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The ABCs of Diabetes
       Managing Diabetes

             Presented by
Visiting Nurse and Community Health
Famous Diabetics

 Patti LaBelle, singer
 James Cagney, actor
 Mary Tyler Moore, actress


        Delta Burke, actress
        Johnny Cash, C&W singer
        Ernest Hemingway,
         novelist
Test Your Diabetes IQ
1. Can you catch diabetes?

          a. Yes
          b. No
          c. Only if I don’t wash my hands
Test Your Diabetes IQ
1. Can you catch diabetes?


             a. Yes
             b. No
             c. Only if I don’t wash my hands

Answer: B – Diabetes is not a contagious disease.
            However, having a blood relative with
            Type 2 diabetes is a significant risk factor.
Test Your Diabetes IQ
2. Are there different types of diabetes

  a. Yes, Types 1 and 2, and
     Gestational diabetes
  b. No, one size fits all
  c. None of the above
Test Your Diabetes IQ
2. Are there different types of diabetes
    a. Yes, Types 1 and 2, and
       Gestational diabetes
    b. No, one size fits all
    c. None of the above

Answer: A – Type 1 or juvenile-onset diabetes; Type 2, or
            adult-onset diabetes; and Gestational diabetes,
            which occurs during pregnancy
Test Your Diabetes IQ
3. Can you lessen the chances of getting Type 2 diabetes?

           a. Yes, good nutrition, exercise and
              leading a healthy lifestyle can
              prevent or delay it
           b. No, so eat, drink and be merry
           c. All of the above
Test Your Diabetes IQ
3. Can you lessen the chances of getting Type 2 diabetes?
            a. Yes, good nutrition, exercise and
               leading a healthy lifestyle can
               prevent or delay it
            b. No, so eat, drink and be merry
            c. All of the above

Answer: A – By eating healthy foods and exercising regularly,
            Type 2 diabetes can be delayed and even prevented
Test Your Diabetes IQ

4. Is there a cure for Type 2 diabetes?
       a. Yes, just ask your CVS pharmacist
       b. No, but researchers are close
          to finding a cure for Type 1 diabetes
       c. Maybe, it depends on what type
          of mattress you sleep on
Test Your Diabetes IQ
4. Is there a cure for Type 2 diabetes?
         a. Yes, just ask your CVS pharmacist
         b. No, but researchers are close
            to finding a cure for Type 1 diabetes
         c. Maybe, it depends on what type
            of mattress you sleep on

Answer: B – While researchers are close to finding a cure for
            Type 1 diabetes, there’s still a long way to go for
            a Type 2 cure
Diabetes Facts
 Diabetes is a disease in
  which the body does not
  produce or properly use
  insulin
 20.8 million people in the
  US, or 7% of the population,    Type 2 diabetes represents
  have diabetes                    85-90% of all cases
 Of that number, 6.2 million     Type 2 diabetes is usually
  people (or nearly one-third)     diagnosed in adults over 50,
                                   but increasingly is occurring
  are unaware that they have       at a younger age
  the disease                     While there is no cure,
 The three major types are        diabetes can be managed,
  Type 1, Type 2, and              and sometimes prevented
  Gestational diabetes
Diabetes Risk Factors
Type 2 diabetes is most likely to occur if you:
            Are over 45 and have high
             blood pressure
            Are over 45 and overweight
            Are over 45 and have one or
             more family members with
             diabetes
            Are over 55
Diabetes Risk Factors
Type 2 diabetes is most likely to occur if you:
               Have heart disease or have had a heart attack
               Have had high blood sugar levels during
                pregnancy
               Have had a borderline high blood sugar test
 Have polycystic ovary syndrome and are
  overweight
 Are Aboriginal or a Torres Strait Islander aged
  over 35
 Are a Pacific Islander, from a Chinese culture
  background, or from the Indian sub-continent
  and are over 35
Diabetes Symptoms
  Frequent urination
  Excessive thirst
  Extreme hunger
  Unusual weight loss
  Increased fatigue
Diabetes Symptoms
    Numbness or tingling in the feet or legs
    Blurred vision
    Frequent infections
    Itchiness
    Irritability
Diagnosing Diabetes
 In diagnosing diabetes, physicians
  primarily depend upon the results
  of specific glucose tests
 Doctors also take into account your
  physical exam, presence or absence
  of symptoms, and medical history
 Some people will have transient
  problems with elevated blood
  sugars that will return to normal
  after the illness has resolved
Diagnosing Diabetes
 Some medications may alter your blood
  glucose levels (most commonly steroids)
  and certain diuretics (water pills)
 Three tests are used to measure the
  presence of blood sugar problems are:
   Fasting blood sugar test: the direct
    measurement of glucose levels in the blood
    during an overnight fast;
   Glucose tolerance test: the measurement of
    the body's ability to appropriately handle the
    excess sugar presented after drinking a high
    glucose drink; and
   An A1C (also known as glycated hemoglobin
    or HbA1c) test: gives you a picture of your
    average blood glucose control for the past 2
    to 3 months.
Managing Diabetes
 Type 2 diabetes is usually controlled by
  healthy eating and regular exercise, both
  of which often result in weight loss
 Some people may require oral
  medications which:
    Help the pancreas produce more insulin, or
    Help the body to use insulin more effectively,
     or
    Slow down the rate at which glucose is
     absorbed after eating a meal
 When dietary changes, exercise and/or
  oral medication aren’t effective, insulin
  injections are required
Diabetes Complications
Untreated or poorly managed diabetes can lead to:
 Damage to the eyes, leading to
  loss of vision
 Artery damage, increasing the
  risk of heart attack or stroke
 Kidney damage


                 Nerve damage in toes and
                  feet, increasing risk of
                  amputation
                 Impotence in men
                 Pregnancy complications
Diabetes and Nutrition
 You should have 3 meals and 3
  snacks per day
 There are 3 types of
  carbohydrates
   Fiber
   Starch
   Sugar
 Dietary fiber does not raise    Total carbohydrates per snack
  blood sugar                      should run between 15 and 20
 Starches and sugars are the      grams
  reason for blood sugar to rise
                                  Eat about the same number of
 Total carbohydrates per meal     carbs at each meal
  should run between 40 and 55
  grams (40-45 for women; 50-55  Keep a food diary for 1 week to
  for men)                         see the number of carbs you have
                                   eaten
Diabetes and Nutrition
 In general, use a 9’ plate
 Cover 1/2 of the plate with
  non-starchy vegetables
   Lettuce, cabbage, cucumbers,
    peppers, mushrooms, onions,
    garlic, green beans, broccoli,
    celery, carrots, cauliflower,
    tomatoes
 Cover 1/4 of the plate with
  high protein foods                   Cover 1/4 of the plate with
   Some options are 3 ounces of        starchy foods
    lean meat, skinless poultry,         Some options are 1 slice bread; ½
    fish or tofu; 1-2 eggs; 2 Tbsp.       cup hot cereal or ¾ cup dry non-
    peanut butter; 1/3 cup nuts;          sweetened cereal; 1/3 cup cooked
    2 ounces of cheese                    pasta or rice; ½ cup dried beans or
                                          lentils; ½ cup potatoes, corn, or
                                          peas, cauliflower, tomatoes
And in Conclusion …

You can manage, and possibly prevent, diabetes by:

            Maintaining a healthy weight
            Eating a healthy, balanced diet
            Ensuring adequate levels of daily
             exercise
On behalf of Visiting Nurse and Community
Health, thank you. Are there any questions?

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Diabetes Management

  • 1. The ABCs of Diabetes Managing Diabetes Presented by Visiting Nurse and Community Health
  • 2. Famous Diabetics  Patti LaBelle, singer  James Cagney, actor  Mary Tyler Moore, actress  Delta Burke, actress  Johnny Cash, C&W singer  Ernest Hemingway, novelist
  • 3. Test Your Diabetes IQ 1. Can you catch diabetes? a. Yes b. No c. Only if I don’t wash my hands
  • 4. Test Your Diabetes IQ 1. Can you catch diabetes? a. Yes b. No c. Only if I don’t wash my hands Answer: B – Diabetes is not a contagious disease. However, having a blood relative with Type 2 diabetes is a significant risk factor.
  • 5. Test Your Diabetes IQ 2. Are there different types of diabetes a. Yes, Types 1 and 2, and Gestational diabetes b. No, one size fits all c. None of the above
  • 6. Test Your Diabetes IQ 2. Are there different types of diabetes a. Yes, Types 1 and 2, and Gestational diabetes b. No, one size fits all c. None of the above Answer: A – Type 1 or juvenile-onset diabetes; Type 2, or adult-onset diabetes; and Gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy
  • 7. Test Your Diabetes IQ 3. Can you lessen the chances of getting Type 2 diabetes? a. Yes, good nutrition, exercise and leading a healthy lifestyle can prevent or delay it b. No, so eat, drink and be merry c. All of the above
  • 8. Test Your Diabetes IQ 3. Can you lessen the chances of getting Type 2 diabetes? a. Yes, good nutrition, exercise and leading a healthy lifestyle can prevent or delay it b. No, so eat, drink and be merry c. All of the above Answer: A – By eating healthy foods and exercising regularly, Type 2 diabetes can be delayed and even prevented
  • 9. Test Your Diabetes IQ 4. Is there a cure for Type 2 diabetes? a. Yes, just ask your CVS pharmacist b. No, but researchers are close to finding a cure for Type 1 diabetes c. Maybe, it depends on what type of mattress you sleep on
  • 10. Test Your Diabetes IQ 4. Is there a cure for Type 2 diabetes? a. Yes, just ask your CVS pharmacist b. No, but researchers are close to finding a cure for Type 1 diabetes c. Maybe, it depends on what type of mattress you sleep on Answer: B – While researchers are close to finding a cure for Type 1 diabetes, there’s still a long way to go for a Type 2 cure
  • 11. Diabetes Facts  Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin  20.8 million people in the US, or 7% of the population,  Type 2 diabetes represents have diabetes 85-90% of all cases  Of that number, 6.2 million  Type 2 diabetes is usually people (or nearly one-third) diagnosed in adults over 50, but increasingly is occurring are unaware that they have at a younger age the disease  While there is no cure,  The three major types are diabetes can be managed, Type 1, Type 2, and and sometimes prevented Gestational diabetes
  • 12. Diabetes Risk Factors Type 2 diabetes is most likely to occur if you:  Are over 45 and have high blood pressure  Are over 45 and overweight  Are over 45 and have one or more family members with diabetes  Are over 55
  • 13. Diabetes Risk Factors Type 2 diabetes is most likely to occur if you:  Have heart disease or have had a heart attack  Have had high blood sugar levels during pregnancy  Have had a borderline high blood sugar test  Have polycystic ovary syndrome and are overweight  Are Aboriginal or a Torres Strait Islander aged over 35  Are a Pacific Islander, from a Chinese culture background, or from the Indian sub-continent and are over 35
  • 14. Diabetes Symptoms  Frequent urination  Excessive thirst  Extreme hunger  Unusual weight loss  Increased fatigue
  • 15. Diabetes Symptoms  Numbness or tingling in the feet or legs  Blurred vision  Frequent infections  Itchiness  Irritability
  • 16. Diagnosing Diabetes  In diagnosing diabetes, physicians primarily depend upon the results of specific glucose tests  Doctors also take into account your physical exam, presence or absence of symptoms, and medical history  Some people will have transient problems with elevated blood sugars that will return to normal after the illness has resolved
  • 17. Diagnosing Diabetes  Some medications may alter your blood glucose levels (most commonly steroids) and certain diuretics (water pills)  Three tests are used to measure the presence of blood sugar problems are:  Fasting blood sugar test: the direct measurement of glucose levels in the blood during an overnight fast;  Glucose tolerance test: the measurement of the body's ability to appropriately handle the excess sugar presented after drinking a high glucose drink; and  An A1C (also known as glycated hemoglobin or HbA1c) test: gives you a picture of your average blood glucose control for the past 2 to 3 months.
  • 18. Managing Diabetes  Type 2 diabetes is usually controlled by healthy eating and regular exercise, both of which often result in weight loss  Some people may require oral medications which:  Help the pancreas produce more insulin, or  Help the body to use insulin more effectively, or  Slow down the rate at which glucose is absorbed after eating a meal  When dietary changes, exercise and/or oral medication aren’t effective, insulin injections are required
  • 19. Diabetes Complications Untreated or poorly managed diabetes can lead to:  Damage to the eyes, leading to loss of vision  Artery damage, increasing the risk of heart attack or stroke  Kidney damage  Nerve damage in toes and feet, increasing risk of amputation  Impotence in men  Pregnancy complications
  • 20. Diabetes and Nutrition  You should have 3 meals and 3 snacks per day  There are 3 types of carbohydrates  Fiber  Starch  Sugar  Dietary fiber does not raise  Total carbohydrates per snack blood sugar should run between 15 and 20  Starches and sugars are the grams reason for blood sugar to rise  Eat about the same number of  Total carbohydrates per meal carbs at each meal should run between 40 and 55 grams (40-45 for women; 50-55  Keep a food diary for 1 week to for men) see the number of carbs you have eaten
  • 21. Diabetes and Nutrition  In general, use a 9’ plate  Cover 1/2 of the plate with non-starchy vegetables  Lettuce, cabbage, cucumbers, peppers, mushrooms, onions, garlic, green beans, broccoli, celery, carrots, cauliflower, tomatoes  Cover 1/4 of the plate with high protein foods  Cover 1/4 of the plate with  Some options are 3 ounces of starchy foods lean meat, skinless poultry,  Some options are 1 slice bread; ½ fish or tofu; 1-2 eggs; 2 Tbsp. cup hot cereal or ¾ cup dry non- peanut butter; 1/3 cup nuts; sweetened cereal; 1/3 cup cooked 2 ounces of cheese pasta or rice; ½ cup dried beans or lentils; ½ cup potatoes, corn, or peas, cauliflower, tomatoes
  • 22. And in Conclusion … You can manage, and possibly prevent, diabetes by:  Maintaining a healthy weight  Eating a healthy, balanced diet  Ensuring adequate levels of daily exercise
  • 23. On behalf of Visiting Nurse and Community Health, thank you. Are there any questions?