The document discusses the evolution of digital electioneering and political campaigning from print to radio and television. Key points: 1) Milestones in radio included FDR's fireside chats in the 1930s and the first nationally broadcast debate in 1948. However, critics argued that radio limited debate and candidates could no longer be quoted directly. 2) Television had an even greater impact, with the first Kennedy-Nixon debate in 1960 watched by millions. Debates and ads on TV soon dominated political campaigns worldwide and costs rose dramatically. 3) While new technologies amplified the spread of political messages, there are concerns they have not facilitated meaningful public deliberation and engagement with politics. The state of the

1. Digital Electioneering: Transition From Print Culture 14 October 2008 Kathy E. Gill

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