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Cytology
Cytology   is the “study of cells” ,[object Object]
The Cell Theory and its Development
  Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) was the first to adapt lenses to the study of living organisms.  He discovered microorganisms.
1665 – Robert Hooke ,[object Object],[object Object],Cork Cells
1833 - Robert Brown ,[object Object],Nucleus Human Cheek Cell
1838 - M.J. Schleiden ,[object Object],Elodea….Typical Plant Cell
1839 - T. Schwann ,[object Object],Nerve Cells
1855 - Rudolph Virchow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Cell Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How do you measure cells?  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What limits the size of a cell? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Cells
Prokaryotes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],E. coli
Eukaryotes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basic Cell Organization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Animal   Cell
Plant Cell
The Cell Membrane  AKA: Plasma Membrane ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
The Cytoplasm ,[object Object]
Cytosol ,[object Object]
Nucleus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Nuclear Envelope …  the outer boundary of the nucleus which gives the shape to the nucleus.
Nucleolus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chromatin ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Cell Organelle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ribosomes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ribosome Locations ,[object Object],[object Object]
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum ,[object Object],[object Object]
Rough ER ,[object Object]
Smooth ER ,[object Object]
 
Golgi Apparatus AKA Golgi bodies or Golgi Complex   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Lysosome ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Peroxisomes ,[object Object]
Mitochondria ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Chloroplasts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chloroplasts
Enzymes in a crystal
Chromoplasts   Function :  store plant pigments such as  chlorophyll (green) and carotene (orange, red). ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cytoskeleton ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Microtubule Function Maintenance of cell shape. Hold organelles in place.
Microfilaments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Function
 
 
Cilia and Flagella Classified by their lengths and numbers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Centrioles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basal Bodies ,[object Object],[object Object]
Basal Body
Plant Cell Walls ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cell Walls ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Middle Lamella ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Vacuoles and Vesicles Fluid-filled, membrane-bound bodies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
  The function of the vacuole depends on the organism. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contractile Vacuole Contractile Vacuole Food Vacuoles
Central Water Vacuole ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Central Water Vacuole
Comparing Plant Cells and  Animal Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],Animal Cells Have lysosomes and centrioles…. Plant cells do not!!

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