This document provides information about a student named Kevin Fernando Yépez Huertas who is in the 5th class of French at the Universidad Central del Ecuador, Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Education Sciences, School of Languages. It discusses several key branches of linguistics including sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, anthropological linguistics, and applied linguistics. It also contrasts comparative linguistics with contrastive linguistics and discusses fundamental teaching in contrastive linguistics.

1. UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR
FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA. LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE
LA EDUCACION
ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS
LINGUISTICS
STUDENT : Kevin Fernando Yépez Huertas
CLASS:5th French

2. the word linguistics was
used in the midle of the
19th century
Branches
Sociolinguistics.
It studies how dialects differ between groups separated by certain
social variables such, religion, status, gender, level pf education, etc
Psycholinguistics
Corcerned with relations between messajes and the characteristics of
individual who select and interpret them.
Computational linguistics.
To interface with computers in both written and spoken contexts using
natural human language instead of computer language.

3. Anthropological linguistics.
It deals with the relationship between language and culture.
Socio- ethnic linguistics.
It focuses on the functions of language in our societies like differences
of class, ethnicity, gender and generation.
Applied linguistics.
It provides the theoretical and descriptive foundations for the
investigacion and solution of language

4. CONTRASTIVE OR COMPARATIVE
LINGUISTICS?
One the concepts have beeb discussed, it is refer to the
study, contrast or comparison of two or more language. As
a matter of fact, Comparative or Contrastive L. appear
Comparative linguistics Contrastive linguistics
C.L. aims to construct It compares language
Is concerned with language families, to usually with tha aim of
comparing language reconstruct proto- assisting language learning
in order to establish language and specify by identifying differences
their historical the changes that have between the learner’s native
relatedness. Also is resulted in the and target language.
know as diahronic documented
Linguistics. languages.

5. FUNDAM NT S F
E AL OR T ACH
E ING CL Carl James states that CL is a relevant and
rewarding study area
contrastive linguistics Contrastive Methology of
syllabus pragmatics contrastive
linguistics
lexis-(language,terminology, Study the ability of
terms, expressions) natural language The C. method in
Sound- utterance speakers to comunicate principle, every differnce
Syntax- more than what is or silmilarity between
(grammar, sentence structure, explicitly stated. two or more related
language rules) language should be
explicable in terms of
context analysis.
New trends
Macrolinguistic and microlinguistic

6. There are factors may be
Is an arbitrary structured system of utterance- considered to distribute
sound, gestures, signs and movements, written language in the world
symbols, morphemes, words and sentences used
for human communications
1. Population
2. Summer Institute
Linguistics
etnology lists about 6.012 living language in the world up 3. Number of
to 2005 countries.
Mandarin Most 5 important language in the world
Hindi
English
Arabe
spanish

7. Brief Classification
of Language
Non verbal
Verbal language language
Language family.- it is agroup of
language related by descent from a Idiographic written.- use
common ancestor called the proto- idograms symbols
language of that family Eg. Chinese
Individual language.- it is a
Syllabic written.- use symbols
alanguage as a whole from the
but syllabus by syllabus.
same family.
One symbol each syllable
Dialect.- particular way of using a
language as a whole from the same Alphabetic written. – one
family. symbol – one sound
Idiolect.- this is individual. Eg.
Voice, quality, speech,tone

8. Articulated sound.- have
Colloquialism.- is tis informal produced the sound
expressions.
Writing systems
Slang.- it is informal use of the Based on alphabet
language is rude, is non standard. Eg.
Teen’s language Phonetic alphabets
English language.-
Jargon.- used by people who work
considered third- fourth-largest
in a particular area or who have a
, native language in the world
particular interest eg. Lawyer,
criminals.
Spanish language.-
spoken as a first language
by about 352 millionaerliest
people

9. Language
Inconsistencies
It is the incompatibility. It is the quality or state
of being inconsistenly, lack of concordance
with a structural pattern.
These inconsistencies happen due to:
The same sound
The same letter can have with Different dialect
or combination different letters or pronounce the
can refer to letter combination same word
different sound differently.
cifra[ˈsifra]
waiting[ˈweɪtɪŋ] (American)
waiting[ˈweirin] (British)
charter [ˈtʃɑːrtər ]

10. CLUSTER

11. FINAL
Only
english
ITERSYLLABIC MIDIAL
Consonant
INTRASYLLABIC
Is a group two (vccv)
or more (vcccccv)
adjacent
INITIAL
(ccv)

12. PHONOLOGY
PHONEMICS PHONETICS DIACRITIC
• Is the smallest
basic and • Show that it has
theorical unit of
• Study a description sound value
language that
of the speech sund. different from
cignal creates
that of the same
entirely
letter.
differences in
meaning

13. ALPHABET
ALPHABET
It is a system of characters arranged in a fixed
conventional order to symbolized sounds or
letters used in a writing system to represent
speech
Latin alphabet
Also called the roman By the ISO have continued to Celtic, Germanic, Baltic.
alphabet, is the most define the 26 letters of English Some Slavic Language,
widely used alphabet as the basic alphabet most of the languages of
alphabeticwriting with extensions to handle Europa are descendants
system in the world other letters in other of Latin
today. languages.

14. TRANSCRIPTION
BROAD NARROW STRESS
TRANSCRIPTION TRANSCRIPTION
•Ignores details •Captures every •Recognize the
detail stress syllable
•Captures
and
genral •Use diacritics
unstressed
elements
syllables

15. SYMBOLS USED FOR
SYMBOLS USED FOR
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPTION

16. VOWELS
DIPHTHONGS
Is a speech sound
produced by human,not
formed by blocking
airflow
Is a speech sound is
usually considered
VOWEL onedisctintive vowel
PRODUCTION sound of a particular
language.
The aspects considered
to determine the vowel
features

18. DIPHTHONG
ENGLISH DIPTHONG CHART SPANISH DIPTHONGS

19. ENGLISH AND SPANISH
DIPHTHONGS

20. GLIDED SOUNDS
GLIDED SOUNDS