Steps to creating a research paper

1. Writing A Research
Paper

2. Choosing a Topic
1. What subject(s) are you interested
in?
2. What interests you most about a
particular subject?
3. Is there anything you wonder about
or are puzzled about with regard to
that subject?

3. Narrowing Topics
• Once you have a topic, you will probably need to
narrow it down to something more manageable.
• Too general:
Ancient Egypt.
• Revised:
The building of the pyramids of Ancient Egypt.

4. Free writing
• Brainstorming is a useful way to let ideas you didn't
know you had come to the surface.
•
1. Sit down with a pencil and paper, or at your
computer, and write whatever comes into your
head about your topic.
2. Keep writing for a short but specific amount of
time, say 3–5 minutes. Don't stop to change
what you've written or to correct spelling or
grammar errors.
3. After a few minutes, read through what you've
written. You will probably throw out most of it,
but some of what you've written may give you
an idea that can be developed.
4. Do some more brainstorming and see what else
you can come up with.

5. Freewrite example
• In A and P Sammy was rude but in the end he tried to do good
by standing up for the girls in his story. He didn’t seem like a
hero throughout the story but his actions spoke louder than
words. In Gift of the Magi we also saw people doing good.
Again they did not do good for themselves but for others. This
shows the reader that sometimes people end up helping
themselves because they help other people.
• Read your free write to pick your subject.
Subject: Examine the motives behind kind acts in the short
stories “Gift of the Magi” and “A&P”

6. Topic
• I have provided a list if you are struggling with a research
topic.
• Choose one provided, or create your own.
• You must have one chosen by the end of class.

7. Finding Sources
• In a research paper, you must use sources other than your
own thoughts.
• We will visit the library to learn how to use databases.
• From these data bases, you will print 3 articles to help you
with your writing.

8. The Writing Process
• Basic Three Part Paper
• Introductions
• Body Paragraphs
• Conclusion.
• ©

9. Introductions
• Contains background information on
your topic
• Use an introductory strategy
• Broad at beginning
• Narrows to thesis at end
• 1-2 paragraphs

10. Thesis Statements
• Write one or two sentences that will go into the first paragraph
which tell what the writer wants the reader to know, think or do
based on the information in the paper.
• Thesis
• A thesis statement indicates what the topic is, how you view the
subject, and how you have organized your Research Paper. A thesis
statement can also called an "argument," a "main idea," or a
"controlling idea."
• Before you can effectively address a topic, you must collect and
organize evidence, explore possible relationships between known
facts, and assess the significance of these relationships. Therefore,
the thesis statement is likely to change while you do the research,
from a preliminary thesis statement, to the final form as it appears
in the finished Research Paper.
•

11. Example assignment:
• Compare and contrast the reasons why the North and South
fought the Civil War.
• While developing a thesis, ask yourself theses questions:
• "Do I fully explain the topic?"
• "Have I taken a position that others might challenge or
oppose?"
• "Does my thesis pass the 'So What?' test?"
•

12. Example thesis statements:
• The North and South fought the Civil War for many reasons,
some of which were the same and some different.
• While both sides fought the Civil War over the issue of slavery,
the North fought for moral reasons while the South fought to
preserve its own institutions.
• While both Northerners and Southerners believed they fought
against tyranny and oppression, Northerners focused on the
oppression of slaves while Southerners defended their own
rights to property and self-government.

13. Other examples:
• “Write an analysis of some aspect of Mark Twain's novel
Huckleberry Finn.“
• Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel.
• In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between
life on the river and life on the shore.
• Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twain's
Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of
American democratic ideals, one must leave "civilized" society
and go back to nature