1. Optical
microscope
in laboratory
Presenter : Khizra Samad

2.  The
optical microscope, often referred to as the
"light microscope“.
 It
is a type of microscope which uses visible light
and a system of lenses to magnify images of small
samples.
 Optical
microscopes are the oldest design of
microscope and were possibly designed in 17th
century.
 Basic
optical microscopes can be very simple, but
there are many complex designs which aim to
improve resolution and sample contrast.

3. Cont..

Historically optical microscopes were easy to develop
and are popular because they use visible light so that
samples may be directly observed by eye.

The image from an optical microscope can be captured
by normal light-sensitive cameras to generate a
micrograph.

Originally images were captured by photographic film

Modern developments in CMOS and charge-coupled
device (CCD) cameras allow the capture of digital
images.

Purely digital microscopes are now available which use
CCD camera to examine a sample, showing the
resulting image directly on a computer screen without
the need for eyepieces.

4. A modern microscope with a mercury bulb for
fluorescence microscopy. The microscope has a
digital camera, and is attached to a computer.

5. Working

1.
2.
An optical microscope consists of the following two major
basic functions.
Creating a Magnified Image of a Specimen (observation
optical system)
Illuminating a Specimen

6. Creating a Magnified Image of a
Specimen

1.
2.
3.
The function to create a magnified image of
a specimen consists of three basic functions :
Obtaining a clear, sharp image
Changing a magnification
Bringing into focus".
An optical system for implementing these
functions is referred to as an observation optical
system

7. Illuminating a Specimen
 The
function to illuminate a specimen consists of
three basic functions :
1. supplying light
2. collecting light
3. changing light intensity
An optical system for implementing these functions is
referred to as an illumination optical system.
 The
illumination optical system effectively collects
light emitted from the light source and leads the
light to a specimen to illuminate it.

8. Uses

Extensively used in microelectronics, nanophysics,
biotechnology, pharmaceutics research, mineralogy
and microbiology.

Used for medical diagnosis, when dealing with tissues, or
in smear tests on free cells or tissue fragments.

In industrial use, binocular microscopes are common.

In certain applications, long-working-distance or longfocus microscopes[are beneficial. An item may need to
be examined behind a window, or industrial subjects
may be a hazard to the objective. Such optics resemble
telescopes with close-focus capabilities

9. Reference
 http://www.olympus-
ims.com/en/microscope/terms/feature10/
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_microscope