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Eleanor Hart: How An Advice
Columnist Guided A Florida
Community And Addressed Issues of
Gender and Race
Dr. Kimberly Wilmot Voss, Associate Professor
Lance Speere, Visiting Instructor
University of Central Florida
Women’s Pages
• Brides
• Society
• Four Fs
• Advice columns
Miami Herald
• Post-World War II
• Dorothy Jurney & Marie Anderson
• Penney-Missouri Awards
Eleanor Hart
• Eleanor Hazlett Ratelle
• Ohio State University
• Miami in 1940
• Column with a Hart
• Papers at Historical Museum of South
  Florida
Column With a Hart
Gender Roles
• Employment
• Marriage & Relationships
• Education
“Working Mothers” Letter
• “The mother who seeks employment
  outside of the home, unless her husband
  is physically or mentally unavailable to
  work, should have the title of mother
  denied her. Perhaps these are harsh
  words. Yet, can’t a great proportion of the
  ills plaguing our society be attributed to
  the breakdown in family life?”
Hart’s Response (in bold)
• “The working mother lazy? She works
  doubly hard because she has two jobs
  instead of one. Few of her ilk spend
  lavish amounts on maid service, gold-
  plated lunches and fancy clothing. Her
  biggest money expenditure is
  competent day care.”
Gender: Education
• A Mother: “My husband says a
  college education is wasted on
  women and you don’t need a diploma
  to be a mother.”
• Hart: “Is college wasted on women?
  Certainly not – not on all women at
  any rate!”
Integrating Neighborhoods
• Following Brown v Board
• Miami was largely segregated
• 1966 conversation in column
Idealist Letter
• “If a Negro family were to move next door
  to me, I’d welcome them, regardless of
  what these same friends would think. But
  the truth is, I will still be living in an un-
  integrated neighborhood, leaving behind
  me a lot of unhappy and angry people.
  Yet, if I refuse to sell to a Negro, I will be
  perpetrating the unreasonable, unjust
  system of segregation that exists in most
  of our city today. Please advise.”
Hart’s Immediate Response
• “You can’t ‘please’ all factions.
  Whatever your decision, someone will
  ‘dissent.’ Your dilemma is one that
  other residents in this area are facing.
  We welcome their comments.”
One Week Later: 2 letters For
• “The reason so many people are
  against integration is that they are
  ignorant of the Negro. Should Idealist
  sell her house to a Negro family, I’m
  sure her neighbors will find that the
  Negro isn’t as different from his white
  brother as the bigots, trouble-
  makers, etc. would have us believe.”
One Week Later: 2 Letters
Against
• “Civil rights should not be taken from
  one race and given to another. That is
  intrusion of privacy and freedom.”
Two Weeks Later: 5 Letters
Against
• “Our freedoms have been tragically
  breached. I believe zoning should be
  legal in building a neighborhood of a
  specific race if a majority so desires.”
One Month Later: 3 Letters
• Complexity of issue
• Times were changing
Six Weeks Later: Two Letters For
• “As long as the attitude exists that
  one Negro family in a white
  community is too many, so will the
  problems and potential problems.”
Two Months Later: Final
Column
• “To follow the crowd instead of one’s
 conscience is what the masses of
 Germans did while Hitler
 exterminated millions of Jews.”
Impact
• Numerous letters
• Increased coverage of race in
  women’s section

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Eleanor hart.nca

  • 1. Eleanor Hart: How An Advice Columnist Guided A Florida Community And Addressed Issues of Gender and Race Dr. Kimberly Wilmot Voss, Associate Professor Lance Speere, Visiting Instructor University of Central Florida
  • 2. Women’s Pages • Brides • Society • Four Fs • Advice columns
  • 3. Miami Herald • Post-World War II • Dorothy Jurney & Marie Anderson • Penney-Missouri Awards
  • 4. Eleanor Hart • Eleanor Hazlett Ratelle • Ohio State University • Miami in 1940 • Column with a Hart • Papers at Historical Museum of South Florida
  • 6. Gender Roles • Employment • Marriage & Relationships • Education
  • 7. “Working Mothers” Letter • “The mother who seeks employment outside of the home, unless her husband is physically or mentally unavailable to work, should have the title of mother denied her. Perhaps these are harsh words. Yet, can’t a great proportion of the ills plaguing our society be attributed to the breakdown in family life?”
  • 8. Hart’s Response (in bold) • “The working mother lazy? She works doubly hard because she has two jobs instead of one. Few of her ilk spend lavish amounts on maid service, gold- plated lunches and fancy clothing. Her biggest money expenditure is competent day care.”
  • 9. Gender: Education • A Mother: “My husband says a college education is wasted on women and you don’t need a diploma to be a mother.” • Hart: “Is college wasted on women? Certainly not – not on all women at any rate!”
  • 10. Integrating Neighborhoods • Following Brown v Board • Miami was largely segregated • 1966 conversation in column
  • 11. Idealist Letter • “If a Negro family were to move next door to me, I’d welcome them, regardless of what these same friends would think. But the truth is, I will still be living in an un- integrated neighborhood, leaving behind me a lot of unhappy and angry people. Yet, if I refuse to sell to a Negro, I will be perpetrating the unreasonable, unjust system of segregation that exists in most of our city today. Please advise.”
  • 12. Hart’s Immediate Response • “You can’t ‘please’ all factions. Whatever your decision, someone will ‘dissent.’ Your dilemma is one that other residents in this area are facing. We welcome their comments.”
  • 13. One Week Later: 2 letters For • “The reason so many people are against integration is that they are ignorant of the Negro. Should Idealist sell her house to a Negro family, I’m sure her neighbors will find that the Negro isn’t as different from his white brother as the bigots, trouble- makers, etc. would have us believe.”
  • 14. One Week Later: 2 Letters Against • “Civil rights should not be taken from one race and given to another. That is intrusion of privacy and freedom.”
  • 15. Two Weeks Later: 5 Letters Against • “Our freedoms have been tragically breached. I believe zoning should be legal in building a neighborhood of a specific race if a majority so desires.”
  • 16. One Month Later: 3 Letters • Complexity of issue • Times were changing
  • 17. Six Weeks Later: Two Letters For • “As long as the attitude exists that one Negro family in a white community is too many, so will the problems and potential problems.”
  • 18. Two Months Later: Final Column • “To follow the crowd instead of one’s conscience is what the masses of Germans did while Hitler exterminated millions of Jews.”
  • 19. Impact • Numerous letters • Increased coverage of race in women’s section