

10. RAM Cycle time ns Cycle
time Read/Write cycle time (
RAM) Access time Refresh time
RAM CPU 2 clock cycle
2 RAM RAM WAIT CPU
CPU clock cycle WAIT STATE
WAIT STATE
1. INTERLEAVE
Refresh time RAM
Memory 1 address 1 cycle time
CPU Memory block
Address Interleave
Cycle time Cycle time
Bank Memory Bank Memory
address Bank CPU 2
Bank Memory Bank 2 Bank
4 Bank Memory Memory Bank
Memory 2 Bank Bank
2. Page Mode
RAM Paged RAM Memory
Page Page Memory Address
Page Wait State
Page Wait State
3. Cache Memory Memory
CPU Internal Cache
External Cache RAM
Wait State CPU
Cache SRAM WaitState
Cache controller Cache
main memory 2-4 KB Cache
CPU Memory Cache
Main memory Cache
CPU Cache controller
Random Random CPU
Cache

11. Random 80% Wait State
80%
Check Parity
Parity 1 8
9
1
8 Parity 2 Odd Parity (Parity
Even Parity (Parity
Odd Parity 1 8
IC 74LS280 Parity
74LS280 1 8
Parity bit 1 1 9 Parity bit
1 8 Parity bit
0 1 9 Even
Parity Parity 1 9
Parity bit RAM
RAM 11001010 Odd
Parity Parity bit 1
10001010 Odd Parity 1 IC
74LS280 CPU Halt
PARITY ERROR
SYSTEM HALT
Parity bit
2 10001001 10101011
Parity
RAM RAM
1. DIP (Dual In-line Package) DIP
RAM IC (Integrate Circuit ) Memory chip
RAM DIP
DIP
DIP Pin

12. 2. SIPP (Single In-line Pin Package)
RAM DIP PCB (Printed Circuit Board)
SIPP PCB Pin IC Pin SIPP
PCB SIPP
Pin SIPP
DIP
3. SIMM (Single In-line Memory Module)
SIPP Pin Edge
Connector PCB
SIMM
SIMM
SIMM Edge connector SIMM
Pin
SIMM
SIMM 8 , 16 , 32 Edge
connector
4. DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module) RAM
JEDEC (Joint Electron Device
Engineering Council) SIMM 168 Pin
( 84 pin )
Module RAM
RAM chip ic
Printed Circuit Board Module 2 Module SIMM
DIMM
SIMM Single In-line Memory Module
Module datapath 32 bit circuit
board
SIMM RAM
prosonal computer:PC)
8088 80286 DRAM
DIP (dual in-line package)

13. DRAM
BIOS)
DRAM
DRAM
SIP
RAM : Single In-line Package RAM) 30
SIMM RAM : Single In-line
Memory Module RAM) 30
DIMM Dual In-line Memory Module
Module datapath 64
circuite board CPU
Pentium datapath 32 bit
SIMM RAM slot RAM
Memory Module 3 30-pin, 72-pin, 168-pin
168-pin
RAM
Parity bit
1 system halt
Non-Parity bit Error Cheching and Correcting
(ECC)
bit
system halt
halt ECC overhead
Parity Performance

14. RAM
Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)
DRAM Capaciter)
refresh refresh
refresh
Dynamic RAM
Staic Random Access Memory (SRAM)
DRAM DRAM refresh
SRAM refresh
refresh refresh
DRAM
Fast Page Mode DRAM (FPM DRAM)
FPM DRAM
DRAM
6-3-3-3 (Latency
3 clock 3 clock page) 32
bit 100 MB 64 bit
200 MB RAM
RAM
Extended-Data Output (EDO) DRAM
Hyper-Page Mode DRAM
RAM
CAS
latency
40% FPM 15% EDO
66 MHz timming 5-2-2-2
83 MHz Timming chip EDO
50ns) 100 MHz
Tomming 6-3-3-3 DRAM
264 MB EDO RAM

15. Burst EDO (BEDO) DRAM
BEDO EDO Burst Mode
address adress
generate 3 address 1
adress Timming 5-
1-1-1 66 MHz BEDO
Intel
SDRAM EDO BEDO
chipset SDRAM
Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) SDRAM
DRAM
DRAM RAS CAS
chip RAM 50, -60, -80 -50
50 SDRAM
SDRAM
CAS CAS 2
2
SDRAM Timming 5-1-1-1
BEDO RAM 100 MHz
528 MB
DDR SDRAM ( SDRAM II)
DDR RAM SDRAM
DDR SDRAM
1G
Rambus DRAM (RDRAM)
RAMBUS RAMBUS Inc.
80
---
RAMBUS pin
static buffer interface DRAM
RAMBUS Performance 3
SDRAM 100 MHz
1.6 G

16. RAM
RDRAM
Interface PCB (Printed Circuit Board)
Controller Interface 2
3.2 G
4 6.4 G
Synchronous Graphic RAM (SGRAM)
SGRAM SDRAM
Graphics
Hardware
SDRAM Graphic Card
SDRAM SGRAM Matrox G200
Page Register SG
Clear
Screen bit word
bitmask bit SGRAM
SDRAM Graphics
Clear Screen
Graphics Card System
Video RAM (VRAM)
VRAM Video
Dispaly Card VRAM
DRAM
VRAM serial port 1 2 port
RAM Dual-Port)
Triple-Port) Parallel Port Standard Interface
Host Processor refresh
Seral Port
Display
Windowns RAM (WRAM)
WRAM Matrox
RAM Graphics Card card
Millenium Millenium II Millenium G200
SGRAM ) Number 9 WRAM
Number 9 Revolutuon IV WRAM 8M Crad WRAM
VRAM Bandwith

17. Double-Buffer VRAM
Access Time
DRAM ns)
60 70
DRAM SIMM 8 Single-in-line
Memory Modules) 30 DRAM
Dynamic Random Access Memory
DRAM
Page Fast Page DRAM
Fast Page
DRAM Page Fast Page DRAM
SIMM 32 72 Pentium
64 SIMM
EDO Ram Buffer
EDO RAM EDO RAM Fast Page
DRAM 10 % Access Time
EDO
SIMM 32 72 DIMM 64 144
EDO Extended Data Out
EDO 25 %
Access Time
Wait State
SDRAM SDRAM Access Time
Ram
66, 100 133 MHz SDRAM
DIMM 64 168 MHz
SDRAM
Sychronous DRAM sync"
SDRAM II DDR (Double Data Rate) SDRAM 184
(DDR) 2 FSB
RAM 2
SDRAM 133 MHz

18. 2 Pipline 266 MHz
RDRAM RAMBUS 184
Pentium4
PentiumIII Chipset i820 Intel
4 FSB
RAM 4 RAM
BUS = 100 MHz 4 pipline
RDRAM 400 MHz
Rambus, Inc. Rambus
DRAM RDRAM
SDRAM
RDRAM
RDRAM
Synclink DRAM SDRAM
bank 16 banks
4 banks
Hard disk
5.25 360
track) 40
1000
5

19. clean room
Winchester Disk)
platters)
Spindle
3600

20. Spindle
2
Landing Zone

21. Aluminum Alloy Platter
Platter
2-3
0 1
Track
2 2
2 4
4
Track Sector
Track

22. 4
15 15
2 4 16
3,600
3
70-100
70-100G)
2,000 TPI) Cylinder
Track
Sector
512

23. Multiple Zone
Recording
Multiple Zone Recording
3.5
60 120
Multiple Zone Recording
“C”
1973
17 microinch (
3 microinch
747
1
Seek Time

24. 3,000
3.5
2,999 Seek time
ms) Seek time
2 ms
20 ms Average seek time
Random) Average seek time
8 14 ms seek
Seek time
Seek time
Seek time 14 ms “ 14
ms” Seek time 14
ms Seek time
Seek time
sequential)
seek time
Head Switch Time
ms
Cylinder Switch Time
track
switch)

25. ms
Rotational Latency
Rotational Latency
ms RPM (
Hard Disk)
2
EIDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive
Electronics) SCSI (Small Computer System
Interface)
EIDE SCSI
Server

26. EIDE Enhance IDE
IDE
40
AT Attachment ATA
ATA-2, ATAPI, EIDE, Fast
ATA ATA-33 ATA-66 ATA-66
80 1 2
2
4
1
EIDE
PIO (Programmed Input
Output)
PIO
PIO mode MB./sec)
0 3.3 ATA
1 5.2 ATA
2 8.3 ATA
3 11.1 ATA-2
4 16.6 ATA-2
DMA (Direct Memory Access)
PIO mode 4
PIO
DMA mode MB./sec)
Single Word 0 2.1 ATA

27. 1 4.2 ATA
2 8.3 ATA
0 4.2 ATA
Multi Word 1 13.3 ATA-2
2 16.6 ATA-2
BIOS
Windows NT, Windows
98 UNIX
EIDE
Ultra DMA/2 ATA-33
( ATA-4) 2 33 MHz Ultra
DMA/4 ATA-66 ( ATA-5)
DMA mode MB./sec)
Ultra DMA/2
33.3 ATA-33 (ATA-4)
(UDMA2 UDMA/33)
Ultra DMA/4
66.6 ATA-66 (ATA-5)
(UDMA4 UDMA/66)
ATA-100
SCSI
SCSI
Intelligent
SCSI
7 SCSI 14
SCSI-2)

28. SCSI
SCSI
Ultra Ultra Ultra 3
SCSI Fast Wide Fast Wide Ultra
Wide 2 (Ultra160)
8 8 19 16 32 16 32 16 32
5 10 5 10 10 20 20 40 40
MHz)
5 10 10 20 40 40 80 80 160
MB/s)
SCSI- SCSI- SCSI- SCSI- SCSI- SCSI- SCSI- SCSI-
SCSI-3
1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3
5,400 rpm)
7,200
SCSI 10,000

29. ATA-33 ATA-66
SCSI
EIDE
7 EIDE
Server LAN
IDE
2
Master Slave
UltraDMA/66 PIO mode 4
Buffer)
128KB
256-512KB
2MB

30. 15G 7,200 rpm 20G 5,400 rpm
15G 7,200 rpm
0.5 x Cylender x x Sector
1 byte) = 8 bit)
1 Kilobyte) = 1,024
1 Megabyte) = 1,048,576
1 Gigabyte) = 1,073,741,824
1 Terabyte) = 1,099,511
1 Petobyte) = 1,125,899,906
CD-ROM Drive
CD-ROM Drive CD Case
CD-ROM Drive
CD-ROM Drive
CD-ROM CD-ROM 2
CD-ROM
CD-ROM Drive Start Programme Desktop

31. CD-ROM
CD-ROM
Floppy Disk(S)
Audio-CD CD
File WAV
CD
Sound Card
Video-CD Concert
Karaoke Video-CD
Sound
Card Video-CD Windows
Media Player Windows File
Video_CD
MP3 MP3
MP3 File WAV File 12 14
File
150
CD
Winamp Video-CD
File
MP3
CD-ROM Drive CD-
ROM Drive Double-Speed 2x
CD-ROM Drive
60x CD-ROM
Drive 2
240
CD-ROM Drive CD-ROM
Audio-CD Video-CD 2x
CD-Writer

32. CD-Writer
CD-ROM Drive CD-Writer
CD-ROM Drive
CD CD
CD-R
( CD-RW
(
1,000 CD-Writer
CD-ROM Drive 1
3 20/10/40 CD-Writer CD-R
20x CD-RW 10x 40x
Floppy Disk
Floppy Disk Drive Case Disks
8 , 5.25 3.5 Disk Mylar Disk Drive Unit Spindle
Clamps 300 360 Disk
Circular Tracks Floppy Disk Drive Hard Disk Drive
Floppy Disk Drive Floppy Disk 1.44 Mb 720 Kb
Floppy Disk Drive Floppy Disk 120 Mb
Portable Mass Storage)
Formats Format
VGA Card Display Adapter

33. VGA Card digital Chip
CPU VGA card Chip
GPU (Grarphic Processing Unit) Card
VGA - Video Graphics Array
720 x 400
2 16 640 x 480 256 320 x 220
8 16
24
SVGA - Super Video Graphics Array
1024 x 768 1280 x 1024
XGA - Extended Graphics Array
256 1024 x 768
Resolution Pixel)
640x480 640 480
640x480
800x600, 1024x768 1280x1024
16 , 256 , 65,535 16 True color
72

34. Sound Card
Digital
Digital Analog
Analog Digital
Mainboard Mainboard
Mainboard Expansion
Card Sound Card Sound Board
2
A/D Converter
A/D Converter
- A/D Converter 8 bit 256
- A/D Converter 16 bit 65,536
Modems)

35. Modems digital signals)
analog signals)
Modems) modulate/demodulate)
1.
rate)
bps)
kbps)
56,000 bps
56 K
2.
compression)
3.

36. Fax capabilities)
printer)
4.
error control)
5.
2
external modems) internal modems)
6.
Network
Computer Network
Network
Internet
Network Card ( Ethernet Card) ( Expansion
slot Network Card Socket
Network Socket
Network Socket
Internet
Network
LAN Card Card PC VGA Card Sound Card
Lan Card 10 Mbps, 10/100 Mbps, 100 Mpbs
Lan Cable UTB, STB
HUB Hub Port
8 ports, 12 ports, 24 ports

37. Monitor
Monitor
Monitor, CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
Text) Graphic)
80 25
Pixel) 640 pixel x 480 pixel
Video Card, Video Adapter)
1. Monochrome Monitor)
0 1
2. Color Monitor)
4 , ,
16 16
3. LCD; Liquid Crystal Display)
1. Active matrix
TFT – Thin Film Transistor
2. Passive matrix color
DSTN – Double
Super Twisted Nematic
-----
1 line
15 - 17 20 - 30 5
Standby 80 - 100
Keyboard

38. 50
shift)
7
8 7 8
2524
83
2527
84
PS/2
17 101
Mouse
Mouse Keyboard
Socket
Case Mouse 3

39. 1. Serial Mouse Serial Port 1 2
Serial Port 1
2. PS/2 Mouse PS/2 Mouse Port
3. USB Mouse USB Port
Mouse Tracking Ball
Mouse
Mouse
Mouse Adapter
PS/2 Serial)
Mouse 2
2
3
Web Pages
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