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The Americas before Columbus
•   50 million people (?)
•   No metal technology
•   No large domesticated animals
•   Complex trade networks
•   Complex cultures and civilizations
Essential Questions
• How did the first immigrants reach North
  America?
• What cultures and civilization flourished in
  the Americas prior to European contact?
• What were the positive and negative
  effects of European contact?
• Was this a period of contact or conquest?
Unit 1 the encounter
Aztec Empire
Ancient Tenochtitlan
Unit 1 the encounter
Unit 1 the encounter
Fundacion Tenochtitlan
Aztec Warrior Dress in Front of the Shrine of the Virgen de Guadalupe, Mexico City
• Skilled warriors
                          • Weapons from
                            wood, stone and volcanic
                            glass




• Conquered surrounding
  people
• Captives sacrificed
Unit 1 the encounter
Unit 1 the encounter
Hernan Cortes
• Conquistador
• Landed in Mexico in
  1519
• Conquered Aztecs by
  1521
• Native allies
  – Nahuas
  – Tlaxcaltec
  – Totonacs
• Small pox
Moctezuma II
• Aztec   Ruler

• Host and Prisoner of
the Conquistadores

• Details of his death
are disputed
Unit 1 the encounter
Columbian Exchange: The transfer
 of living things between the “Old”
          and “New” Worlds
“Old World”            “New” World (North and
  (Europe, Africa, &     South America)
  Asia)                • Corn
• Horses               • Potato
• Pigs                 • Tobacco
• Cattle               • Beans
• Wheat                • Peanut
• Sugar                • Turkey
• Small Pox
• Measles

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Unit 1 the encounter

  • 1. The Americas before Columbus • 50 million people (?) • No metal technology • No large domesticated animals • Complex trade networks • Complex cultures and civilizations
  • 2. Essential Questions • How did the first immigrants reach North America? • What cultures and civilization flourished in the Americas prior to European contact? • What were the positive and negative effects of European contact? • Was this a period of contact or conquest?
  • 9. Aztec Warrior Dress in Front of the Shrine of the Virgen de Guadalupe, Mexico City
  • 10. • Skilled warriors • Weapons from wood, stone and volcanic glass • Conquered surrounding people • Captives sacrificed
  • 13. Hernan Cortes • Conquistador • Landed in Mexico in 1519 • Conquered Aztecs by 1521 • Native allies – Nahuas – Tlaxcaltec – Totonacs • Small pox
  • 14. Moctezuma II • Aztec Ruler • Host and Prisoner of the Conquistadores • Details of his death are disputed
  • 16. Columbian Exchange: The transfer of living things between the “Old” and “New” Worlds “Old World” “New” World (North and (Europe, Africa, & South America) Asia) • Corn • Horses • Potato • Pigs • Tobacco • Cattle • Beans • Wheat • Peanut • Sugar • Turkey • Small Pox • Measles