The Importance of Mental Health: Why is Mental Health Important?
Diabetes Management
1. The ABCs of Diabetes
Managing Diabetes
Presented by
Visiting Nurse and Community Health
2. Famous Diabetics
Patti LaBelle, singer
James Cagney, actor
Mary Tyler Moore, actress
Delta Burke, actress
Johnny Cash, C&W singer
Ernest Hemingway,
novelist
3. Test Your Diabetes IQ
1. Can you catch diabetes?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Only if I don’t wash my hands
4. Test Your Diabetes IQ
1. Can you catch diabetes?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Only if I don’t wash my hands
Answer: B – Diabetes is not a contagious disease.
However, having a blood relative with
Type 2 diabetes is a significant risk factor.
5. Test Your Diabetes IQ
2. Are there different types of diabetes
a. Yes, Types 1 and 2, and
Gestational diabetes
b. No, one size fits all
c. None of the above
6. Test Your Diabetes IQ
2. Are there different types of diabetes
a. Yes, Types 1 and 2, and
Gestational diabetes
b. No, one size fits all
c. None of the above
Answer: A – Type 1 or juvenile-onset diabetes; Type 2, or
adult-onset diabetes; and Gestational diabetes,
which occurs during pregnancy
7. Test Your Diabetes IQ
3. Can you lessen the chances of getting Type 2 diabetes?
a. Yes, good nutrition, exercise and
leading a healthy lifestyle can
prevent or delay it
b. No, so eat, drink and be merry
c. All of the above
8. Test Your Diabetes IQ
3. Can you lessen the chances of getting Type 2 diabetes?
a. Yes, good nutrition, exercise and
leading a healthy lifestyle can
prevent or delay it
b. No, so eat, drink and be merry
c. All of the above
Answer: A – By eating healthy foods and exercising regularly,
Type 2 diabetes can be delayed and even prevented
9. Test Your Diabetes IQ
4. Is there a cure for Type 2 diabetes?
a. Yes, just ask your CVS pharmacist
b. No, but researchers are close
to finding a cure for Type 1 diabetes
c. Maybe, it depends on what type
of mattress you sleep on
10. Test Your Diabetes IQ
4. Is there a cure for Type 2 diabetes?
a. Yes, just ask your CVS pharmacist
b. No, but researchers are close
to finding a cure for Type 1 diabetes
c. Maybe, it depends on what type
of mattress you sleep on
Answer: B – While researchers are close to finding a cure for
Type 1 diabetes, there’s still a long way to go for
a Type 2 cure
11. Diabetes Facts
Diabetes is a disease in
which the body does not
produce or properly use
insulin
20.8 million people in the
US, or 7% of the population, Type 2 diabetes represents
have diabetes 85-90% of all cases
Of that number, 6.2 million Type 2 diabetes is usually
people (or nearly one-third) diagnosed in adults over 50,
but increasingly is occurring
are unaware that they have at a younger age
the disease While there is no cure,
The three major types are diabetes can be managed,
Type 1, Type 2, and and sometimes prevented
Gestational diabetes
12. Diabetes Risk Factors
Type 2 diabetes is most likely to occur if you:
Are over 45 and have high
blood pressure
Are over 45 and overweight
Are over 45 and have one or
more family members with
diabetes
Are over 55
13. Diabetes Risk Factors
Type 2 diabetes is most likely to occur if you:
Have heart disease or have had a heart attack
Have had high blood sugar levels during
pregnancy
Have had a borderline high blood sugar test
Have polycystic ovary syndrome and are
overweight
Are Aboriginal or a Torres Strait Islander aged
over 35
Are a Pacific Islander, from a Chinese culture
background, or from the Indian sub-continent
and are over 35
15. Diabetes Symptoms
Numbness or tingling in the feet or legs
Blurred vision
Frequent infections
Itchiness
Irritability
16. Diagnosing Diabetes
In diagnosing diabetes, physicians
primarily depend upon the results
of specific glucose tests
Doctors also take into account your
physical exam, presence or absence
of symptoms, and medical history
Some people will have transient
problems with elevated blood
sugars that will return to normal
after the illness has resolved
17. Diagnosing Diabetes
Some medications may alter your blood
glucose levels (most commonly steroids)
and certain diuretics (water pills)
Three tests are used to measure the
presence of blood sugar problems are:
Fasting blood sugar test: the direct
measurement of glucose levels in the blood
during an overnight fast;
Glucose tolerance test: the measurement of
the body's ability to appropriately handle the
excess sugar presented after drinking a high
glucose drink; and
An A1C (also known as glycated hemoglobin
or HbA1c) test: gives you a picture of your
average blood glucose control for the past 2
to 3 months.
18. Managing Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is usually controlled by
healthy eating and regular exercise, both
of which often result in weight loss
Some people may require oral
medications which:
Help the pancreas produce more insulin, or
Help the body to use insulin more effectively,
or
Slow down the rate at which glucose is
absorbed after eating a meal
When dietary changes, exercise and/or
oral medication aren’t effective, insulin
injections are required
19. Diabetes Complications
Untreated or poorly managed diabetes can lead to:
Damage to the eyes, leading to
loss of vision
Artery damage, increasing the
risk of heart attack or stroke
Kidney damage
Nerve damage in toes and
feet, increasing risk of
amputation
Impotence in men
Pregnancy complications
20. Diabetes and Nutrition
You should have 3 meals and 3
snacks per day
There are 3 types of
carbohydrates
Fiber
Starch
Sugar
Dietary fiber does not raise Total carbohydrates per snack
blood sugar should run between 15 and 20
Starches and sugars are the grams
reason for blood sugar to rise
Eat about the same number of
Total carbohydrates per meal carbs at each meal
should run between 40 and 55
grams (40-45 for women; 50-55 Keep a food diary for 1 week to
for men) see the number of carbs you have
eaten
21. Diabetes and Nutrition
In general, use a 9’ plate
Cover 1/2 of the plate with
non-starchy vegetables
Lettuce, cabbage, cucumbers,
peppers, mushrooms, onions,
garlic, green beans, broccoli,
celery, carrots, cauliflower,
tomatoes
Cover 1/4 of the plate with
high protein foods Cover 1/4 of the plate with
Some options are 3 ounces of starchy foods
lean meat, skinless poultry, Some options are 1 slice bread; ½
fish or tofu; 1-2 eggs; 2 Tbsp. cup hot cereal or ¾ cup dry non-
peanut butter; 1/3 cup nuts; sweetened cereal; 1/3 cup cooked
2 ounces of cheese pasta or rice; ½ cup dried beans or
lentils; ½ cup potatoes, corn, or
peas, cauliflower, tomatoes
22. And in Conclusion …
You can manage, and possibly prevent, diabetes by:
Maintaining a healthy weight
Eating a healthy, balanced diet
Ensuring adequate levels of daily
exercise
23. On behalf of Visiting Nurse and Community
Health, thank you. Are there any questions?