Más contenido relacionado Más de Khanzad Barzinjy (20) السياسة الفاطمية في جزيرة صقلية وجنوب إيطاليا2. ٢
ﻣﻠﺨـﺺ:
ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺗﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺻﻄﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ،ﻭﳘﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺎ
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ.ﺟﻮﻻﺕ ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﻲ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ
ﺍﻹﺳـﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﲢﺖ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺑﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ،ﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳـﺔ ﺗﺴﺘـﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﱂ
ﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺅﺓ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔ،
ﺍﳌ ﻭﺣﺎﻛﺖ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻃﻴﻞ ﻭﺑﻌﺜﺖﺆﺍﻣﺮﺍﺕﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﺰﻣـﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻧﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻼﻗﻞ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻗﺒﻀﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ.
ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳـﻴﺔ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴـﺔ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﲝﻜﻢ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﺴﺒﺖ
ﻭﲡﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ،ﺍ ﻭﻛﺎﻥﻻﺳﺘﺤﻮﺍﺫﹰﺍﺍﺳﺘﺤﻮﺍﺫ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍ ﻫﺬﺍﺍﳍﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻲ ﳊﻮﺽ.
ﲢ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻫﺬﺍﺖﺍﻟﻔـﺘﺢ ﺣﺮﻛـﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ
ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﰎ ﺃﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻮﻳﻼ ﻭﻗﺘﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﺮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ،ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﰒ
ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺩﺧﻮﻝ،ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺮﻛﺰﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔﰲﺣﻜﻢ
ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓﺣﻴﺚ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓﺑﺮﺯﺍﻷﺳﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﺓﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺒﻴﺔ
ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ.
ﺭﻓـﻀﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺿﻮﺍﺀ ﻳﻠﻘﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ
ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻼﻡ،ﻭﻋﻦﺗﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊﺍﳉﺰﻳـﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﺢﺇﱃ
ﺍﳌﺪﻥﺍﻹﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕﹰﻻﻭﺻﻮﺍﳌﺴﻴﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺭﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﱃ.
3. ٣
The Fatimid Policy in Sicily Island and South Italy
( A B S T R A C T )
The Islamic and the Byzantium Powers were confronted in
many different fields . The Island of Sicily was one of those
fields . It witnessed several rounds which ended with the
entrance of Sicily under the Islamic Rule . However , the
Byzantine Empire did not submit for the loss of Sicily and
continued resisting the Islamic Rule there . It sent its fleets and
used the policy of intrigues and unrest which , after more than
two centuries , resulted in the Muslim's loss of Sicily . Because
of its position at the Mediterranean , the Island of Sicily gained
a geographical , political , and commercial importance . Thus
its occupation meant the possession of the key to power and the
access to the activities of that important water-basin . This
paper tackles the Island of Sicily under the Islamic Rule , as
from its conquest and domination , that took a long time , until
the settlement there . It also deals with the rise of the Fatimid
State and the entrance of Sicily under their rule , and the policy
followed by the Fatimid State in ruling and administering the
Island of Sicily , particularly with the emergence of the Kalbi-
Family as an instrument for the Fatimid policy at the Island.
The paper also sheds light on the Islamic- Byzantium struggle
over the Island of Sicily , and the struggle that followed and
extended to the Italian Cities and Republics , until it reached
Rome , the heart of the Christian World.
Dr. Omar Yahya Muhammad
Assistant Professor
History Department
K.A.A. University
4. ٤
ﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ
ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲﺃﻥﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﳜﻬﺎ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﳐﺘﺼﺮﺓ ﻧﺒﺬﺓ ﻧﻘﺪﻡ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ،ﻟﻠﻤﺤ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﺎﺎﻭﻻﳍـﻢ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﻥ ﺍﱃ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﺒﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺕ
ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ٢١٢ﻫـ/٨٢٧ﻡ.
ﺃﻣﺎﻓﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻦﻫﻲ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔﺇﺣﺪﻯﺃﻫﻢﺟﺰﺭ ﻭﺍﻛﱪﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ،
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﰲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻭﺗﻜﺎﺩ،ﺗﺘﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻫﻲﺃﺿﻼﻋﻪ،ﲰﻴﺖ ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ
ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻗﺪﳝﺎ"ﻛﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺍﺗﺮﻳﻨﺎ")١(
ﺍﳌﺜﻠﺚ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻱ،ﻭﻳﻔﺼﻞﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓﻫـﻮ ﻣﻀﻴﻖ ﺍﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ
ﻣﺴﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻀﻴﻖ،ﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻻﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻭﻫﻮ،ﺑﻣﻌﱪ ﻷﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻋﻦ ﻳﻔﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﻴﻨﻤﺎ
ﻣﺘﺮﺍ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ،ﻭﺗﺒﻠـﻎ ﺍﻻﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻟﺸﺒﺔ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﰲ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﻬﻲ
ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ٢٥٤٦١ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎ ﻣﺘﺮﺍ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ)٢(
.
ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﻡ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﻫﺬﺍﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﺍﻟـﱵ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻄﻤﻌﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﻮﺽ ﰲ ﺗﺼﺎﺭﻋﺖﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻓﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺘﺮﺍﺕﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﱐ،ﺗـﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺍﺀ
ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰒ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﻏﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻴﻘﻴﲔ)٣(
.ﻗﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻫﻢ ﻭﻣﺎﻯﺳﻴﻄﺮﺕ
ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ.
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﺩﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ
ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲﺑﻠﻴﺰﺍﺭﻳﻮﺱ ﺸﻬﲑ)٤(
ﺳﻨﺔ٥٣٥ﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﲑﺓ ﲪﻠﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻡﻭﺇﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ
١-ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﺍﲪﺪ:ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥﺍﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﰲ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳــﻊ ﻟﻠﻨـﺸـﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛـﺔ،ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋـﺮ
١٣٦٥ﻫـ،ﺹ٨.
٢-ﺍﲪﺪ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ:ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ،ﺗﺮﲨﺩ ﺔ.ﺍﻟﻄﻴﱯ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﺍﻣﲔ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ١٩٨٠ﻡ،ﺹ٨،ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ
ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﻫﻲ ﺿﻴﻘﻪ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺎﺯﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﻗﺎﻕ ﻣﺴﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻀﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ.
٣-ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺇﺣﺴﺎﻥ،ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ،ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺩﺍﺭ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ١٩٥٩ﻡ،ﺹ٢٥.
٤-ﺑﻠﻴﺰﺍﺭﻳﻮﺱﻣﺸﻬ ﺩﻭﺭ ﳍﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦﻟﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﻮﺵ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻮﺩ
ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺭﺯ ﺩﻭﺭ،ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﳌﺰﻳﺪ:ﺩﻭﻧﺎﻟـﺪ
ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻝ،ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻢ ﻣﻌﺠﻢ،ﺩ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ.ﺣﺒﺸﻰ ﺣﺴﻦ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ٢٠٠٢ﻡ،ﺹ٢٠٦.
5. ٥
ﺍﻟﻮﻧﺪﺍﻝ ﻣﻦﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻁﺧﻄﺔ ﺿﻤﻦﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺟﺴﺘﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳـﺔ
ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﳉﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﺍﻟﱵﺓﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﹰﻻﺩﻭ ﳍﻢ)١(
.
ﻟﻸ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﻀﻌﺖﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﺘﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﻈﻤﺔ
،ﺎﻓﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﺭﺽ ﳋﺼﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﺍﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﶈﺼﻠﻰ ﻫﺪﻓﺎﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳﺔ،ﻭﺍﻟـﺬﻳﻦ
ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﻬﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﲨﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﺷﺘﺪﻭﺍ،ﺍﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﻄﺮﺕ ﺭﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ
ﺃ ﺎﺳﻜﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺎ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺳﻮﺍ)٢(
.
ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻜﻔﻮﻝ ﻧﺎﻫﻀﺎ ﺳﻌﻴﺪﺍ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻇﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻠﻲ ﺘﻤﻊﺍ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻭﱂ،
ﹰﺎﺧﻠﻴﻄ ﺗﻀﻢ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﺫﻣﻦﺍﻷﺟﻨﺎﺱﺃﻫﻢﺟﺎﻧﺒـﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧـﺎﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻻﻏﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻩ
ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ،ﻭﺃﺿﺎﻓﺖﺍﳌﻨﻔﻴﲔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ،ﻣﻨﻔـﻰ ﺻـﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﺫ
ﻟﻠﺍﳌﺘﻤﺮﺩﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﺮﻣﲔﻭﺍ ﻤﺬﻧﺒﲔ،ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﺣﺮﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﺩﻓﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﻃﻮﺍﺋﻒ
ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﰲﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ)٣(
.
ﺎ ﻭﺳﺎﺀﺕﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ،ﺑﻌـﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﻛﻤﺎﺍﳉﻋـﻦ ﻐـﺮﺍﰲ
ﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳﺔﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻐﺮﻱ ﺍﻥ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎﺍﻷﺧﺮـﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺳـﺘﻘﻼﻝ،ﻭﺗﻌـﺪﺩﺕ
ﺍﶈﺎﻭﻻﺕ،ﳏ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖﺎﻭﻟﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺔ.
ﶈ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ ﻭﻗﺪﺎﻭﻟﻣـﻦ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺻﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﺔ
ﺎﻭﺛﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﻤﻮ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻘﺪ
ﺷﺮ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺑﲔﻕﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ)٤(
.ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﻛﻘﻮﺓ ﺑﺮﺯﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ
ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻥ)٥(
ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ٣١ﻫـ/٦٥٥ﺍﻟﱵ ﻡ
ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﻋﻤﺖ.
١-ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺯﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﲏ،ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳﺔ،ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ١٩٨٢ﻡ،ﺹ٧١.
٢-ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﺍﲪﺪ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ،ﺹ٢٥.ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﲪﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﹰﺎﻭﺃﻳﻀ،ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺣﻮﺽ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ،ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺩﺍﺭ
،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ،١٩٩٥ﻡ،ﺹ٢١.
٣-ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺇﺣﺴﺎﻥ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ،ﺹ٢٩.
٤-ﺩ.ﺍ ﺗﻘﻲﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ،ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔﻭﺎﻋﻼﻗﺎﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻝ،ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ١٩٨٠ﻡ،ﺹ٢١.
٥-ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﲔ ﺑﲔ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ.ﺛﻼﺛـﺔ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﻳﺬﻫﺐ
ﺳﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ٣١ﻫـ،٣٤ﻫـ،٣٥ﻫـ،ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻦ:ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ،ﺝ٤،•
6. ٦
ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﻮﻥ ﻭﻳﺬﻛﺮﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥﺃﻥﺃﻭﻝﻏﺰ ﻣﻦﺍﺑ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔﻣﺮﺳﻼ ﺣﺪﻳﺞ ﻦ
ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻦﺃﰊﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥﺃﻳـﺍﷲ ﺭﺿـﻲ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺎﻡ
ﻋﻨﻪ)١(
.
ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﲔ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﻙ ﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭﰲ،ﲰﻊ ﻭﳌﺎ
ﲞﱪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲﻗﻨﺴﻄﺎﻧﺰﺍﻟﺜـﺎﱐ)٦٤١-٦٦٨ﻡ/٢١-٤٠ﻫــ(
ﺃﺳﻄﻮﻻﺩﻣـﺸﻖ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺎ ﻭﺑﻌﺜﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﱯ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻏﺎﺩﺭﻭﺍ
ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺝﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﱃ،ﺃﻣﺎﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴـﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ
ﻫﺬ ﻗﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻥ ﻓﺘﺬﻛﺮﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺮﺩ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺍﻫﻮﺃﻭﻟﻴﻤﺒﻴﻮﺱOLYMPIUSﺑﻌﺜـﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ
ﺍﻹﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﻳﲏ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺎﺭﺗﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺑﺎ ﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻗﻨﺴﻄﺎﻧﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ ﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭ،ﺍﻛﺘـﺸﻔﺖ ﻭﳌﺎ
ﺗﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺑﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﺆﺍﻣﺮﺓﺃﻭﻟﺍﳌـﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺿـﺪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﱃ ﻭﺍﲡﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺑﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻴﻤﺒﻴﻮﺱ،
ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻻﺳﻴﻤﺎ،ﻢﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭ ﻟﻜﻦﺃﻭﻟﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﻧـﺔ ﻴﻤﺒﻴﻮﺱ
ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﻴﺸﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮﻥ ﺗﻔﺸﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥﺃﻭﻟﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻴﻤﺒﻴﻮﺱ،ﺣـﺪﻳﺞ ﺑـﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳـﺔ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﻔﻰ
ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﱃ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻢ)٢(
.
ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻔﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﲟﺮﻭﺭ،ﻣﻊ ﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﺷﺘﺪﺍﺩﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻮﺫ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴـﻪ ﻭﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍ ﻲ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻢﲪﻼ،ﻟﻠﻨﻔـﻮﺫ ﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻥ
•ﺹ٢٨٨،٢٩٠،ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ:ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ،ﺝ٣،ﺹ٨٥،ﺹ٥٩،ﺹ١٠٢،ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﻥ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺭﲟﺎ
ﻳﺒﺪﺍﻭﺍ ﱂﺍﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﻦﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺇﻻﻋﺫﻟﻚ ﻦ.
١-ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﻓﺘﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺫﺭﻱ،ﺩ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ.ﺍﳌﻨﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻼﺡ،ﺍﻟﻌـﺮﰊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﳉﻨﺔ ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ،ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻫﺮﺓ١٩٥٦ﻡ،ﺍﻟﻘـﺴﻢﺍﻷﻭﻝ،
ﺹ٢٧٨،ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎ:ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻱ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ،ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﻮﺍﺕ،ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ١٩٦٣ﻡ،ﺹ٣٩.
ﻭﺧﻠـ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻘﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﶈﺪﺛﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﲔ ﺑﲔ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙﻂ
ﺍﳌﻠ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﺰﻭ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺓ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻳﺒﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢﻚﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﱃ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺒﻌﻮﺛﺎ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ
ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔﺑﻦﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺞ)٤٠-٦٠ﻫـ.(
٢-ﻳﻠﻴﻒ ﻓﺎﺯ:ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ،ﺩ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ.ﺍﳍﺎﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﳏﻤﺪﻱﺷﻌﲑﺓ،ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺩﺍﺭ،ﻣـﺼﺮ١٩٥٠ﻡ،ﺹ٦٣،ﻭﺃﻳـﻀﺎ:
ﺟﻮﺭﺩﻥ،ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ،ﻃﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺒﻌﺔ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ،ﻠﺪﺍ١٤،ﺹ٢٥٨.
7. ٧
ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ،ﺗﺘﺴﻊ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻏﺰﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﰲ،ﻛﻤﺎ
ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻣﻼﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ)١(
.
ﻏ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺸﻐﻞ ﻧﺼﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺃﻋﺪ ﺎﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ،ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﺰﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﻭﺩ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻊ،ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖﺃﻭﱃﻏﺰﻭﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍﺳﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺓ١٠٢ﻫـ/٧٢٠ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺃﻭﺱ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻡ)٢(
ﺍﺳـﺘﻐﻞ ﻭﻗﺪ
ﺍﻟﺒ ﺿﺪ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ)٣(
،ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﱄ ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﻟﻜﻦﺃﰊﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ
ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺃﻱ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺑﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﺠﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﺑﺮ ﻳﺪ،ﺃﺣـﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻼﺣـﻆ ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﳒﺎﺡ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻛﺒﲑ ﺍﺛﺮ ﳍﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﰲ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ
ﹰﺎﺃﻳﻀ ﻓﺸﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﰲ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ.
ﻗﺎﻡ ﻛﻤﺎﺳﻨﺔ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻐﺰﻭ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﱯ ﺻﻔﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﺮ١٠٩ﻫـ/٧٢٧ﻓﻐـﻨﻢ ﻡ
ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﱃ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ)٤(
.
ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﲪﻼﺕ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙﺍﻟـﺸﺎﻡ ﺑـﻼﺩ،
ﺧﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﻏﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎﱂ ﻭﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﱃ ﺗﺆﺩ،ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖﺣــﻤﻼﺕ
١-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ،ﺝ٤،ﺹ٣١.
٢-ﺃﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﺨﺎﺋﻴﻞ:ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ،ﺹ٢١٩.ﺍﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﻴﺨﺎﺋﻴﻞ،ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻠﺮﻡ ﰲ ﻭﻟﺪ١٧٠٦ﺭﲟـﺎ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻡ
ﺗﻨ ﻛﺎﻧﺖﺑﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻹﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﲡﺎﻫﻪ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺪﻝ ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻋﺮﰊ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺤﺪﺭ،ﳍﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲟﺎ ﻭﺍﻻﺷﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺛﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﲨﻊ
ﻴﺔﻧﻭﺍﳌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ.ﺛﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺷﺐ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﻓﻊ ﺑﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻛﺎﻥ
ﺑﻌﺎﻃ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻓﺤﺬﻕﻭﻻﺷﻚ ﻏﺮﻳﺰﻳﺔ ﻔﺔ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻭﺷﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻳﺪﺭﺱ ﺷﺒﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻭﺍﺧﺬ
ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﹰﺍﻭﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺋﺒﺎ ﻋﲔ،ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻋﻜﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺗﺮﻙ ﰒ.ﻋﺎﻡ ﻏﺎﺭﻳﺒﺎﻟﺪﻱ ﻟﻜﻦ١٨٢٠ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﻡ
ﻟﻠ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍ ﳒﺎﺣﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﳎﺪﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﱃﺍﻻﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌـﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻡ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ،ﺍﻋﺘـﺰﻝ ﰒ
ﻓـﻠﻮﺭﻧﺴﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻳﺪﺭﺱ ﻭﺍﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ،ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﺮﻗﲔ ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﻭﺗﺮﺃﺱ١٨٧٦ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﻡ١٨٨٩ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﻡ" :
ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ"،ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﲬﺴﺔ ﰲ،ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ"ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ"ﻣﺎ ﺍﻫﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﲨﻊﻋـﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻔﻮﻥ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ
ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ،ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ"ﺑﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺛـﺎﺭ"،ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ"ﺍﻟﻘـﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘـﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺣــﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻋﻦ ﻣـﺬﻛﺮﺓ
ﺍﻟﻜـﺮﱘ"ﺧﻠﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﺗـﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺟﺒﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﻇﻔﺮ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻉ ﺳﻠﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﱃ ﻭﺗﺮﺟﻢ،ﺍﻧﻈﺮ:ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﺍﲪﺪ
،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ،ﺹ٥،٦.
٣-ﻟﻮﻳﺲ ﺍﺭﺷﻴﺒﺎﻟﺪ:ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺣﻮﺽ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ،ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﲪﺪ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ،ﺍﳌـﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ،
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ)ﺩ.ﺕ(،ﺹ١٠٥.
٤-ﺃﻣﺎﺭﻱ،ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ،ﺹ٢٢٠.
8. ٨
ﺍﻷﻣﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮﻱ،ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳊﻤﻠﺔﺃﰊﺳﻨﺔ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ١٢٢ﻫـ/٧٤٠ﻡ،
ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻊ ﻭﻛﺎﻥﻳـﺸﻬﺪ ﱂ ﻇﻔـﺮﺍ ﻭﻇﻔـﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ
ﺳ ﻭﺣﺎﺻﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺜﻴﻼ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥﲑﺍﻛﻮﺯﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ،ﺍﳉﺰﻳـﺔ ﺩﻓـﻊ ﺍﱃ ﻭﺍﺿﻄﺮﻫﺎ،
ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻫﺪﻓﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻜﻤﻞ ﺣﱴ ﺓﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔﺍﷲ ﻋﺒﻴـﺪﺑـﻦ
ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎﻩ ﺍﳊﺒﺤﺎﺏﺍﻟﺴﻘﺎﺀ ﻣﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﺗﺰﻋﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﱪﺑﺮ ﺛﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﻘﻤﻊ)١(
،ﻗـﺪ ﻭﻛـﺎﻧﻮﺍ
ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺧﻠﻮ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺧﻄﻄﻮﺍ.
ﻋ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﺧﺘﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﰲﲪﻠﺔ ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻠﻰﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ
ﻋﺒﺪ ﺎ ﻗﺎﻡﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ–ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱﺃﻭﻛﺎﺩ–ﺣﻴﺚﺃﺭﺳﻞﺃﺧﺎﻩﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ
ﺳﻨﺔ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺑﻐﺰﻭﺓ١٣٥ﻫـ/٧٥٢ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺣﻘﻖ ﻡ)٢(
.
ﻟﻠﱪ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺜﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﻭﺩﺧﻠﺖﳑﺎ ﺑﺮ
ﺃﺩﻯﺇﱃﺍﻟ ﺗﻮﻗﻒـﻤﺤﺎﻭﻻﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺕﺃﺗﺎﺡﻳﻌﻤﻠـﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﺫﻟﻚ
ﺟﺒﻼ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﱂ ﻢﺍ ﺣﱴ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﲢﺼﲔ ﻋﻠﻰﺇﻻﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃـﻮﺭ ﻭﻧـﺸﻂ ﺣﺼﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻮﺍ
ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻗﺴﻄﻨﻄﲔ)٧٢٠-٧٤٠ﻡ/٩٢-١٢٢ﻫـ(ﻭﺑﻌـﺚ ﺍﳉﺰﻳـﺮﺓ ﲢﺼﲔ ﰲﺑﺄﺳـﻄﻮﻝ
ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ)٣(
.ﳜ ﻭﺍﺧﺬﻭﺍﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺗﻄﻮﻑ ﲟﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﰲ ﺮﺟﻮﻥ،ﲡـﺎﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻭﺍ ﻭﺍﺫﺍ
ﺃﺧﺬﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ)٤(
.ﳏ ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻔﺖﺎﻭﻻﺃﻥ ﺍﱃ ﻗـﺮﻥ ﻧـﺼﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺕ
ﺳﻨﺔ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ٢٠٤ﻫـ/٨١٩ﻋﺒﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻡﺍﻷ ﺍﷲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲﻭﻝﺃﻣـﲑ
ﺍﻷﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ،ﻣﻌﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖﺻـﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻗﺴﻄﻨﻄﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻼﻡ ﻫﺪﺓ
ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺎﻣﺪ،ﻭﺗﻮﱃﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓﺍﻷﻧـﺪﻟﺲ ﺃﻣﻮﻳـﻮ ﺻـﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﺿﺪ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﻔﺔ
ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍﺭﺳﺔ)٥(
.
١-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ،ﺝ٤،ﺹ٢٢٢.
٢-ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ،ﺝ٤،ﺹ٣٤٥.ﹰﺎﻭﺃﻳﻀ:ﻋﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ،ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ،ﺑـﲑﻭﺕ
١٩٨٣ﻡ،ﺹ٧٣.
٣-ﺍﲪﺪ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ،ﺹ١١.
٤-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ،ﺝ٤،ﺹ٢٢٢.
٥-ﺃﻣﺎﺭﻱ،ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ،ﺹ٣٣٢،٣٣٤،٢٧١.
9. ٩
ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﲔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻭﻳﺮﻯﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﻔـﺘﺢ ﺃﺧﺮﺕ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄ ﻧﺒﻬﺖ ﺎﻷ ﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲﻣﺎﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﱃ ﻴﲔﺇﻟﻴﻪﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥﻮﺑﺘﺤـﺼﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﻥ
ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ)١(
.ﺻـﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﴰﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺘﻤﻊﺍ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻥ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ
ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕﺳﻨﺔ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ١٣٥ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﲪﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺟﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻫـ)٢(
ﻭﺃﺗﺎﺡﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮ ﻟﺘﺤﺼﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﺍﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺓﺃﺧﺮﺷﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ.ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩ ﻫﺪﻓﻬﺎ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ﺎﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻥﺍﻹﻏـﺎﺭﺓ
ﺍﻟﻐﻨ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔﺎﺎﺍ ﺍﻻ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﰒ ﺋﻢﺃﻓﺎﺩﺕﰲ ﻳﻔﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺣﲔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ
ﻻﲣ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﲡﺎﺭﺏ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﺢﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻠﻮ)٣(
،ﺃﺣﺴﻨﻮﺍﺣﲔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ
ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺣﺎﻧﺖ.
ﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﻘﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ
١٨٩ﻫـ/٨٠٥ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻡ)٤(
،ﰲ ﺍﻟـﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻣﺮﺓ
ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﳘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲﻭﻻﻳ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﲑﺍ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺭﺳﺔ ﺔ١٨٧ﺩﻓﻊ ﰲ ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﻫـﺍﻷﻣﲑ
ﺍﻷﻏﻠﱯﺇﱃﺎ ﻭﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻋﻘﺪ)٥(
.
ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﲣﺮﻕ ﱂ ﺍﳍﺪﻭﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕﺇﱃﺍﻟﺜـﺎﱐ ﺍﻷﻏﺎﻟﺒـﺔ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻋﻬﺪﺃﰊ
ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱﺍﷲ ﻋﺒﺪﺑﻦﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢﻫﺎﺟﻢ ﺣﲔﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﻝﺍﻷﻏﻠﱯﺑﻌﺾﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ
ﻣﻴﺨﺎﺋﻴﻞﺍﻷﻭﻝ)٨١١-٨١٣ﻡ/١٩٦-١٩٨ﻫـ(ﺑﺈﺭﺳﺎﻝﺃﺳﻄﻮﻝﻭﲟﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺟﺮﳚﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ
ﺍﻹﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ،ﻭﺣﺪﺙﺍﻻﺳﻨﺔ ﺷﺘﺒﺎﻙ١٩٧ﻫـ/٨١٩ﻋﻘﺪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻡ
ﻭ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺟﺮﳚﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﲔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓﺃﰊﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﰎ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻋﺸﺮ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﱯ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ
١-ﻋﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﻲ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ،ﺹ٣١.
٢-ﻋ ﺇﺣﺴﺎﻥﺒﺎﺱ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ،ﺹ٣٢.
٣-ﺩ.ﺩﻳﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﺎﺑﺮ،ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺣﻮﺽ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ،ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﺎﱂ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ١٩٧٣ﻡ،ﺹ٧٥.
٤-ﻓﺎﺯﻳﻠﻴﻒ،ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ،، ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊﺹ٦٣٥،ﹰﺎﻭﺃﻳﻀ:ﻟﻮﻳﺲ،ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ،ﺹ١٦٥.
٥-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺝ ، ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ٥،ﺹ٧٦.
10. ١٠
ﺍﻷﺳﺮﻯﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻫﻢﺍﳌﺴﻠ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻤﲔ)١(
.ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺟﺪﺩﺕ ﰒ
ﺍﻷ ﺍﷲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﻬﺪ ﰲﻭﻝ)٢٠١-٢٢٣ﻫـ/٨١٦-٨٣٧ﻡ()٢(
ﺍﻷ ﺍﷲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺧﺬﻭﻝﻋﺪﺓ ﹰﺍﻣﺘﺨﺬ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺪﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻘـﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ
ﻋﻠ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺤﻮﺫ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺗﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﱪﺑﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺍﺕﻛـﺎﻥ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﳎﻬﻮﺩ ﺃﻱ ﻰ
ﺃﻋﺪ ﻗﺪﻩ)٣(
،ﺩﻋﻢ ﻛﻤﺎﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﻝﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ،ﺑﺘـﻮﺟﻴﻬﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺮﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﺍﻥ ﻭﺭﺃﻯ
ﺇﱃﺣﻮﺽ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻃﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﱃ ﻭﲢﻮﻳﻠﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺷﻐﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ
ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ)٤(
.ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﺮﻗﺐ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻛﻤﺎﻭﺍﻥ
ﺍﻹﻳﺴﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﻴﻮ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻷﺑﺎﻃﺮﺓ)٧١٧-٧٤٠ﻡ/٩٩-١٢٣ﻫـ(ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻳﺘﺨﺬﻭﻥ ﺑﺪﺃﻭﺍ
ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻭﺋﺔﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﻝﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃـﻮﺭ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻬـﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿـﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻔﻬﻢ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ
ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ)٥(
.
ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﰲ٨٢٦ﻡ/٢١١ﻗـﺴﻄﻨﻄﲔ ﺻـﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻴﺨﺎﺋﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﲔ ﻫـ
ﻣ ﺳﺮﻋﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺎﺩﺏﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﻝﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲﻳﻮﻓﻤﻴـﻮﺱEUPHEMIUS،
)ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑﺑﺎﺳﻢﻓﻴﻤﻲ(ﻫﻮﻣﻮﻧﻴﺰﺍ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺔ ﻏﺮﺍﻡ ﰲ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ
HOMONIZAﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ،ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺝ ﳍﺬﺍ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﻓﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ،
ﻗﺴﻄﻨ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻴﺨﺎﺋﻴﻞ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﻧﻔﻪ ﲜﺬﻉ ﻓﻴﻤﻲ ﲟﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﻄﲔ،ﺍﻟﻮﺣـﺪﺍﺕ ﲟـﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﻴﻤﻲ ﻓﺜﺎﺭ
ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ،ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻞﺳﲑﺍﻛﻮﺯ)ﺳﺮﻗﺴﻄﺔ(ﻭﺃﻋﺪﻣـﻪ ﻭﺃﺳـﺮﻩ ﺑﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﲔ ﻫﺰﳝﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻗﻊ،
ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻧﺎﺩﻯﺇﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﺍﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﳓﺎﺀ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻧﺼﺐ)٦(
.ﺇﻻﺃﻥﻭﻳـﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﺃﺣـﺪﻫﻢ
ﺑﻼﻃﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ،ﻟﻺﻣﱪﺍ ﻭﻻﺀﻩ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻦ ﺿﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﻡﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ ﻃﻮﺭ،ﻭﻫﺰﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﰲ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ
١-ﻓﺎﺯﻳﻠﻴﻒ،ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ،ﺹ٦٤،ﺟﻮﺭﺩﻭﻥ،ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ،ﺝ١٤،ﺹ٢٥٩.
٢-ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻱ،ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻝ،ﻣﺮﺟﻊﺳﺎﺑﻖ،ﺹ٣٣.
٣-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺝ ، ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ٥،ﺹ١٨٥،ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ،ﺹ١٧٩.
٤-ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﺍﲪﺪ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ،ﺹ٦٠.
٥-ﺩ.ﺍﲪﺪ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ،ﻣﺮﺟﻊﺳﺎﺑﻖ،ﺹ١٣.
٦-ﻓﺎﺯﻳﻠﻴﻒ،ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ،ﺹ٧٠.
11. ١١
ﻟﻠﻬﺮﺏ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﻩ ﳑﺎﺇﱃﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎﻭﺍﻻﻟﺘﺠﺎﺀﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﷲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﱃ،ﻓـﺘﺢ ﰲ ﺭﻏﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ
ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ،ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ)١(
.
ﺍﻷﻏﻠﱯ ﺍﷲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻫﻮﻯ ﻓﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺷﺪﺓ ﻟﻘﻴﺖﻣ ﺍﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪﻦﺍﺳﺘـﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ
ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ﺃﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﻛﺒﲑ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ،ﺍﺫ
ﺭﺃﻯﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻘﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺍﻟﻼﺋﻖ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ،ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ
ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻭﻧﻘﻀﻮﺍ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﺃﻥ،ﳛﺘﻔﻈﻮﻥ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﻢﻭﺃﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﺩﺍﻷﺳﺮﻯﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ)٢(
.
ﻭﻗﺪﺃﺣﺎﻝﺍﻟﺸﻬﲑﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺿﻴﻲ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓﺃﰊﻭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﳏﺮﺯﺃﺳـﺪﺑـﻦ
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ،ﺍﻷ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻛﺎﻥﻭﻝﺃﻋﻠﻦ ﰒ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻭﰱ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﲨﻊﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿﺘﻪ،ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ
ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﺑﺈﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﱃ ﲝﻤﺎﺱ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺭﺃﻱ،ﲟﺸ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻮﺭﺗﻪ)٣(
.
ﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻛﺎﻥﺃﺳﺪﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺩﻓﻊ ﰲ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻦﺍﻻﻣـﺎﻡ،ﰎ ﻭﻟـﺬﻟﻚ
ﻟﻠﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﺪﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ.ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻭﻳﺮﻯ
ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﱵ،ﻛﻬﺬﻩ ﻓﺘﺢ ﳊﻤﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﺪﺍ ﻓﻘﻴﻬﺎ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﺫ.ﺍﻟـﺼﻔﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻤـﺎ
ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩﻳﺔﻗﻮﻝ ﻳﺆﻛﺪﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﻠﺔﺃﺳﺪﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺑﻦ" :ﳚﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﱃ ﺃﺣﻮﺟﻬﻢ ﻓﻤﺎ)ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﺃﻱ(
ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ")٤(
.
ﻭﻋﺪ ﺍﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﰎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﱂ
ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﲟﻠﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﻲ)٥(
.ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻟﻜﻦﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﻭﻃﺎ:ﻓﻴﻤﻲ ﳛﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻥﺑﻠﻘـﺐ
ﺇﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭ،ﺍﻷﻏﻠﱯ ﻟﻸﻣﲑ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺔ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻥ،ﺍﻷﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﲜﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻭﺍﻥ،ﻭﺃﻥﻳـﺴﻠﻢ
ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺟﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﻞ،ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﻑ ﺍﺫﺍﺇﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﺍﻭﺃﻣﺪﻭﻩﺑﺎﳌـﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ،ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻭ
ﻧﺎﺋﺒﻪ ﻭﻓﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭ ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ)٦(
،ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﲔ ﺍﻥ ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻭﻳﻬﺘﻤـﻮﺍ ﱂ
١-ﺍﳌﻨﻌ ﻋﺒﺪﻢﻣﺎﺟﺪ،ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ،ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ١٩٦٦ﻡ،ﺹ٩٨.
٢-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺝ ، ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ٥،ﺹ١٨٦.
٣-ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ،ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﻋﻦ ﹰﻼﻧﻘ:ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ ﺭﻳﺎﺽ،ﺹ١٨٠.
٤-ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﻲ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ،ﺹ٣٦.
٥-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺝ ، ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ٥،ﺹ١٨٧.
٦-ﻓﺎﺯﻳﻠﻴﻒ،ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ،ﺹ٧١،ﺭﻗﻢ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻭﻧﻔﺲ)١. (
12. ١٢
ﺧﺎﺿ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﺍﷲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻬﺎﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﺜﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻓﺘﺤﺎ
ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﱯ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻻﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ.
ﲢﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻭﺟﻬﺰﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻭﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﺍﳊﻤﻠﺔ ﻻﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻛﻞ ﺍﲣﺬﺕ،
ﻭﺃﺳﻠﺤ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﻦﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻒ ﻋﺸﺮ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺍﱃ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﻣﺆﻥ ﺔ
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺪﻟﺴﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ،ﻭﻣﺎﺑﲔﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ)١(
.
ﻭﺃﻗﻠﻊﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﻝﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲﺑﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓﺃﺳﺪﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺳﻮﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺳﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻦ
ﺍﻷ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦﻭﻝﺳﻨﺔ٢١٢ﻫـ/١٤ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻪ٨٢٧ﻡ.ﺃ ﺍﱃ ﻭﻭﺻﻞﻭﻫﻲ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻗﺮﺏ
ﻣﺎﺯﺭ ﻣﺮﺳﻰMAZARAﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﰲﺇﻗﻼﻋﻪﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛـﺎﺀ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﻱ١٨ﺍﻷ ﺭﺑﻴـﻊﻭﻝ،١٧
ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻪ)٢(
.ﻭﱂﻏ ﻟﻪ ﲣﺮﺝﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﲑ،ﻳﺄﺳﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉﻓﺈﺫﺍﻓﺄﻃﻠﻖ ﻓﻴﻤﻲ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻲ
ﺳﺮﺍﺣﻬﺎ،ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﳌﺎﺃﺳﺪﻃﻠﺐ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻔﻴﻤﻲ ﻻﻳﺜﻖﺇﻟﻴﻪﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﻳﻌﺘﺰﻝ ﺃﻥﻳﻀﻌ ﻭﺃﻥﻮﺍ
ﲟﻜﺮﻭﻩ ﻻﻳﺼﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﺣﱴ ﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ،ﺃﻥ ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻭﺍﺃﺳﺪﺍﻟﻴـﻮﻡ ﻣﻨـﺬ ﻓﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍ
ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻟﻠﻤﻌﺮﻛﺔ،ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﺰﻣﺎﻡ ﳝﺴﻚ ﻭﺃﻥ)٣(
.
ﻭﻳﻮﻡ١٧ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ١٥ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄـﻲ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺟﻴﺶ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺖ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻪ
ﺑﻼﻃﻪ،ﺍﱃ ﺑﻼﻃﻪ ﻭﻫﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮﻗﺘـﻞ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻗﻠﻮﺭﻳـﻪ ﺍﱃ ﻭﻣﻨـﻪ ﻗﺼﺮﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻘﻞ
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ)٤(
.ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻻﻣﺘﻼﻙ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎ ﺻﺮﺍﻋﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ،ﻛـﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﻐـﺎﱎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﺃﺻﺎﺏ،
ﺣﺼﻮﻥ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻻﻣﺘﻼﻙ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ.
ﺗﻮﺟﻪﺃﺳﺪﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺻﻮﺏ ﻣﺎﺯﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻦﺳﲑﺍﻛﻮﺯﺍﻟﻘـﺴﻢ ﰲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ
ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ،ﺣﺼﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺮﺑﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ"ﺃﻛﺮﺍ"ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰﻭﺍﻟـﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻮﻓﺪ
ﳓﻮ ﻻﻳﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﺗﻔﻘﻮﺍ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺧﺪﻋﻮﻩﺳﲑﺍﻛﻮﺯﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ)٥(
.ﻓﻮﺍﻓـﻖﺃﺳـﺪﻭﱂ
١-ﺃﻣﺎﺭﻱ:ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ،ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ:ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺭﻳﺎﺽ،ﺹ١٨٠،ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ،ﺝ٥،ﺹ١٨٧،ﻭﺗﻮﺻـﻞ
ﺍ ﺑﻌﺾﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﻒ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻋﺪﺩ ﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ.ﻋﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ،ﺝ١،ﺹ٢٥٤.
٢-ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ،ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ:ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ ﺭﻳﺎﺽ،ﺹ١٨١.
٣-ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﻲ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ،ﺹ٥٠.
٤-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺝ ، ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ٥،ﺹ١٠٧.
٥-ﺍﺳ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻓﻴﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍ ﻓﺎﺯﻳﻠﻴﻒ ﻭﻳﺬﻫﺐﻓﻌﻼ ﺘﻠﻢ٥٠،٠٠٠ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ،ﻓـﺎﺯﻳﻠﻴﻒ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ:ﺍﻟﻌـﺮﺏ
ﻭﺍﻟـﺮﻭﻡ،ﺹ٧٦.
13. ١٣
ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺣﻴﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻡ،ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﲢﺼﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﺪﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺫ،ﻛﻨﻮﺯﻫـﺎ ﻭﻧﻘﻞ
ﺣﺮﰊ ﻣﺪﺩ ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍ ﺎﻭﺛﺮﻭﺍﺍﻟﻔـﺘﺢ ﻫﺎﻟـﻪ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﻣﻴﺨﺎﺋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﳝﺪﻫﻢ
ﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ،ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻢﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺍﻹﻣﺪﺍﺩﻛﺮﻳﺖ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ)١(
.ﻭﻳـﺪﺍﻓﻊ
ﻣﻮﻗ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﲔ ﺑﻌﺾﻒﺃﺳﺪﻣﻬﺎﲨﺔ ﰲ ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻦﺳﲑﺍﻛﻮﺯﺇﱃﺍﻟﺘـﻬﻴﺆ ﰲ ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻪ
ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺼﲔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﳊﺼﺎﺭﻫﺎ،ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓﺑﺎﻟﻐﻨـﺎﺋﻢ ﻣـﺜﻘﻼ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻴﺸﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ
ﻭﻟﺘ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺮﻯﻨﺍﱃ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻣﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺎﻗﺺﺳﲑﺍﻛﻮﺯ،ﺃﻧـﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ
ﻣﻦ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﻣﺪﺩﺍ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﺎﻥﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎﻭﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ)٢(
.
ﺃﺩﺭﻙﺃﺳﺪﺳﻮﻯ ﺗﻔﺪ ﱂ ﺍﳍﺪﻧﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺧﺪﻋﻮﻩ ﻢﺃ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻦﺃﻋـﺪﺍﺀﻩ،ﺃﻥ ﻛﻤـﺎ
ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ ﲞﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﻤﻲﺃﻫﻞ ﻳﺮﺍﺳﻞ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺣﲔﺳﲑﺍﻛﻮﺯﻭﺍﻟـﺼﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺒـﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﳛﻀﻬﻢ
ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ)٣(
ﳚﺪ ﻭﱂﺃﺳﺪﶈﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻔﺮﺍﺳﲑﺍﻛﻮﺯﻭﲝﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍ،ﲝـﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﻗـﺎﻡ
ﻣﻴﻟﺪﻳـﻪ ﺍﳊـﺼﺎﺭ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﳜﺘﺮﻗﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﱂ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻨﺎﺋﻴﻬﺎ،
ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻴﺸﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺁﻟﺔ ﻻﳝﻠﻚ ﺁﻻﻑ،ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ
ﺍﳌﺪﺩ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮﺍ ﺣﺼﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻨﻴﻌﺎ ﲢﺼﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﺼﻨﺔ)٤(
.
ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ ﺍﱃ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﺩ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ،ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﱃ ﲤﺘﺪ ﺍﳊﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺟﻌﻞ ﳑﺎ،ﻭﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮ
ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﰲﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ،ﻗﺎﺋﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢﺃﺳﺪﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻦ
ﺳﻨﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ٢١٣ﻫـ/٨٢٨ﻡ)٥(
.
ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﻗﺎﺋﺪﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﺃﰊﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭﻱ،ﺍﻟـﱵ ﻟﻠﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﺍ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﲢﻴﻂ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ،ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺼﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺗﻘﺮﺭ ﻓﻘﺪﺳﲑﺍﻛﻮﺯﻭﺍﻟﻌـﻮﺩﺓﺇﱃﴰـﺎﻝ
ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ،ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖﺍﻹﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﺖ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔﳉﺰﻳـﺮﺓ،ﻓﻤﻨـﻊﺍﻷﺳـﻄﻮﻝ
ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﺘﻮﻏﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﺳﻔﻨﻬﻢ ﺣﺮﻕ ﺍﱃ ﻓﺎﺿﻄﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﳌﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ
١-ﺍﲪﺪ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ،ﺹ١٤.
٢-ﺃﻣﺎﺭﻱ:ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ،ﺹ٢٢٣.
٣-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺝ ، ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ٥،ﺹ١٨٧.
٤-ﻓﺎﺯﻳﻠﻴﻒ،ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ،ﺹ٧٧.
٥-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺝ ، ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ٥،ﺹ١٨٧،ﻭﻓﺎﺯﻳﻠﻴﻒ،ﺹ٨٠.
14. ١٤
ﺟﺮﺟﻨﺖ ﻭﺣﺼﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﻮ ﺣﺼﻦ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﻮﺍ ﺣﱴ)١(
،ﺍﳍﺎﻣـﺔ ﻗﺼﺮﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﻗﺼﺪﻭﺍ ﰒ
ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﻭﺻﻞﻛﻮﻁ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ)ﺛﻴﻮﺩﻭﺱ(،ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﻴﺸﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ٢١٣ﻫــ/٨٢٨ﰲ ﻡ
ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ،ﻗ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺼﺮﻳﺎﻧﻪ،ﺃﻧﻔـﺴﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﺑﺪﺃﻭﺍ
ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺴﻚ ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﻢﺃ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ﳌﺰﻳﺪﺃﰊﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭﻱ.ﺍﻟﺬﻱ
ﳍﻢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﻗﺎﺋﺪﺍ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﰱ ﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﺒﺚ.
ﺍ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﻛﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺗﲔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺣﺪﺛﺖﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﱃﺇﻻﻭﺳﻂ ﺃﻧﻪ
ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺎ ﲤﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ،ﺍﳊﺴﺒﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﺎﱂ ﺣﺪﺙ،ﺍﱃ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ
ﺳﻨﺔ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ٢١٤ﻫـ/٨٢٩ﺃﻧﺪﻟـﺴﻴﲔ ﳎﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﲑ ﺃﺳﻄﻮﻝ ﻡ)٢(
ﻛﻤـﺎ
ﻭﺻﻠﺖﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ،ﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﲢﺪﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﻮﺍ
ﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺷﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺮﻡ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻳﻔﺘﺤﻮﺍ ﺍﻥ ﲢﺮﻛﺎﺕ٢١٦ﻫـ/١٤ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ٨٣١ﻡ،ﻭﺍﲣﺬﻭﻫﺎ
ﳍﻢ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ)٣(
،ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ،ﺍﱃ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺠـﺎﺀ ﻋـﻦ ﺍﳌـﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﲎ
ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻼﻉ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻥ،ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺑﺄﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﲝﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﻬﻲﻢﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ
ﺍﳌﺆﻥﻭﺍﻹﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕﺗﻮﻧﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ،ﻋـﺴﺎﻛﺮﻫﻢ ﺗﺰﻭﻳـﺪ ﰲ ﺧﺼﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ
ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻥ)٤(
.
ﻣﻦ ﺣﻜﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﻧﻘﻞﺇﱃ ﺳﲑﺍﻛﻮﺯﻳـﺄﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺼﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﻴﻌﺔ ﻗﺼﺮﻳﺎﻧﻪ
ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﲔ ﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﺳﻘﻮﻁﺃﳓﺎﺀﺍﳉﺰﻳـﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ
ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﱴﺳﻨﺔ٢٨٨ﻫـ/٨١٤ﻣﺴﻴﻨﻴﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﻤﻜﻨﻮﺍ ﻡ)٥(
،ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﲝﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ
ﻭﺍﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﻀﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﺮﻑ،ﰲ ﺃﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ ﺧﻄـﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔـﺘﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺷﻜﻞ
ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺃﻗﺪﺍﻣﻬﻢ ﻳﺜﺒﺘﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳍﻢ ﻭﺃﺗﺎﺡ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝ)٦(
.
١-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺝ ، ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ٥،ﺹ١٨٧،ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ،ﺹ٤٥٤.
٢-ﺑ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺴﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﻝ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺗﺬﻛﺮـﻣﺎﺑﲔ ﻠﻐﻮﺍ٢٠،٠٠٠ﻭ٣٠،٠٠٠ﺭﺟﻞ،ﲢﻤﻠﻬﻢ٣٠٠ﻣﺮﻛﺐ،
ﺍﻧﻈﺮ:ﺩ.ﺍﲪﺪ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ،ﺹ١٦.
٣-ﺃﻣﺎﺭﻱ:ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ،ﺹ٢٢٣.
٤-ﻟﻮﻳﺲ،ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ،ﺹ٢١٣،ﻭﻓﺎﺯﻳﻠﻴﻒ،ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ،ﺹ١١٨.
٥-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺝ ، ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ٥،ﺹ٢٦٨.
٦-ﻟﻮﻳﺲ،ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ،ﺹ٢١٤.
15. ١٥
ﺗﻠﻘﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻰﺑﻘﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﲤﻜﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﻮﻥ ﻫﺎ
ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻣﲑ،ﰲ ﻗﺼﺮﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻦ١٥ﺳﻨﺔ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ٢٤٤ﻫـ/٢٤ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ٨٥٩ﻡ
ﻭﻓﺸﻠﺖﳏﺎﻭﻻﺕﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺛﻠﺜﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺴﻴﻄﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺎﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ)١(
.
ﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﻓﺸﻠﺖﳏﺎﻭﻻﺕﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﺬﳍﺎﺳﲑﺍﻛﻮﺯ،ﻣﻨﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﱃ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻭﻟﻌﻞ
ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺻـﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ ﲟﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻭﺍﺗﺼﺎﳍﺎ
ﰲ ﻭﺟـﺪﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴـﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﻴﺰﻧﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ
ﲣﻮﺿﻬ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﺃﺣـﺪ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫـﺎ ﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺎ
ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﰲ)٢(
.
ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ ﻟﻘﺪﺍﶈﺎﻭﻻﺕﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﺬﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﱵﺳﲑﺍﻛﻮﺯﻗـﺼﺮﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻓـﺘﺢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ
ﰲ ﺑﻘﺎﺀﻫـﺎ ﺃﻥ ﰒ ﻧـﺎﻗﺺ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻮﺍﺫﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﺃﻳﺪﻱﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢﻟﻠﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ،ﺍﷲ ﺃﺫﻥ ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ
ﰲ ﺧﻔﺎﺟﻪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻣﲑ١٤ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ٢٦٤ﻫـ/٢١ﻣﺎﺭﺱ٨٧٨ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻡ
ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﲝﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﻱ)٣(
.ﺣﺼﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﻟﻘﺪﺳﲑﺍﻛﻮﺯ
ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻋﺠﺐ ﺃﺛﺎﺭﺕ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺣﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺁﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮﺍ،ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﲤﻜﻨﻮﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ
ﻓﻤﻨﻌﻮﺍﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻣﻌﻮﻧﺔ ﻛﻞ،ﺍﳌـﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻄـﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﺍﳉﻮﻉ ﻓﻌﻤﻞ
ﺳﻘﻮﻃﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﺛﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔ)٤(
.
ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺬﺍﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻃﺮﻕ ﺯﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﻠﻜﻮﺍ
ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ،ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﻮﺍ ﺣﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭﺗﺄﻛﺪﺕﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔﻭﺑﻌﺪ
ﻣﻊ ﻭﺍﳍﺰﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﻝﻧﺸﻂ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲﶈﺎﻭﻟﺔﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ
ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪﺍ.ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳـﺔ ﰲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﺒﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻ
١-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺝ ، ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ٥،ﺹ٢٩٠،ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ،ﺹ٢٣٢.
٢-Bury , A history of the Roman Empire , P.307.
٣-ﺍﻻ ﺍﺑﻦﺛﲑ،ﺝ ، ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ٥،ﺹ٣٧٠،ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ،ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﻣﺆﺭﺥ،)ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ(،ﺹ١٦٦.
٤-ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﻲ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ،ﺹ٧١،ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺼﻒ ﺻﻘﻠﻲ ﻟﺮﺍﻫﺐ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﹰﻼﻧﻘﻭﺃﺳـﺒﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﲑﺍﻛﻮﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺴﻼﻡ
ﻧﻈﺮﻩ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ،ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ.
16. ١٦
ﻓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺮﺳﻪ ﺣﺮﺏ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﺣﲔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔﻃﱪﻣﲔ ﺘﺢ
ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﰲ٢٨٩ﻫـ/ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ٩٠٢ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻡﺃﰊﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ
ﺍﷲ ﻋﺒﺪﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ،ﺳـﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﺍﻻﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ ﻟﺘﻮﱄ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎﻩ ﺍﺫﺍﻷﺏﺍﱃ
ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ ﺧﺸﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﺯﻱ ﻻﺑﺴﺎ ﺯﺍﻫﺪﺍ ﳎﺎﻫﺪﺍ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ،ﰒ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺯﻣﺎﺍﳊﺞ
ﺍﱃﻣﻜﺔ)١(
،ﺧﺮﺝ ﺣﻴﺚﺑﺄﺳﻄﻮﻝﻳﻬﺰﻣـﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﺩ ﻃﺎﺣﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﻭﺏ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻮﺳﻪ ﻣﻦ
ﻓﻴﻬﺎ،ﺣﺎﻣﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺴﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ)٢(
.ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻟﻴﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﻃﱪﻣﲔ)٨٨٦-٩١٢ﻡ/٢٧٣-٣٠٠ﻫـ(ﻭﺑﻘﻲ
ﻻﻳﻠ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺳﺒﻌﺔﺍﱃ ﺫﻟـﻚ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﺿﻴﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺰﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ ﺒﺲ
ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﰲ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻌﻘﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺿﻌﻒ)٣(
.
ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺳﺒﻌﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﻧﺮﻯ ﻭﻛﻤﺎﺃﺳﺪﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻔـﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻦ
ﺃﻭﻝﺳﻨﺔ ﻻﺯﺭ ﺑﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ٢١٢ﻫـ/٩٠٢ﻡ،ﻓﺘـﺮﻭ ﻭﻫﻲﺍﻟﻔـﺘﺢ ﻷﻥ ﻃﻮﻳﻠـﺔ
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ
ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻌﺚ)٤(
.
ﺟﺪﻳـﺪﺓ ﻣﻮﺍﻗـﻊ ﺍﱃ ﻢﺳﻴﺎﺩ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﻖ ﻭﻗﺪ
ﺎﺑﺜﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻭﺍ،ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖﻣﻦﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻭﻣﻘﺪﺭﺍﺗـﻪ،ﺣﻴـﺚ
ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺣﱴ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺗﺴﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺃﻭﺝ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻠﻐﺖﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺮﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣـﺎﺕ
ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﲝﲑﺓ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ.
ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﲢﻤﻲ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺍﺫ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺿﺎ ﺣﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ
،ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺄﻣﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ)٥(
.
١-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺍﺝ ، ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ٦،ﺹ٥،٦.
٢-ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ،ﻬﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺥﻝ،ﺹ٦٦٨.
٣-ﻟﻮﻳﺲ،ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ،ﺹ٢٢٨.
٤-ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺇﺣﺴﺎﻥ،ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ،ﺹ٣٥.
٥-ﻟﻮﻳﺲ،ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ،ﺹ٢٤٩.
17. ١٧
ﻣ ﻛﻤﺎﻛـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴـﺔ ﻟﻺﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﻟﺼﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻛﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺜﻞ
ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﻭﺑﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ،ﺧـﺴﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﻜﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ
ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔﻓﺎﺩﺣﺔ،ﻟﻔﻘﺪﺍﻥﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑﻭﺳـﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠـﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ
ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ،ﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺮ ﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﰲ ﲢﻮﻝ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﳍﺰﳝﺔ
ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ،ﺑﻴﺰﻧﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖﺇﱃﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ)١(
ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ،ﻭﺑـﺪﺃ
ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻭﻥﰲﺍﻻﺛـﺮ ﳍﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻳﻨﺸﺌﻮﻥ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ
ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓﺍﻹﺳـﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﱪﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﺍﱃ.
١-ﻃﺮﺧﺎﻥ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ،ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ،ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺳﺠﻞ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ١٩٦٦ﻡ،ﺹ٩٦.
18. ١٨
ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ
ﺍﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﱏ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻷﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﺧﺬﺕﺍﻟـﱵ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻴﺎﺭ
ﺑﺮﺯﺕ،ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﲰﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ)١(
ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ،ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻴﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲰﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ.
ﻭﺗﺪﻳﻦﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔﺍﷲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺍﱃ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﱃﺍﻟـﺸﻴﻌﻲ،ﺍﺣـﺪ ﻭﻫـﻮ
ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻻ ﻭﺍﲡﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻵﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﻤﺴﲔ،ﻟﻔﺮﻳ ﺃﺩﺍﺋﻪ ﻭﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀﺑﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻀﺔ
ﻛﺘﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ،ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﺍﻟﱪﺑﺮ ﻗﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻫﻲ-ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺮ ﺍﻭﺭﺍﺱ ﺟﺒﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺗﻨـﺰﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ
ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ–ﺍﻻﲰﺎﻋﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﻢ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻂ،ﻟﻠـﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺑﻼﺩﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺩﻋﻮﻩ
ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﳌﺬﻫﺒﻪ،ﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﻭﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻓﻘﺒﻞ٢٨٨ﻫـ)٢(
.
ﺍﷲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻜﺚﻳﺪﻋﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﳉﺬﺏ ﺳﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﻮ،ﺑﻌـﺪ ﰒ
ﰲ ﺍﶈﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻘـﻮﻯ ﻳﻬﺰﻡ ﺍﻥ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳊﺮﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ
ﺍﻷﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ،ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺘﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ،ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺳـﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ،
ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻳﻌﻠﻦ ﻭﺍﻥ)٣(
.
ﻭﻳﺬﻛـﺎﻭﺇ ﻛـﺒﲑﺍ ﺩﻋﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﻋﻤﺖ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺮ
ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺣﺮﻭﺑﺎ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻋﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻪ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺕ،ﻓﺘـﺮﺓ ﻭﺧـﻼﻝ
ﻣـﻦ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻋﻦ ﹰﻼﻓﻀ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻭﺳﻼﺡ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺟﻨﺪ ﺫﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺻﺎﺭ ﻗﺼﲑﺓ
ﺍﻟ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻛﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱﺸﻴﻌﻲ)٤(
.
ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﺎﻡﻟﻠﻘﺪﻭﻡ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ
ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺍﷲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻬﻴﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﱃﻳﻌـﻴﺶ ﺍﳌﻬـﺪﻱ
١-ﺩﻗﻤﺎﻕ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻃﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺳﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﲔ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮ،ﺩ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ.ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪﺡﻋﺎﺷﻮﺭ،ﺃﻡ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ،ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻣﻜﺔ،)ﺩ.ﺕ(ﺹ١٩٥.
٢-ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﲪﺪ،ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﰲ،ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ،ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ١٩٨٢ﻡ،ﺹ٢٤٤.
٣-ﺗﺎﻣ ﻋﺎﺭﻑﺮ،ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ،ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﺩﺍﺭ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ١٤٠٢ﻫـ،ﺹ٣٣.
٤-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ،ﺝ٦،ﺹ١٢٧.
19. ١٩
ﻋﺒﻴـﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﺯﻱ ﰲ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﺗﻨﻜﺮ ﺍﻋﺠﺎﺯﻳﺔ ﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻼﺩ ﰲ ﻣﺘﺨﻔﻴﺎ ﺧﺎﺋﻔﺎ
ﻣﻦﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻼﺩﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﱃ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﱃ،ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻷﺩﱏ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺑﻼﺩ ﰲ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻭﱂ
ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻋﻴﻪﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲﺍﻷﻗـﺼﻰ ﺍﳌﻐـﺮﺏ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻷﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺮﺑﺎ ﳜﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﻲ
ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻦ ﰲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺳﺠﻠﻤﺎﺳﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﱃ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺣﻴﺚ)١(
ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﺔ
ﻟﻮﺷﺎﻳﺔﻳﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﻦ.ﺳﺠﻠﻤﺎﺳـﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ
ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻧﻘﺎﺫﻩ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ)٢(
.
ﺳـﻨﺔ ﻟـﻪ ﻋﺎﺻـﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﲣﺬﻫﺎ ﻟﻸﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺭﻗﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﺍﲡﻪ
٢٩٧ﻫـ،ﺍﳉﺪﻳ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺟﻨﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﻣﺔ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻭﺯﻉﺪﺓ،ﻳـﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻄﺒـﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ
ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﺄﻣﲑ ﺗﻠﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ،ﺑﺎﲰﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﺖ)٣(
.
ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻏﺘﻴﺎﻝ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭﺃﻭﻝﺳـﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﻲ
٢٩٨ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻱ ﻫـﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔﻛـﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻲ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺳﺒﺐﻥ
ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﺜﺎﺭ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ،ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺷﺆﻭﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﳛﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ)٤(
.
ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻛﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ،ﻫـﻮ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ
ﺭﻋـﺎﻳﻬﻢ ﻧﻔﻮﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﺎﺗﻐﲑﺕ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﻮﻥ ﺣﺼﲔ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﱃ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻴﲔ ﺷﻌﻮﺭ،
ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﺔﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﻻﻳﻔﻲ ﻓﺴﻴﺢ ﺳﻬﻞ ﻭﺳﻂ ﰲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺭﻗﺎﺩﺓ،ﻭﺑﻨﻴـﺖ
ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﺗﻮﻧﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺷﺎﻃﺊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ
ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻥ)٥(
.
ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﲣﺬﻫﺎ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﱃ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻠﻄﺘﻪ ﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ،
ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﻳﻬﻤﻨﺎﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﱃ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺐ ﺎﻣﺸﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﺫ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﱃ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ
١-ﺃ ﻷﻥ ﺣﻴﺎ ﺑﻘﺎﺋﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﲔ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻫﻨﺎﻙﻣﻳﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻚ ﻗﺪ ﻣﺪﺭﺍﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﻊ ﲑﻫﺎ
،ﻧﺴ ﺣﻮﻝ ﹰﺍﻛﺒﲑ ﺧﻼﻓﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻤﺎﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻮﺽ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻴﲔ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﺐ
٢-ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ،ﺹ٢٣٠.
٣-ﺍﺑﻦﺩﻗﻤﺎﻕ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ،ﺹ١٩٦.
٤-ﺍﻻﺛﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ،ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ،ﺝ٦،ﺹ١٣٤.
٥-ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ،ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ،ﺹ٢٣١.